全球化的利及弊之弊中英結(jié)合

1、WORD整理版弊端！ !文化多樣性的減少一、全球化會抹平社會間的多樣性，但會增加社會內(nèi)部的多樣性。因為人們可供選擇的菜單增加了。想想 哪個更重要。二、多樣性是一個悖論。全球化確實會使某些局部上的多樣性減少。太多的知識會限制我們的創(chuàng)造力。某種程度的隔絕可以將自信和某種魔術(shù)感注入到藝術(shù)中。這種局部多樣性的減少又意味著人們可供選擇的 菜單的減少。三、這是一個“度”的問題。First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community, but will in crease the diversity with in soc

2、iety. Because people in creased choice of menu. Think about which is more importa nt.Second, diversity is a paradox. Globalization does make some partial reduction of diversity.Too muchknowledge will limit our creativity. Somedegree of isolati on can inject a senseof con fide nee and a certa in magi

3、cto the art. This diversity of local people to reduce the mea n reduct ion in choice of menu.Third, this is a "degree" of the problem.傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日漸漸被西方節(jié)日占領(lǐng)，傳統(tǒng)習俗的遺忘，傳統(tǒng)古建筑在經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展下不斷被拆除摧 毀。The traditionalfestival has gradually been occupied by Western festivals,traditi ons and customs be forgotte n, t

4、he traditi onal ancient build ings continue to be demolished to destroy in the developme nt of the economy.當今世界的人們面對著繁雜的社會。 藝術(shù)與文化甚至也被人用來實現(xiàn)擴張。以美國的好萊塢為例，好萊塢每年生產(chǎn)約 700部影片，好萊塢電影的觀眾遍布世界各地。 事實上，好萊塢電 影如今已經(jīng)成了美國實現(xiàn)侵略擴張目的的工具。People in the world today are facing complicated society. Art and culture eve n be used

5、 to achieve the expa nsion. Hollywood, Un ited States, for example, Hollywood annually produces about 700 films the Hollywood audie nee all over the world. In fact, the Hollywood movie has now become a tool of the United States to achieve the purposes of aggression and expa nsion.文化既是民族的，又是世界的各民族都有自

6、己文化的個性和特征。各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺少Culture is n ati on al, but also the world'sAll ethnic groups have their own culture and personalitycharacteristics.The national culture is indispensable to world culture全球化導致貧富差距的擴大占全球1 /5的人口生活在收入水平最高的國家，他們擁有全球國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 的86%，全球出口市場82%,外國直接投資 的68%，全球電話總數(shù)的 74% ;而占全球人口總數(shù) 1/5

7、的 貧困人口在上述幾項上的占有率僅約 1%。在平均收入方面，貧富國家之間相差74倍，而在1960年，這種差距還僅為 30倍。此外，200名最富有者的資產(chǎn)超過占世界總?cè)丝?1%的人的收入總和。在過去4年里，這200名富翁的財產(chǎn)增加了兩倍，達一萬億美元以上，相反，每日收入少于一美元的窮人仍維持在13億左右。Acco un ted for over 1/5 of the populatio n lives in coun tries with the highest in come levels, they have 86%of the global gross domestic product (

8、GDP), 82% of the global export market, 68% of the foreign direct investment, 74% of the total number of teleph one; while the share of the world's populati ononly about 1% of the share of 1/5 of the total number of poor in the above-mentioned items now. The difference betwee n rich and poor coun

9、 triesin terms of average in come, 74 times, in 1960, thisgap is only 30 times. In addition, the 200 richest assets accounted for 41% of the world's total populati on, more tha n the total in come.200 milli on aire property in creased twice in the past four years, more tha n onetrillio n U.S. do

