人教版新目標 中考二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 知識講解和各地中考原題之非謂語動詞

1、非謂語動詞（1）動詞的非謂語形式包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三種形式，其中分詞又包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式。它們在句子中不能單獨作謂語。(2)動詞不定式 形式：動詞不定式基本形式由“不定式記號to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成：to do。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”：not to do。它的疑問形式是：“wh-疑問詞+to+動詞原形”。*它的被動形式：“to be +過去分詞”：to be done。*它的完成形式：“to have +過去分詞”：to have done。 動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,即可以在句子中作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語。 動詞不定式

2、可以放在謂語前句子作主語。但是通常將作主語的動詞不定式或不定式短語放在謂語后面,而在主語位置用“it”作形式主語(有時在不定式的前面還會用for sb.表示不定式的邏輯主語)。如：To help animals is helping people.(幫助動物就是幫助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.(對于我們而言)學(xué)好漢語是非常的困難)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出這道題花了我一個小時的時間) 動詞不定式可以作謂語動詞(及物動詞)的賓語。A

3、 及物動詞+不定式一般形式：謂語動詞(vt.)+不定式(作賓語)說 明want(想) / try(試圖) / decide(決定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜愛) / learn(學(xué)會) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失敗、未能) / mean(意味著) / prefer(寧愿) / wish(希望) +to (do)(無)help(幫助)to可以省略begin(開始)/ start(開始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟動名詞,意義變化不大forget(忘記) / remember(記得)/ like(總愛) 也可跟動

4、名詞,意義變化較大 比較 He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了關(guān)燈.) (沒關(guān))/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘記關(guān)過燈.)(關(guān)了) / Please remember to ring me up.(記得給我打電話.)(還沒打電話) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我記得昨天給你打電話了,但是你忘記了.)(打過電話) B 及物動詞+疑問詞+不定式：謂語動詞(vt.)+wh-疑問詞+不定式 (作賓語)說明tell (告訴) / show (顯示) /

5、 know (知道) / ask (問) / find out (發(fā)現(xiàn)) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(學(xué)會) / forget(忘記) / remember(記得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商討)what wherehow + to (do)whowhich不定式疑問形式還可以作句子的主語、表語等。C 不定式作賓語而后面又有賓語補足語時,通常用it代替作形式賓語,而不定式則后置。如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)騎車不很容易) 動詞不定

6、式可以在句子中用作定語,放在名詞或代詞后面。A 記住下面的一些結(jié)構(gòu)：被修飾部分+不定式(作后置定語)漢 語 意 思a keyto lock the door鎖門的鑰匙a boxto hold these things裝這些東西的箱子give her a bookto read給她一本書讀Is there any (+名詞/代詞)to (do)?有要(做的)嗎?Its timeto go.是走的時間了。/ 該走了。Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做嗎?Id like somethingto eat.我要點兒吃的。I have nothingto say.我沒有話要說

7、。Would you like somethingto drink?你要點兒喝的嗎？B 在這種情況下,如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞,則后面必須加介詞。如：They could not find a place to live in.(他們找不到住的地方)/ Please give me a chair to sit on.(請給我一張椅子坐坐)/ He has got a writing brush to write with.(他找到了寫字的毛筆) 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作狀語,有下列幾種情況：A 放在不及物動詞(come, go, stop, finish, wait等詞)的后面。如：He

8、 came to see her yesterday.(他昨天來看望她)(表示來的目的)/ I stopped to have a rest.(我停下來休息一會兒)(表示停下來的目的)B 放在完整的謂語之后(即“謂語+賓語”、“謂語+賓語+補語”、“動詞+表語”之后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我們打掃了房間以便讓他在里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打開窗子以便看得更清楚點兒)C 有時表示目的的不定式短語可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time

9、,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(為了按時到達,我們比平時早起了一個小時)(表示早起的目的)注意 stop to do 與stop doing的不同。如：They stopped to have a look.(他們停下來看看)(不定式作“停下來”的目的狀語)/ They stopped looking out of the window and b如an to listen to the teahcher.(他們停止向窗外望,開始聽老師講課)(動名詞作賓語,表示“停止”的內(nèi)容) 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作表語,限用于連系動詞之后。如：My job

10、is to keep the goal.(我的工作就是守住球門) 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作復(fù)合賓語中的賓語補足語。 謂語動詞(vt.)+ 賓語 (人 / 物)+不定式 (作賓語補足語)ask(請) / tell(關(guān)照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(讓) / help(幫) / invite(邀請) / like(喜歡) / warn(警告) / +sb. / sth.+to (do)make(使得) / let(讓) / hear(聽) / see(看) / feel(感覺) / watch(觀看)/ have(使得) / hel

