2012年云南昆明理工大學單考英語考研真題A卷

1、2012年云南昆明理工大學單考英語考研真題A卷答題時不準使用涂改液等具有明顯標記的涂改用品。Part I Vocabulary (20%)Direction: In this section, there are 40incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line t

2、hrough the center. 1. The boss discharged the cook for his incompetence. The word "discharged" here means_. A. laid down B. laid off C. laid awayD. laid up 2. Petrol is manufactured from the _ oil we take out of the ground. AcrudeB. raw C. roughD. tough 3. One of the most spectacular quali

3、ties of man is notably his _ to any kind of natural environment.A. inclination B. domination C. adaptabilityD. availability4. It takes years of hard work to _ a good dictionary. A. compose B. complyC. constructD. compile 5.O'Neill's ideas have been _ to a great deal of criticism from those w

4、ho consider them as scientific dreaming. A. adjusted B. corresponded C. subjectedD. yielded 6. The actors have to _ before they appear in front of the strong lights on television. A. make up B. paint up C. cover upD. do up 7. The design of this architecture show a great deal of _.We have never seen

5、a building of such a type before.A. conventionality B. originality C. formulation D. fascination 8. India and Pakistan have 0.3 and 0.4 hectares of cropland per person _. A. relatively B. proportionally C. particularlyD. respectively 9. I'm in no _ this evening to listen to his silly jokes. A. e

6、motionB. mood C. tendency D. sense 10. Jim, the newly elected director, had to reorganize the entire office; he angrily complained of his _, who had been so incompetent that everything was left in a mess.A. successorB. ancestor C. predecessor D. forefather 11. I don't know if the story is true,

7、but I'll try to _ it. A. verifyB. identify C. reinforce D. conform 12. The polar explorers took every precaution to _ the dangers of their trip. A. optimizeB. standardize C. energize D. minimize 13. Because Bob had stopped reading his technical journals he was _ of new development in his field.

8、A. intellectualB. subtle C. ignorant D. tedious 14. The plane _, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground. A. smashedB. clashed C. struck D. crashed 15. Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more _ than the wooden box. A. terminalB. durable C. persistent D. ultimate16. The

9、 employer _ the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in short hand. A. dictatedB. examined C. copiedD. imitated 17. Mrs. Brown is so _ about her housework that servants will not work for her. A. specialB. especial C. peculiar D. particular 18. In a speech he made today, the President of Passag

10、onia advocated the_ of nuclear arms and said that his country was ready for "urgent and effective measures to_ the arms race." A. expansion/hinderB. propulsion/end C. escalation/curtail D. elimination/curb 19. The traditional bonds that exist between the two countries, as well as the mutua

11、l respect they hold for one another, will_. a firm basis for further development of their economic ties. A. compromiseB. compensate C. contributeD. constitute 20. Both countries have declined to_ the treaty on nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, partly out of concern for the other's supposed in

12、tentions. A. praiseB. assess C. void D. endorse21, Soldiers in full battle gear took up _ outside the Presidential Palace as tens of thousands of demonstrators slowly marched towards the building.A. trenchesB. positionC. situationD. deployment22. If you can do without the few _ pleasures of the coun

13、try, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life has to offer.A. rationalB. pastoralC. humorousD. scornful23. Modern ocean-liners offer you a great variety of _ comforts.A. hospitableB. infamous C. ludicrousD. civilized 24. These figures will give you a rough idea as to the cost o

14、f _ a sports car.A. runningB. accessoriesC. how expensiveD. license plate.25. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is next to impossible to _ the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront us.A. foretellB. forbidC. forsakeD. fortify 26. Inviting the fire-brigade to put out an ima

15、ginary, non-existent fire is a crude form of deception which no _ person would ever indulge in. A. self-consciousB. self-respectingC. self-indulgentD. self-sacrificing27. Grandma has no authority over the children and lets them do anything they like. They're completely _, as a result.A. spoilt B

16、. damagedC. humorousD. scornful28. She is very _; you just couldn't make her walk pass under a ladder.A. credulousB. religiousC. supernaturalD. superstitious29, Don't forget to wish your elders many happy _ on their birthdays.A. returnsB. celebrations C. anniversariesD. congratulations30. In

17、 the medical profession, men . women by two to one. A. outliveB. outdo C. outshineD. outnumber31. Aggressiveness, the violent expression of selfishness, is relatively simple to explain in evolutionary _ .A. textsB. words C. termsD. lectures32. Only over the past few decades have we come to understan

18、d how surprisingly much of what we do may be _ by the kind of creatures we are and especially by the information stored in our genes.A. enlargedB. influencedC. avoidedD. gestured33. Scientists have become increasingly _ with the fact that genes not only govern physical characteristics but they also