10、llars, to the con trary,the daily in come of less tha n $ poor rema inedat around 1.3 billi on.全球化無疑促進了世界經(jīng)濟的整體成長，但全球經(jīng)濟利益的分配卻是不成比例的。一小撮國家及跨國公司壟斷游戲規(guī)則并掌控著世界市場?？鐕臼墙?jīng)濟全球化的重要動力，全球 100個最大經(jīng)濟體中，竟然有51個是跨國公司。(2000年數(shù)據(jù))而絕大多數(shù)跨國公司來源于 發(fā)達國家?？梢?，由國民財富體現(xiàn)的國家權(quán)力差距依然是巨大的。在經(jīng)濟總量上，沒有幾個國家有望挑戰(zhàn)中等甚至較小的工業(yè)化國家。第三世界即使保持高速發(fā)展勢頭，可絕對差距如

11、此之大，在可預(yù)見的將來也不大可能會消除。Globalizationundoubtedly contributedto the overall growth of the worldeconomy, the global distribution of economic interests isdisproporti on ate. A han dful of n ati onal and mult in ati onal mono polies rules of the gamea nd con trol the world market. Mult in atio nalcorporati

12、onsare an important driving force of economic globalization, the world's 100 largest econo mies, and yet there are 51 mult in atio nal compa ni es. (2000 data) and the vast majority of mult in ati onal compa nies from developedcountries.Seen by the state power embodied in national wealth gap is

13、stillhuge. In econo mic output, few coun tries are expected to challe nge the middle or even smaller industrializedcountries.Even the third world tomain tai n the mome ntum of rapid developme nt, the absolute gap can be so large that in the foreseeable future is uni ikely to be elimi nated.目前，有關(guān)人士都宣

14、揚經(jīng)濟全球化對發(fā)達國家“危害論”。然而，對世界經(jīng)濟和國際體系影響更大的卻是全球化擴大了國家間的不平等。第一，過去積累下來的國家間不平等現(xiàn)象非但沒有因全球化而消除或減緩，反而日益擴大。At prese nt, the pers ons concerned are to promote econo mic globalizati on on developed coun tries' damage theory. "However, the world economy and the greater impact of the international system is gl

15、obalization hasin creased in equality betwee n coun tries. First, the past accumulated in equalities betwee n coun tries not only failed to elimi nate or mitigate a result of globalizati on, but grow ing.全球化導致發(fā)達國家對發(fā)展中國家的資源掠奪高收入國家人口只占全球人口的15%左右，其本土生物承載力是全球28%,但卻消耗了全球55%勺生物承載力。這是如何實現(xiàn)的呢？可是,政治獨立了，經(jīng)濟上的獨立

16、依然還是遙遙無期。在全球化國際分工下，第三世界國家依然處在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的最底端，為發(fā)達國家的過度消費提供著廉價的資源和勞動力。Populati on of high-i ncome coun tries acco unt for only about 15% of the world's population, their homeis the world's biological capacity by 28% but 55% of global con sumpti on of biocapacity. This is how to achieve it? However,

17、political independence, economic independence they are still no where in sight. I ntern ati onal divisi on of labor un der globalizati on, third world coun tries are still at the bottom of the global in dustrial cha in, excessive con sumpti on in developed coun tries to provide the resources and che

18、ap labor.一位來自菲律賓的原住民領(lǐng)袖曾一針見血地指出，”所謂經(jīng)濟全球化,不過是殖民主義的最新表現(xiàn)形式?！边^去的殖民是直接的掠奪，殖民者不得不直接面對被殖民者的不滿和反抗；現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟全球化是聯(lián)手的騙局，老主子和第三世界國家精英階層合謀，第三世界國家繼續(xù)廉價輸出農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、原材料和勞動力(以來料加工等方式),而換取的，往往是和大多數(shù)人利益無關(guān) 甚至負相關(guān)的奢侈品和武器之類”An in dige nous leader from the Philipp ines has sharply poin ted out that"the so-called economic globaliza