11、p(幫助) +sb. / sth.+ (do)注意 help之后做賓補的不定式符號to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的賓補用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時,含義不同,需特別注意,(參見現(xiàn)在分詞部分)。試比較：I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路過時聽到她正在哭)(指當時瞬間的情況)I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近聽她唱新歌)(指整個過程) (3)動名詞 動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾“ing”構(gòu)成。動名詞有動詞的特征,可以跟賓語,可以被狀語修飾；它也有名詞的特

12、征,在句子中可以作主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語)等。動名詞加相關(guān)詞語(賓語或狀語等)構(gòu)成動名詞短語。 動名詞可以作主語。一般可用it作形式主語而將動名詞短語后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自學(xué)好英語不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.) 動名詞可以作賓語。A want / need之后用動名詞時,含有被動意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的車急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting

13、.(我要理發(fā)。)(頭發(fā)被理)B remember / forge / stop / finish之后用動名詞時,與用不定式含義不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫封信)(根本沒寫) / I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫過信)(寫了卻忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他們停下來向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他們停止向后看)(不向后看了)C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等詞

14、一般用動名詞作賓語。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把門關(guān)上你介意嗎？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她討厭坐飛機旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他們每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上轉(zhuǎn)悠)D like / love / start / begin / learn后面用動名詞時,與用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary sch

15、ool.(我們在小學(xué)時就開始學(xué)英語了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我們在小學(xué)時就開始學(xué)英語了) 動名詞可以作表語,此時特別注意不要與現(xiàn)在進行時混淆。 動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成相同,但是含義不同,動名詞主要表示事情,而現(xiàn)在分詞則主要表示進行著的動作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (動名詞短語,作主語) / Seeing is believing.(動名詞短語,分別作主語和表語) / He ran after a moving bus and

16、got onto it.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作定語) / His father saw him sitting on somethings.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作賓補)(4)分詞包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。(高中學(xué)習(xí)重點) 主要區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動的意思或表示動作正在進行的意思；過去分詞有被動或動作已經(jīng)完成的意思。分詞可以有自己的賓語或狀語。 分詞或分詞短語在句子中作定語、狀語和復(fù)合賓語等。A 作定語：分詞作定語時,一般要放在修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語作定語時,則要放在所修飾的名詞之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after t

17、he thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟著小偷追的婦女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇見了一個名叫布萊克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只給了我一個壞玻璃杯,所以我很生他的氣)B 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作下列動詞的賓語補足語。(參考不定式作賓語補足語)謂語動詞(vt.)賓語賓語補足語keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(聽到) / watch(注意到)

18、/ feel(感覺到)sb./sth.(do)ing如：Mum kept me working all the week.(媽媽讓我一個星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我進入房間時看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有個冷的東西在我的腳上移動)C 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作狀語,表示伴隨情況。如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of pa

19、pers in her hand.(他走進教室,手上抓著一沓紙)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(這些日子我正忙著準備即將來到的口語考試)D 過去分詞可以作表語,放在連系動詞后面,但要注意不要與被動語態(tài)混淆,“主系表”主要表示狀態(tài),而被動語態(tài)則表示動作。常用過去分詞作表語的結(jié)構(gòu)有：be worried (焦慮) / be pleased (高興) / be tired (疲勞) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / be

20、ome frustrated (沮喪) / become intereted in (對感興趣)等等。例略。 E 過去分詞可以作賓語補足語。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我讓人給我理了發(fā))(注意：have sth. done表示動作由別人來做,而have done sth.則為現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu),兩個結(jié)構(gòu)不可以混淆)1【2016江蘇南通】The couple will be away for a while and they need someone the babyAlook after Blooking afterClookied after D

21、to look after 2【2016江蘇南通】It is necessary for us students _ the listening ability.A. to improve B. improving C. improve D. improves 3【2016湖南衡陽】The novel is great. Its well worth _.A. read B. reads C. reading4【2016湖南邵陽】She said she hoped her daughter.A. to see B. you to see C. seeing5【2016江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】Our cou

22、ntry encourages more students football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play6【2016江蘇徐州】David said that the glass was broken and warned me _ it.A. dont touch B. to not touchC. not to touch D. no touching7【2016江蘇泰州】 -Mr Ling， I have some diffic

23、ulty_ the article.- Remember it three or four times at least.A. to understand; reading B. understanding; readingC. understanding; to readD. to understand; to read8【2016貴州六盤水中考】My father used to drive to work, but he is used to _ now.A. walking B. walkedC. walks D. walk9【2016貴州黔東南州中考】I remember _ to