19、play a large role in behavior.A. criticalB. impressedC. indistinctD. intensified34. In the normal brain a large number of substances were _ that were later found to be abnormal in quantity or metabolism(新陳代謝)in a substantial variety of neurological (神經病學的) disorders. A. identifiedB. deviatedC. overt

20、akenD. appointed35. Severe difficulties must be _ before cloning can be done with mammals and humansA. concludedB. overcome C. aggravatedD. endangered36. After entering the cave and turning on their powerful arc-lights (弧光燈), they saw great stalagmites(石筍) some of them over fifteen meters high risin

21、g up like tree trunks to meet the stalactites _ from the roof.A. balancedB. scaledC. suspendedD. weighed 37. City born and city bred, I have always _ the country as something you look at through a train window, as somewhere you occasionally visit during a weekend. A. derived fromB. dominatedC. evacu

22、atedD. regarded38. Some people keep talking about the friendly villagers, the unpolluted atmosphere, the _ to nature that one feels and the gentle pace of living out there in the country. A. homesicknessB. rhythmC. replacementD. closeness39. But they fail to mention the long and friendless winter ev

23、enings which are only interrupted by a(n) _ visit to the local cinema _virtually the sole form of entertainment.A. occasional B. sophisticatedC. steady D. retrospective40. Acting on the contention (爭論) that facts are _ , reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about

24、 their private lives.A. notoriousB. sacred C. contradictoryD. indifferentPart II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions: In this part there are 4 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answ

25、er and Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1It is hard to imagine a more perfect gift than a fine watch, which lasts a lifetime and can become a family heirloom (傳家寶). “Other gifts that you give dont last very long,” says vice president Karl-Friedrich S

26、cheufele of Geneva-based Chopard. “And there are very few that stay with the person wherever they go. This is the amazing thing about watchesthey are both beautiful and intimate. You have one on your wrist and you remember a happy time in your life when you look at it.”For something so personal, cho

27、osing the right watch demands corresponding care. Here is a brief look at some trends watch buyers will encounter this season:The most obvious trend in watches this season is the overwhelming popularity of sports watches in stainless steel. Yellow gold and two-tone watches of gold and steel are outa

28、nd full steel is in.With the steel trend comes sportiness, which has been the industrys watchword口號, as it were, for the past three years. Generally speaking, the demand for large-scale steel-case designswith either steel or leather strapshas led to a great supply of large, even bulky, designs for b

29、oth men and women. “There is a demand for watches that are bigger and bolder,” says Suryia Hill, media-relations manager for Roberge Watches Geneva. At Citizen, bulky sports watches are the big sellers. “People like to differentiate themselves with their watches, and calm, thin designs are not popul

30、ar at the moment,” says Willi Richter, general manager of Hamburg-based Citizen Watch Europe GmbH. “Young, middle-aged and even older people these days want to show that they are active, so they prefer bold, active watches.”For Patek Philippe, which has been building luxury gold watches since 1839,

31、the recent move to steel has created a new market of younger buyers. “To our surprise, we found that even our traditional customers wanted to buy our sportier new steel designs,” says Anne Kretz, Patek Philippes public-relations manager in Geneva. 41. A fine watch is regarded as a perfect gift for a

32、ll of the following reasons EXCEPT _.A. it can last a very long timeB. everyone needs a watchC. it stays with the gift receiverD. it is a witness of a persons happy moments42. What does “in” (Par. 3, last sentence) mean?A. Used.B. Welcome.C. Popular.D. Obtainable.43. What can be inferred from paragr

33、aph 4, sentence 1?A. Sportiness goes together with steel.B. Sportiness has been the password for some years.C. It seems as if sportiness were the password. D. Sports watches have been popular for some years.44. All of the following can be used to describe the current trends in watches EXCEPT _.A. sp

34、ortsB. calmC. boldD. steel45. This text is most probably _. A. a part of an advertising sectionB. a part of a sales catalogC. a trend analysisD. a technical paperPassage 2Astronomers believe that the expanding universe is the result of an enormous and powerful explosion called the Big Bang. The Big

35、Band theory may explain how the universe formed. The Big Bang theory states that the universe began to expand with the explosion of concentrated matter and energy and has been expanding ever since. According to the theory, all the matter and energy in the universe was once concentrated into a single

36、 place. This place, of course, was extremely hot and dense. Then some 15 to 20 billion years ago, an explosionthe Big Bangshot the concentrated matter and energy in all directions. The fastest moving matter traveled farthest away. Energy, too, began moving away from the area of the Big Bang.If the B