19、tion, but the latest manifestation of colo ni alism."Colo nial past is a direct plun der, col on ists had to directlyface the dissatisfacti on of the coloni sts and resista nee; the curre nt economic globalization is the scamtogether, the old masters and the elite con spiracy third World coun t

20、ries, third World coun tries con ti nue to produce low-cost output, raw materials and labor (in process ing, etc.), and in exchange, often and interests of the majority of unrelated or even n egatively related to luxury goods and weap ons and the like."全球化導致工業(yè)垃圾及環(huán)境破壞經(jīng)濟全球化之后受到傷害的依然是發(fā)展中國家1964年，世界

21、著名的美國聯(lián)合碳化物公司提出的在印度開辦一座生產(chǎn)殺蟲劑農(nóng)廠.1975年，一座大型農(nóng)藥廠終于建成，距首都新德里以南 750公里。1984年12月3日凌晨，這農(nóng)藥廠，液態(tài)劇毒氣體從罐內(nèi)滲漏出來，經(jīng)久不散。這次事故使儲氣罐內(nèi)45噸劇毒氣體泄漏殆盡。僅2天內(nèi)就有2500余人喪生，另有60萬人受毒氣不同程度的傷害。到1994年死亡人數(shù)已達 6495人，還有4萬人瀕臨死亡。In 1964, the world-re nowned U.S. compa ny Un io n Carbide in In dia ope ned a product ionof pesticides farm .1975 yea

22、rs, fin ally built a large Pesticide Factory, 750kilometers south away from the capital city of New Delhi.In the 1984, this Pesticide Factory, liquid, highly toxic gas leakage from the tank, and lin geri ng.The accide nt put 45 tons of highly toxic gas in side the tank to leakaway. Only two days alo

23、ne, more than 2,500 people were killed and another 60 million people affected by the poison damage of varying degrees. In 1994,The number of death has reached 6495 , there are 40,000 people dying.全球化導致價值觀的沖突全球化中的價值沖突，主要表現(xiàn)為不同民族和國家的價值觀之間、特別是西方價值觀與非西方價值觀之間的沖突。Globalization the values conflict, main per

24、formance for different nationalities andcou ntries, especially betwee n the values of wester n values and non-wester n values ofthe con flict betwee n.而對于非西方落后國家而言，西方價值觀與本民族價值觀之間的沖突又往往是和傳統(tǒng)價值觀與現(xiàn) 代價值觀即現(xiàn)代化過程中形成和發(fā)展起來的價值觀之間的沖突糾纏在一起的，并經(jīng)常以后者為中介。And for non-wester n behi nd cou ntries, wester n values and t

25、he con flict betwee n thenationalvalues and is often and traditional values and the modemvalues is the processof modernization,the formation and developmentof the conflictbetween the values andintertwined, and often with the latter for intermediary.雖然“全球化”與“現(xiàn)代化”具有不同的內(nèi)涵，前者具有某種空間或地理范疇的性質(zhì)， 是指從區(qū)域到全球；Alt

26、hough "globalization" and "modernization"have different content, the former has somekind of space or geographic category of nature,it is to point to from regionalto global;而后者則具有某種時間或歷史范疇的性質(zhì)，是指從傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代，但近代以來的全球化過程與整個世界的現(xiàn)代化過程實際上是同一個過程。While the latter has some time or historical cat

27、egory of nature, it isto point to fromtradition to modern times, but since modern times of globalization and the whole world of moder ni zati on process is actually the same process.正是在這一過程中， 西方資本主義國家率先實現(xiàn)了內(nèi)源型的現(xiàn)代化，并按照資本主義擴張的內(nèi)在邏輯和憑借其先發(fā)優(yōu)勢，強制或引誘非西方國家認同西方價值，力圖把西方價值觀念普遍化和全球化；It is in this process, the wes

28、tern capitalist countries to take the lead in realizingthe moder ni zati on of the en doge nous type, accord ing to the capitalistexpa nsion imma nentlogic and with its start advantage, forced or seduce non-western national identitywestern value, tries hard to western values, a generalized and globa

