外研社版高一英語必修一_第四單元課件

1、 Module 4 grammar: present perfect tense 外研版外研版第一冊(cè)第一冊(cè)Study the following sentences: Who has opened the door? My watch has stopped They havent completed that experiment yet. He has already returned that book. (An action completed in the past but connected with the present situation. )5. I have studie

2、d English for three years/since1999.6. He has worked in the company since he came to the city.7.So far he has written five books.8. It has been years since I came here. (An action beginning in the past and still continuing) Form: have/has done Usage:1. An action completed in the past but connected w

3、ith the present situation. 2. An action beginning in the past and still continuing 1. -How long ago did you part from each other? -It _ five years since we said goodbye to each other.A.was B. would be C.had been D.has been -Who broke the glass? -Sorry .I_. have done B. did C. broke D.am3. - How long

4、 has he been away ,do you know? - Sorry ,I cant tell exactly when he _, though I know he has already been away. A.was leaving B. has left C. would leave D.left4.- How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D.will you be employed - Ho

5、w are you feeling today? - Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a week. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt Find the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them:1.He has come back for three weeks.2.I have joined the army for ten years.(He came back three weeks ago.He has be

6、en back for three weeks.)(I have been in the army for ten years.I joined the army ten years ago.3. We achieved great success in the past few years.4.Perhaps she made several friends by now.5. When have you bought this computer?We have achieved great success in the past few years.Perhaps she has made

7、 several friends by now. When did you buy this computer?Sum up: The following words and phrases often appear in the present perfect tense.already, just, yet, lately, recently, ever, rarely, since, so far, up to now, by now, in the past ten years, during the past ten years, in the last few months, du

8、ring the last few months1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. I have lost my wallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:已可以吃飯了.) Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for,since連用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived her

9、e since 1998. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí) 間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twi

10、ce, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,在后面加上for+一段時(shí)間,則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性. Thomas has studied Russian.(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)俄語) Thomas has st

11、udied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three ago, and is still studying it now). George has met that gentleman on several occasions.5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so f

12、ar等: Peter has written six papers so far. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一 個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. We have had four texts this semester. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成用法完成用法”和和“未完成用法未完成用法 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。 Pay attention to the following words:1.fascinating:extremely interesting a

13、nd charming2. Rewarding: worth doing or having, giving satisfaction but perhaps not money3.starving: very hungryHe has turned off the light 他已把燈關(guān)了。 (動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況 -燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“完成用法”的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時(shí)間狀語(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、頻度時(shí)間狀語(如：never，ever，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(如：this

14、morning month year.，today等)連用。 Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？ 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“未完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 He has lived here since 1978. 從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。 Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this y

15、ear. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. Cf: Tense: the past indefinite tenseUsage: a definite action completed in the past(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。) I have been in the army f

16、or more than 5 years. 我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。 (動(dòng)作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。) 此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo))，或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語(如：up to now，so far)等。 I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 (2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見兩

17、種句型： 主語have / has beenfor短語 It is一段時(shí)間 since從句 He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 練習(xí)題1. Jack _ over five lessons by seven oclock. Then he _ a rest. went ; took B. went; had taken A.C. had gone; took D. had gone ; had takenc.2. We _ out by that tim

18、e that he _ spy for a long time. had found; had been B. had found; was C. found; had been D. found ;was 3. Before the news _ him, he _ to know about it. reaches; has got B. reached; had got C. reached ;got D. had reached; got4. I _ him a second letter before I _ from him. wrote; heard B. wrote; had

19、heard A.C. had written ; heard D. have written; hearABC 5. People _ that the soldiers _ fighting A. say ; had stopped B. said ;has stopped C. say; stopped D. said ;had stopped 6 They _ for five hours when they _ in New York. A. flew ; arrived B. had flown ; had arrived C. flew ; had arrived D. had f

20、lown; arrived 7. She _ that it _ for two days by that day. A. says; has rained B. says; had rained C. said ; had rained D. said; rainedDDC 8. John _ there since the year before, so he _ them. A. had worked ; knew B. had worked; had known C. worked; knew D. worked ;had known 9. He _ angry because he

21、_ for a long time.A. had got; had waited B. got ; waited C. had got; waited D. got ; had waitedAD Verbs to describe events that can continue over a period of time: Know, live, stay, remain2. Verbs to describe events that happen at a particular point of time: borrow, buy, give, leave ,openImportant p

22、hrases:1. put up 2. so far 3. up to now 4. till now5. get away from 6. a great many7. a number of 8. go upEveryday English:1. Am I right in thinking 2. A great many things 3. To do well 4. Congratulations5. Its fascinating!6. To make it (1,400)Homework:1. Look up the following words in your dictiona

23、ry and pay attention to their use afford, dress, contact 2. Write a passage to describe your village town or cityImportant sentence patterns:1. Its been six years since we last saw each other.2. This is the first time Ive visited your hometown.3. I feel very fortunate living here. Whats the climate like?4. 5. The rent for an apartment is very high.Similar words: (Lo