37、ig Bang theory is correct, the energy left from the Big Bang will be evenly spread out throughout the universe. This energy is known as background radiation. And indeed, scientists have discovered that the background radiation is almost the same throughout the entire universe. This constant backgrou

38、nd radiation is one observation that supports the Big Bang theory.After the initial Big Bang, the force of gravity began to affect the matter racing outward in every direction. Gravity is a force of attraction between objects. All objects have a gravitational (萬有引力的 ) attraction. This force of gravi

39、ty began to pull matter into clumps.At some time, the clumps formed huge clusters of matter. These clumps became the galaxies (星系) of the universe. But even as the galaxies were forming, the matter inside the galaxies continued to race away from the area where the Big Bang had occurred. And this is

40、just what astronomers have discovered. All of the galaxies are speeding away from the center of the universe. Most astronomers feel that the Big Bang theory leads to two possible futures for the universe: an open universe and a closed universe.46. What is the passage mainly concerned?A. Center of un

41、iverse. B. Open or closed universe.C. The Big Bang theory. D. Gravitational attraction.47. According to the passage, the Big Bang theory is important because it sheds light on （闡明）their _.A. formation of the galaxies B. formation of the universeC. formation of the stars D. formation of the planets48

42、. It can be inferred from the passage that, during the initial Big Bang, matter traveled at _ speed.A. differentB. the sameC. a constantD. an even49. According to the passage, galaxies were formed because of _.A. the expansion of the universe B. the contraction of the universeC. background radiation

43、 D. the force of gravity50. The galaxies kept on moving and even today they are moving in a direction that is _.A. towards the center of the universeB. away from the center of the universeC. towards EarthD. away from EarthPassage 3In the developed countries, the dominant factor in the next society w

44、ill be something to which most people are only just beginning to pay attention: the rapid growth in the older population and the rapid shrinking of the younger generation. Politicians everywhere still promise to save the existing pensions system, but they and their constituents know perfectly well t

45、hat in another 25 years people will have to keep working until their mid-70s, heath permitting.What has not yet sunk in is that a growing number of older people say those over 50 will not keep on working as traditional full-time nine-to-five employees, but will participate in the labor force in many

46、 new and different ways: as temporaries, as part-timers, as consultants, on special assignments and so on. What used to be personnel and are now known as human resources departments still assume that those who work for an organization are full-time employees. Employment laws and regulations are base

47、d on the same assumption. Within 20 or 25 years, however, perhaps as many as half the people who work for an organization will not be employed by it, certainly not on a full-time basis. This will be especially true for older people. New ways of working with people at arms length will increasingly be

48、come the central managerial issue of employing organizations, and not just of businesses.The shrinking of the younger population will cause an even greater upheaval, if only because nothing like this has happened since the dying centuries of the Roman Empire. In every single developed country, but a

49、lso in China and Brazil, the birth rate is now well below the replacement rate of 2.2 live births per woman of reproductive age. Politically, this means that immigration will become an important and highly divisive issue in all rich courtiers. It will cut across all traditional political alignments結

50、盟. Economically, the decline in the young population will change markets in fundamental ways. Growth in family formation has been the driving force of all domestic markets in the developed world, but the rate of family formation is certain to fall steadily unless bolstered by large-scale immigration

51、 of younger people. The homogeneous同類的mass market that emerged in all rich countries after the Second World War has been youth-determined from the start. It will now become middle-age-determined, or perhaps more likely it will split into two: a middle-age-determined mass market and a much smaller yo

52、uth-determined one. And because the supply of young people will shrink, creating new employment patterns to attract and hold the growing number of older people (esp. older educated people) will become increasingly important.51. The passage is mainly aboutAthe influence of aging problem.Bhe shrinking

53、 of younger population. Cthe changing of working style. Dthe change of consuming pattern.52. From the passage, we learn people will have to keep working until their mid-70s because of Aoverall improvement of peoples health condition.Bold peoples high qualification.Cthe lack of young employee.Dthe gr

54、eat need for more employee by new economy.53. According to the author, which of the following is true about the situation in 20 or 25 years?AThere will be stricter laws and regulations on employment.BThere will be fewer people who take full-time jobs.CThere will be more older employees.DThere will b

55、e more people who work at home and far from each other.54. What does the word “upheaval” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably mean?Agreat achievementBill influenceCgood effectDgreat change55. 59. The influence that the reduction of young people has on economy may include the following but A. the appearin

56、g of mass market centering the young.B. the shift of the market center from the young to the middle-aged.C. the shrinking of the population who gets to form family.D. the tendency for the market to split into two ones.Passage 4 Public relations is management function that creates, develops, and carries out policies and programs to influence public opinion or public reaction about an idea, a product, or an organization. The field of publi