24、Beijing when I was a child.A. to take B. takingC. to be taken D. being taken10【2016貴州黔南州中考】How is your grandma?-Shes fine. She used to _ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _ out for a walk.A. watch; go B. watching; goC. watching; going D. watch; going11【2016貴州黔南州中考】Im new here.-Dont wor

25、ry. Ill do what I can _ you.A. to help B. helpC. helping D. helped12【2016河南中考】The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent.A. find B. findingC. to find D. found13【2016黑龍江龍東地區(qū)中考】Though she often makes her little brother _ , she was made _ by him this morning.A. cry ; to cry B. to

26、cry ; cry C. cry ; cry14【2016黑龍江龍東地區(qū)中考】We advise parents _ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.A. not to leave B. not leave C. not leaving15【2016黑龍江龍東地區(qū)中考】I often hear the little girl _ the piano in the next room.A. practicing playing B. practice to play C. practice p

27、laying16【2016黑龍江龍東地區(qū)中考】A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel _ by Charles Dickens.A. written B. was written C. wrote17【2016湖北恩施州中考】 -Why did she shout just now?-The traffic was too noisy and she had to make herself clearly.A. hear B. hearing C. heard18【2016湖北恩施州中考】 -There are some boys _ basketb

28、all over there.-Lets go and join them.A. are playing B. playing C. to play19【2016四川雅安中考】Our teacher often asks us time.A. not waste B. don t wasteC. not to waste D. doesn t waste20【2016四川綿陽中考】How kind you are! You always do what you can _ others.A. help B. helpingC. helps D. to help21【2016天津中考】I wan

29、ted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered me to watch an opera.A. took B. takesC. to take D. taking22【2016湖北黃石】 Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here, but it will still take us a few hours _ there by bike.A. getting B. to getC. got D. get23【2016山東濟寧】The show was so funny that it made every

30、one _ again and again.A. laugh B. laughedC. laughing D. to laugh24【2016重慶】Should ask Bob _ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.A. wash B. washesC. washing D. to wash25【2016湖北襄陽】-I think you should stop _ him in English.-I see. He cant understand English at all. Let me try in French.A. talking t

31、o B. to talk toC. talk to D. to talking to26【2016江西】Bruce practices _ basketball every day so that he can be a better player.A. play B. to play C. playing27Taiji is my favorite and I often play it _ healthy.A. to keep B. keepsC. keeping D. kept28【2016山東青島】We have worked so long. Shall we stop _ a re

32、st?A. have B. to havingC. having D. to have29【2016湖北孝感】When you are tired, _ in the countryside is a wonderful experience.A. relaxing B. relaxedC. relax D. relaxes30【2014年內(nèi)蒙古包頭市、烏蘭察布市中考】If the company fails to make enough money, it will have to .A. take away B. close downC. break up D. set off31【201

33、4年內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市中考】 The shoes are very nice. Ill take them. Youd better _ first. Im afraid the size is a bit small for you.A. pay for them B. take them offC. put them on D. try them on32【2014年山東省臨沂市中考】When you are swimming, _ your ears. You can use earplugs (耳塞) to stop water getting into your ears.A. tak

34、e after B. take part inC. take off D. take care of33【2014年浙江省麗水市中考】Its a bad habit to _ what you can do today until tomorrow.A. write down B. talk aboutC. worry about D. put off34【2014年浙江省麗水市中考】.Does Mary only have an apple for breakfast?Yes. She eats like a bird _.A. to wake up B. to be strongC. to

35、 lose weight D. to fall asleep35【2014年甘肅省蘭州市中考】Good manners can make people each other.A. get on well with B. get offC. get over D. get away36【2014年甘肅省蘭州市中考】Parents often their children some good advice.A. offer; with B. offer; /C. provide; with D. both B and C37【2014年湖北省荊州市中考】Weve been trying hard,

36、 but cant solve the problem.I think you can _ it in another way.A. share with B. deal with C. keep up with D. point out with38【2014年江蘇省淮安市中考】You should _ smoking. Its really bad for your health.A. look up B. give up C. get up D. set up39【2014年江蘇省淮安市中考】The 18th Jiangsu Provincial Games will _ in Sept

37、ember. Many students want to be volunteers.A. take place B. take partC. take action D. take care40【2014年江蘇省南通市中考】Nancy after supper, as she was going to host a charity show that evening.A.gave upB.dressed upC.got up D.washed up41【2014年江蘇省宿遷市中考】Dont _ too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in clas

38、s tomorrow.A. get up B. put upC. stay up D. wake up42【2014年江蘇省無錫市中考】Its not the right time to argue about who should be blamed.Wed better and find a way out as soon as possible.A.stay up B.give upC.calm down D.look down43【2014年江蘇省徐州市中考】We all know how wonderful you are. There is no need to .A. show

