國粹京劇BeijingOpera

1、 what are they?1.peking opera2.traditional chinese painting3.traditional chinese medicine4.wushupeking opera 京京 劇劇 operapekingthe history of opera in chinathe long history - hannit is thought that the theater existed in the han dynasty, nas pictured by bas-relief carvings depicted play-acting found

2、in the han tombs, nbut most likely, the actors in the han dynasty performed only brief sketches.漢the long history - songnopera became a true art form in the song dynasty， nand the theater appeared in the form of a stage enclosed by railings.宋the long history - yuannopera really began to flourish in

3、the yuan dynasty, nwhen music, songs and dances were interwoven into well-developed plots; nactors gave performances in fixed theaters nand the shows drew their themes from chinese historical events, fictional tales of former ages and folk stories. 元the long history - todaynnow opera has developed i

4、nto 300 different schools, namong which the most famous and popular one is peking opera.新中國peking opera = national operasocial meaningnknown as chinas national opera, peking opera is originated in the late 18th century on the basis of some local operas in anhui and hubei provinces. npeking opera is

5、the most influential and representative of all operas in china. nit had won great honor and popularity not only in china but also throughout the world.unique performing style npeking opera bears the characteristics of “comprehensiveness”, “formality”, and “symbolism”, which help form its unique perf

6、orming style. nclassic peking opera combines many forms which, in western drama, are separated.unique performing style nit is a harmonious combination of opera, operetta, ballet, acrobatic display and history play. nit is an exciting panorama including the performing arts of singing, dancing, dialog

7、ue, monologue, acrobatic combat and mime. unique performing style :musicdanceliteraturepaintingwushuacrobaticspeking operaunique performing stylenall these arts are blended into one great theatrical art without a trace of affectation, with some being emphasized. nthe result is that there are song pl

8、ays in which the emphasis is on singing, acting plays in which dance is in predomination, or combat play where acrobatic combat is the chief means of expression.the character rolesnthe character roles in peking opera are divide into four types according to the sex, status, and profession of the char

9、acter. nthey are sheng, dan, jing and chou. shengnthe sheng are the leading male actors and they play scholars, officials, generals, etc. sheng can subdivided into:nlao sheng who wear beards and represent old men.sheng can subdivided into:nxiao sheng who play young men.sheng can subdivided into:nwen

10、 sheng who are the scholars and the civil servants.sheng can subdivided into:nwu sheng who are soldiers and other fighters.danndan are the female roles.nbefore the founding of the peoples republic of china, the female roles are played by men with female impersonators. dan are subdivided into various

11、 types. nlao dan are elderly women. dan are subdivided into various types. nqing yi are women who are aristocratic ladies in elegant costumes. dan are subdivided into various types. nhua dan are the ladies, maids, usually in bright colored costumes. dan are subdivided into various types. ndao ma dan

12、 are the warrior women. dan are subdivided into various types. ncai dan are female comedians.nlook at the following pictures, and try to find out which type of the character roles they play.neach team should choose a member as your representative to the blackboard, and write down your answers.nthe t

13、ime limit: 1 min.jing-painted facenone of the distinct features of peking opera is its make-up or painted face which can help recognize the type of role.npainted face is applied to jing roles only.n臉譜是中國戲劇演員面部化妝的一種程式，有著悠臉譜是中國戲劇演員面部化妝的一種程式，有著悠久的歷史。久的歷史。n中國古代有種儺舞，就是在驅(qū)鬼逐疫的祭祀儀式上中國古代有種儺舞，就是在驅(qū)鬼逐疫的祭祀儀式上跳的舞

14、，跳這種舞時，舞者都戴上假面。跳的舞，跳這種舞時，舞者都戴上假面。n這種儺舞在個別地區(qū)還發(fā)展為儺戲。這種儺舞在個別地區(qū)還發(fā)展為儺戲。n另外，據(jù)說北齊（公元另外，據(jù)說北齊（公元550557年）蘭陵王高長恭年）蘭陵王高長恭相貌英俊，武藝超群，在戰(zhàn)斗中因為他貌美如婦人，相貌英俊，武藝超群，在戰(zhàn)斗中因為他貌美如婦人，不足威懾敵人，所以往往戴上兇惡的面具。不足威懾敵人，所以往往戴上兇惡的面具。n在以后南北朝和隋唐樂舞中還有表現(xiàn)這一故事的節(jié)在以后南北朝和隋唐樂舞中還有表現(xiàn)這一故事的節(jié)目。目。n這種祭祀和樂舞中的假面無疑與后來產(chǎn)生的臉譜有這種祭祀和樂舞中的假面無疑與后來產(chǎn)生的臉譜有密切的關(guān)系。密切的關(guān)系。n

15、在唐代的參軍戲中仍然使用面具，但也開始用染面在唐代的參軍戲中仍然使用面具，但也開始用染面化妝來表現(xiàn)某些鬼神形象?；瘖y來表現(xiàn)某些鬼神形象。n到明代，在元雜劇的基礎(chǔ)上，戲曲中各類角色的分到明代，在元雜劇的基礎(chǔ)上，戲曲中各類角色的分工更細了，臉譜也逐漸規(guī)范化了。工更細了，臉譜也逐漸規(guī)范化了。n在清代，隨著京劇的興起，臉譜造型日趨完善，至在清代，隨著京劇的興起，臉譜造型日趨完善，至清末臉譜已趨定型。清末臉譜已趨定型。nbased on the materials on the next slide, make an interpretation about the symbolic meanings