29、lization;一些非西方落后國家則一方面努力啟動或多次啟動強迫型、追趕型等外源型的現(xiàn)代化，并由此在不同程度上認同西方價值，另一方面在西方價值觀普遍化擴張的重壓下又不斷岀現(xiàn)民族文化的認 同危機和認同追求，而民族文化認同說到底還是對民族傳統(tǒng)文化、特別是對其核心價值的認同。Some non-western countries the hand behind efforts to start or DuoCi start forced type, such as the modernization of the ZhuiGanXing exogenous type, and thus in dif

30、ferent degree approbati on west value, on the other hand, a gen eralized expa nsion in wester n valuesunder the weight of nationalculture and appear constantlyidentitycrisis and identitypursuit, and national cultural identity in the final analysis or for the ethnic traditi onal culture, especially t

31、o the core value of ide ntity.因此，在這個全球化與世界現(xiàn)代化基本相重合的過程中，“西方不再是一個地理名詞而是'普遍的代號，現(xiàn)代西方則象征著普遍的現(xiàn)代化。通過這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換，認同西方變成了認同現(xiàn)代?！盩herefore, in the globalization of the world modernization and basic collocated process, ""western" is no longer a geographical term but 'common code of', 'm

32、odern western' is' the symbol of moder ni zati on "uni versal. Through such con vers ion, ide ntity 'wester n' into iden tity 'moder n'."j與之相應(yīng)，全球化中非西方落后國家面臨的本民族價值觀與西方價值觀的沖突，往往也就直接表現(xiàn)為傳統(tǒng)價值觀與現(xiàn)代價值觀之間的沖突。J correspondingly, globalization china-africa western countries fac

33、e behind thenational values and the western the conflicts of values, often also direct the performa nee for the traditi onal values and the modem values of the con flict betwee n.作為對西方價值觀普遍化擴張之回應(yīng)和對抗的極端化形式，原教旨主義之所以是“反現(xiàn)代的”， 就在于其看到了并特別強調(diào)全球化中現(xiàn)代價值觀與西方價值觀之間的表里關(guān)系。As the expa nsion of the gen eralized to we

34、stern values and fight aga inst extreme form of resp on se, fun dame ntalism was "the moder n", lies in its saw and special emphasis on globalizati on in the moder n values and the exterior- in terior relati on ship betwee n western values.也正因如此，所以本土與外域、傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代這兩對范疇及其相互關(guān)系成為當代文化研究和文化哲 學論爭中的一個

35、焦點問題。Also because of this, so n ative and outla nd, traditi onal and moder n this two category and their mutual relati on ships become the con temporary culture study and cultural philosophy in the debate a focal point.面對上述當代全球化中復(fù)雜的文化價值觀沖突，文化進化論主張在理解不同文化及其價值觀念時將地理范疇（本土與外域）轉(zhuǎn)換為歷史范疇（傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代），而文化相對主義則要求人們

36、將歷史 范疇（傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代）轉(zhuǎn)換為地理范疇（本土與外域）。In the face of all these con temporary globalizati onin complex culture values con flict,cultural evoluti on in differe nt cultural and un dersta nd that values will geographiccategory (n ative and outla nd) into historical category (the traditi onal and moder n), and cul

37、tural relativism then requires the people will historical category (the traditi onal and moder n) into geographic category (n ative and outla nds).雖然文化進化論和文化相對主義各有其弊端，其中，前者帶有明顯的西方中心論色彩，后者則具有文化保守主義性質(zhì)，但二者都看到了當代全球化中不同民族價值觀之間的沖突、特別是西方價值觀與非西方價值觀之間的沖突是與傳統(tǒng)價值觀與現(xiàn)代價值觀的沖突緊緊纏繞在一起的事實，并都力圖對一事實作岀自己的理解和說明。Although cultural evolution and cultural