39、off B. give upC. take care D. carry on44【2014年江蘇省鹽城市中考】UNICEF was _in 1946. It works to help children live a better life.A. set up B. put upC. picked up D. turned up45【2014，蘭州】Good manners can make people_ _ each other.Aget on well with Bget offCget over Dget away46【2014，安徽】As time_ _，youll come to

40、think of English as your friend and love it.Agoes byBruns out Ctakes off Dturns up47【2014，呼和浩特】The shoes are very nice.Ill take them.Youd better_ _ first.Im afraid the size is a bit small for you.Apay for them Btake them offCput them on Dtry them on48【2014，河南】This bus doesnt go to the train station.

41、Im afraid youll have to_ _ at the library and take the A52.Atake off Bput offCget off Dturn off49【2014，綿陽】The radio is too loud.Please_ _Aturn it down Bturn it upCturn it on Dturn in over50【2014，十堰】The song Where Did the Time Go_ _ the old days and the love of family.Sure.Its my favorite song.Ahelps

42、 us out Breminds us ofClets us down Dregards us as51【2014，衢州】Its a bad habit to_ _ what you can do today until tomorrow.Awrite down Btalk aboutCworry about Dput off52【2014年云南省中考】Oh, dear! Your room is untidy.Sorry, mom. Ill _.A. set it up B. clean it upC. put it up D. look it up53【2013廣東廣州】Thanks fo

43、r your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _ my baby at home.A. take away B. take offC. take care of D. take out of54【2013廣東】Again and again the doctor _ the crying baby girl, but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her.A. looked over B. looked afterC. looked for D. looked out55【201

44、3山東濱州】 So many problems! Im tired.You should try to them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.A. get into B. get offC. get on D. get over56【2013山東菏澤】Why do you collect so many old bikes?Ill have them _and give away to the children who dont have bikes.A. used up B. given upC. fixed up D. set u

45、p57【2013山東棗莊】In the last ten month, September Miracle(奇跡) on CCTV for more than five times and is popular all over the country.A. has played the piano B. has given out their song disksC .has written songs D. has performed58【2013山東棗莊】By the time I locked the door, I realized I _my keys at home.A. had

46、 repaired B. had changedC. had forgotten D. had left59【2013江蘇常州】Many social workers went to Yaan to help clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake.A. put out B. come outC. work out D. give out60【2013湖南益陽】When he saw a wallet on the ground, he _at once.A. picked it

47、 up B. gave it up C. picked up it61【2013湖南益陽】The boy is sleeping. Please _the radio.A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on62【2013湖北宜昌】Its everyones duty to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign.Sure. We should try to _ all the food that weve ordered.A. give up B. eat upC. turn up D. show up63【2013湖北宜昌】What

48、 smells terrible?Sorry, Ill _ my shoes and wash them at once.A. put away B. take awayC. move away D. get away64【2013湖北十堰】Here is the book. First _ it and then tell me what you think of it.A. look into B. look throughC. look up D. look after65【2013湖北十堰】What kind of persons do you prefer to make frien

49、ds with?I choose my friends on their characters and how we _.A. get in B. get up C. get on D. get off66【2013山西】A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life. It is important for students to learn how to _ each other.A. get on withB. come over toC

50、. stay away from67【2013山東聊城】If you want to buy this dress , you d better _ first to make sure it fits you .A. pay for it. B. take it off.C. tidy it up . D. try it on.68【2013江蘇揚州】 Whos the most modest boy in your class? Daniel. He never _ in public.A. gets off B. takes offC. shows off D. turns off69【

51、2013江蘇鹽城】David Burts dream in China is to go into the west and an early childhood school there.A. clean upB. look upC. give up D. set up70【2012福建福州】It was such a funny show that people couldnt help _again and again.A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing71【2012福建福州】 Its time for the weather report. Could I

52、 _ the TV, Dad? Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down72【2012貴州貴陽】When you leave the reading room, you should remember to _ the lights.A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off73【2012貴州貴陽】Jimmy has sixteen broken bikes to _ and give away to

53、 kids who dont have bikes.A. fix up B. set up C. put up74【2012湖南株洲】Its cold outside. Youd better _ your coat.A. put on B. take off C. put away75【2012黔西南】Your sweater looks very nice. Whats it made_?Wool, and its made_ Guiyang.A. from, on B. of, inC. of, onD. from, in76【2012山東濟南】Attention please. The plane will _ in five minutes.A. take outB. take afterC. take offD. take care77【2012山東濟南】Could you please _the music? My baby is sleeping.Sorry. I will do it right away.A. open upB. turn downC. drop by D. dress up