16、of brilliant colors on the “painted face”.neach team should choose a member to present the result of your interpretation.nthe time limit: 4 min.一個臉譜的主象征著人物的品質(zhì)和氣質(zhì)。一個臉譜的主象征著人物的品質(zhì)和氣質(zhì)。n紅色一般表示忠勇、正直，如關(guān)羽、妾維、常遇春紅色一般表示忠勇、正直，如關(guān)羽、妾維、常遇春 ；n黃色象征梟勇、兇暴、沉著，如宇文成都、典韋黃色象征梟勇、兇暴、沉著，如宇文成都、典韋 ；n藍色或綠色的臉譜表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如竇爾藍色或綠

17、色的臉譜表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如竇爾敦、馬武等敦、馬武等 ；n白色的臉譜一般表示奸臣、壞人，如曹操、趙高等；白色的臉譜一般表示奸臣、壞人，如曹操、趙高等； n紫色象征剛正、穩(wěn)練、沉著；紫色象征剛正、穩(wěn)練、沉著；n黑色的臉譜表示剛烈、正直、勇猛甚至魯莽，如包拯、黑色的臉譜表示剛烈、正直、勇猛甚至魯莽，如包拯、張飛、李逵等；張飛、李逵等； n金色和銀色則通常用來表示神怪。金色和銀色則通常用來表示神怪。臉譜藝術(shù)是戲曲中的化妝手段，也是一種富有裝飾性的臉譜藝術(shù)是戲曲中的化妝手段，也是一種富有裝飾性的圖案，成為中國畫的一個新的品種。圖案，成為中國畫的一個新的品種。jing-painted facere

18、dnsuggests loyalty. yellownsuggests cunning and treachery. bluensuggests cruelty. whitensuggests treacherous and villainy.purplensuggests principled, upright, firm and composed.blacknsuggests strong, honest, valorous, and even precipitant.gold and silver nsuggests gods and spirits.臉譜的分類：n臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，

19、分為：揉，勾，抹，破四種臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，分為：揉，勾，抹，破四種基本類型?；绢愋汀揉臉：凝重威武，整色為主，加重五官紋理加以實現(xiàn)。揉臉：凝重威武，整色為主，加重五官紋理加以實現(xiàn)。是十分古老的臉譜形式。是十分古老的臉譜形式。臉譜的分類：n臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，分為：揉，勾，抹，破四臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，分為：揉，勾，抹，破四種基本類型。種基本類型。n勾臉：色彩絢麗，圖案豐富，復雜美麗，五彩繽紛，勾臉：色彩絢麗，圖案豐富，復雜美麗，五彩繽紛，有的還貼金敷銀，華麗無比。有的還貼金敷銀，華麗無比。臉譜的分類：n臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，分為：揉，勾，抹，破四種臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，分為：揉，勾，

20、抹，破四種基本類型?；绢愋?。n抹臉：淺色為多，以為涂粉于面，不以真面目示人，抹臉：淺色為多，以為涂粉于面，不以真面目示人，突出奸詐壞人之性。突出奸詐壞人之性。臉譜的分類：n臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，分為：揉，勾，抹，破四種臉譜根據(jù)描繪著色方式，分為：揉，勾，抹，破四種基本類型?；绢愋?。n破臉：不對稱臉，左右不一，形容面貌丑陋或意比反破臉：不對稱臉，左右不一，形容面貌丑陋或意比反面角色。面角色。 圖案排列根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：n整臉：整臉：最原始的臉譜形式，利用雙眉把臉分為額和面最原始的臉譜形式，利用雙眉把臉分為額和面兩個部分的臉譜。

21、兩個部分的臉譜。圖案排列根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：n三塊瓦臉：三塊瓦臉：在整臉的基礎(chǔ)上再利用口鼻把面部在整臉的基礎(chǔ)上再利用口鼻把面部分為左右的臉譜。分為左右的臉譜。圖案排列根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：n花三塊瓦臉：花三塊瓦臉：把三塊瓦臉的分界邊緣藝術(shù)化，把三塊瓦臉的分界邊緣藝術(shù)化，加上各式圖案的臉譜。加上各式圖案的臉譜。 圖案排列根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：根據(jù)臉譜的圖案排列，又把臉譜分為以下四種：n碎臉：碎臉：三塊瓦臉的變種，其分界邊緣花形極大，三塊瓦臉的變種，其分

22、界邊緣花形極大，破壞了原有的輪廓。破壞了原有的輪廓。chounthe term for clowns in peking opera is chou.ntheir task is to keep the audience laughing and to improvise quips at the right moments to ease tension in some serious plays.the musical instrumentsnthe music and singing are the most essential elements in opera.nthe wind,

23、stringed and percussion instruments are all used in peking opera music. nthe main stringed instrument used is the fiddle known as the jing hu, a small two-strings bowed instrument. the tune and musical accompanimentnthe music of peking opera combines 1.the er huang tune from anhui opera, 2.the xi pi

24、 tune from hanju (hubei opera), 3.the tunes and musical accompaniment of kunqu (kunshan opera).singingnsinging in peking opera consists of a score of melodies based on xi pi and er huang tunes.nxi pi tune is usually used for expressing strong emotions. ner huang is proper tune for deep and sorrowful

25、 feelings. spoken dialoguespoken dialogues are done in two forms: nyun bai, which sounds like the hubei and anhui dialects, and it is used by main and serious characters. njing bai, which sounds like the beijing dialect, and it is for minor and frivolous roles.performancenoften there are just a table and a few chairs on the stage. nthe description of many situations depends on the performance of the actors and actresses. n