不定式公開課(金典實(shí)用)

1、M5 Unit1 Grammar本節(jié)課重點(diǎn)提要本節(jié)課重點(diǎn)提要o1. 不定式的基本形式和否定形式不定式的基本形式和否定形式o2. 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)o3. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)o4. 不定式的基本用法不定式的基本用法o5. 不定式中常見的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)不定式中常見的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)o6 不定式的省略，保留符號(hào)不定式的省略，保留符號(hào)too7. 不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式oThey advised me to give up smoking. oThey advised me _ _ _ _ smoking.oHe promised to take care of the po

2、or oHe promised _ _ _ _ _ the poorStep 1 基本形式和否定形式基本形式和否定形式肯定式肯定式: to do 否定式否定式: not to donot to give upnot to take care of動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)I opened the door to enter the room. . 一般式一般式( to do /to be done).不定式的一般式所表示的不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。生。Step 2.進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式( to b

3、e doing)They seemed to be talking about something secret when I came in.如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。在進(jìn)行。. 完成式（完成式（to have done/to have been done)2. Im pleased to have been given this chance.1. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.如果不定如果不定式的動(dòng)作式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂發(fā)生

4、在謂語之前。語之前。如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式要用示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式要用被動(dòng)被動(dòng)形式形式.語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般時(shí)一般時(shí) 進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成時(shí) 小小 結(jié)結(jié)to doto be doneto be doing/to have done to have been done練習(xí)練習(xí)Hello! Its good _ (see) you again.Bye-bye, Im glad _ (see) you. They pretend _(work) hard when the teacher came

5、 in.The girl students is said _ (send) abroad last week.All the students in our class have entered for the sports-meeting _ (hold) next week.Step 3 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Its important for us to learn English well. Its wise/kind of him to help the poor.To do like that is foolish.I want to see you this eve

6、ning.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)Step 4 Step 4 不定式的用法不定式的用法作主語作主語_is our duty._is right= It is right to give up smoking.1.幫助你是我們的職責(zé)。幫

7、助你是我們的職責(zé)。2. 放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。不定式短語作主語時(shí)，如果不定式短語作主語時(shí)，如果主語如果太長，主語如果太長，常用常用it 作形式主語，真正的不定式主語后置。作形式主語，真正的不定式主語后置。To help you To give up smoking作主語作主語。一般用不定式做主語的句型 It +be +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth/ of sb to do sthIt +take +sb +time + to do sthIt +cost +sb +money + to do sth動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語作賓語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + to do動(dòng)詞

8、動(dòng)詞+疑問詞疑問詞 + to do 動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞（ think, consider, make, believe等) + it+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) +to do常見動(dòng)詞有常見動(dòng)詞有 afford, agree, arrange, ask, decide, demand, plan desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, prefer, happen, intend, fail等等I dont know what to do .I find it important to learn Englis

9、h. 只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞口訣：只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞口訣： 決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事 決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事 decide to do sth. 決定做某事決定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某計(jì)劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事同意做某事 afford t

10、o do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用來做被用來做 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事下決心做某事 used to do 過去常常做某事過去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + 賓語賓語 +to do 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + 賓語賓語 + do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .注：有以上結(jié)構(gòu)的常

11、用動(dòng)詞有注：有以上結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動(dòng)詞有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。等。(不帶不帶 to 的不定式的不定式) 注：常用的動(dòng)詞是：感官動(dòng)詞注：常用的動(dòng)詞是：感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞 have ,make,let.在在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不

12、帶to。但。但 是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。Eg. I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard _the song. 注意 allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish( (構(gòu)成構(gòu)成“V.+ Sb.+ to do”“V.+ Sb.+ to do”的形式的形式) )to sing賓補(bǔ)賓

13、補(bǔ) 接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞口訣：接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞口訣： 請(qǐng)求與命令請(qǐng)求與命令 想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議 答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助請(qǐng)求與命令請(qǐng)求與命令 ask sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事請(qǐng)求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事期待某人做某

14、事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事建議某人做某事 答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助 promise sb. to do 答應(yīng)某人做某事答應(yīng)某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告誡某人做某事告誡某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事幫助某人做某事作表語作表語My job is_T

15、o see is_.1. 我的工作是教英語。我的工作是教英語。2. 眼見為實(shí)。眼見為實(shí)。to teach English.to believe作定語作定語（必須后置）（必須后置） 1. Betty was the first/the last to come to school.2. We ll attend the meeting to be held next week.3. I have a child to look after at home. Do you have anything to say. Its a good school to study in.(具有具有邏輯上的主謂

16、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）邏輯上的主謂動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）o如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞或所修飾的名詞是不定式的地點(diǎn)/工具,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞oWe have several model bikes to choose fromoHe is looking for a room to live inoPlease give me a knife to cut withoThere is nothing to worry abouto在time place way后面的不定式常省介詞oHe had no place to live注意 作狀語作狀語He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to

17、 be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語目的狀語.原因狀語原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語1 他回家去取鑰匙2 我說了什么話使你不高興?3 贏了這場(chǎng)足球賽,我們感到自豪He went home _ his keyWhat have I said _you happy?We are proud _the football matchto getto maketo have won目的狀語目的狀語.原因狀語原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語Consolidation(

18、p20) 在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)候還有在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)候還有兩點(diǎn)兩點(diǎn)要注意哦！要注意哦！1、在、在感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞和和使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式要要省略省略to,但以上詞變?yōu)榈陨显~變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要時(shí)，要加上加上to, 如如I always saw her play violin .He was made to work 12hours a day.Step 5 不定式中常見的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)不定式中常見的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) The question is hard to answer.=its hard to answer the question.(位置互換） I

19、have some books to read. I have a room to live in. Give me sth to drink.(同時(shí)滿足主謂上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系） 3. Nobody was to blame for the accident. 4. The question is what to do next. 5. I cant go out to play with much work to do. 注意：I have some letters to post. （p20) I have some letters to be posted. Step6 不定式的省略，保留標(biāo)志

20、不定式的省略，保留標(biāo)志to 保留to到為止 to后有be,have,要保留 1. I havent been to American, and I wish to. 2. -Are you on holiday? - no, but I would like to be. 3.-Has Tom finished his homework? - He seems to have. step7 不帶不帶to的情況的情況:o使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后：一感二聽三讓四看使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后：一感二聽三讓四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, s

21、ee, watch, notice 注意：被動(dòng)態(tài)中不能省注意：被動(dòng)態(tài)中不能省ohad better(not), would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不（不得不 ，必然，不能不），必然，不能不）, cant help but = cant choose but do等等owhy not /why dont you do sth為什么不做為什么不做?o help sb.（to）do sthwould you please do sth情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+do step7 不帶不帶to的情況的情況:n在介詞在介詞 but , ex

22、cept 之后，如果其前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后，如果其前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 的某種形的某種形式，不定式不帶式，不定式不帶to, 反之須帶反之須帶to . 。 She could do nothing but cry.o I have no choice but to wait.o We had nothing to do but watch Tv.o All I could do was 不定式and, or, but, rather than 等等表示并列關(guān)系的第二個(gè)to 省略 ,表示相反關(guān)系,對(duì)比的不省略第二個(gè)to Id like to go and see a film They didnt tell me whether to go on or to stop Do you w