中考英語(yǔ)專題—數(shù)詞PPT教學(xué)課件

1、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞-就是表示事物的數(shù)量就是表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞和順序的詞, ,分為基數(shù)詞和序分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。數(shù)詞兩種。數(shù)數(shù)詞詞基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞表示事物的數(shù)量表示事物的數(shù)量表示事物的順序表示事物的順序第1頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)第2頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)(1)1-12分別由從分別由從one到到twelve12個(gè)個(gè)各不相同的詞表示。各不相同的詞表示。0 zero 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成方法如下：構(gòu)成方法如下：第3頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)13 thir

2、teen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen(2)13-19均以后綴均以后綴-teen結(jié)尾。結(jié)尾。第4頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety (3)20-90的整十?dāng)?shù)詞均以后綴的整十?dāng)?shù)詞均以后綴-ty結(jié)結(jié)尾。尾。表示表示“幾十幾幾十幾”時(shí)時(shí), 個(gè)位和十位之個(gè)位和十位之間需加連詞符間需加連詞符, 如如: twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-th

3、ree.第5頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)百位和十位百位和十位(若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位)之間用之間用and連接連接,十位和個(gè)位間用十位和個(gè)位間用“-” 連接。連接。156 one hundred and fifty-six;810 eight hundred and ten 204 two hundred and four;(4)三位數(shù)數(shù)詞三位數(shù)數(shù)詞:第6頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞+hundred thousand million表示表示具體具體數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)字表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)目時(shí)表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)目時(shí), hundred, thousand, million等詞等詞后不能加后不能加-s,如如: five hu

4、ndred, six thousand, seven million 等。等。第7頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)hundredsthousandsmillions+of表示表示概數(shù)概數(shù)當(dāng)當(dāng)hundred, thousand等數(shù)詞與等數(shù)詞與of 連用連用, 表示不具體、不準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)目表示不具體、不準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)目時(shí)時(shí), 詞尾須加詞尾須加-s。如。如: thousands of students, millions of trees.第8頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)a few后常接后常接 hundred;many后常接后常接hundreds of;several后常接后常接hundred或或hundreds of。a few hundre

5、d men幾百人幾百人 many hundreds of men幾百人幾百人 第9頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)1. If a = 3, b=4, whats the answer to the problem, a+2ab+1=? The answer is _. A. twenty eight B. twenty-eighth C. twenty-eight2. In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundredsCB第10頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)3. Many

6、 _ sheep were killed in the accident. A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousands4. There are over nine _ workers in the factory, but _ of young people hope to work in it. A. hundred; hundreds B. hundreds; hundreds C. hundreds; hundredAA第11頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)第12頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞1 = one 1st = first 2 = two 2nd = second 3

7、 = three 3rd = third 4 = four 4th = fourth 5 = five 5th = fifth 6 = six 6th = sixth 7 = seven 7th = seventh 8 = eight 8th = eighth 9 = nine 9th = ninth 10 = ten 10th = tenth第13頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)11 = eleven 11th = eleventh 12 = twelve 12th = twelfth 13 = thirteen 13th = thirteenth 14 = fourteen 14th =fourteenth

8、15 = fifteen 15th = fifteenth 16 = sixteen 16th =sixteenth 17 = seventeen 17th = seventeenth 18 = eighteen 18th =eighteenth 19 = nineteen 19th =nineteenth 20 = twenty 20th = twentieth 21 = twenty-one 21st = twenty-first 22 = twenty-two 22nd = twenty-second序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞第14頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)(1).序數(shù)詞除了序數(shù)詞除了first (第一第一)、se

9、cond (第二第二)、third (第三第三) 特殊外特殊外,其余的其余的都是在基數(shù)詞上加詞尾都是在基數(shù)詞上加詞尾-th構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 注注意意fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth這幾這幾個(gè)詞。個(gè)詞。基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞 onetwothree序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 firstsecond third基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞 fiveeightninetwelve序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 fiftheighthninthtwelfth第15頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)(2)從第二十至第九十以從第二十至第九十以-ty 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾的表示的表示“幾十幾十”的基數(shù)詞的基數(shù)詞( (十位整十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞數(shù)的序數(shù)詞) ) ,先變先變y為為ie

10、,再加再加“-th”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。twentytwentieth; thirtythirtiethforty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 第16頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)(3)表示表示“第幾十幾第幾十幾”時(shí)，十位數(shù)時(shí)，十位數(shù)的的“幾十幾十”仍用基數(shù)詞，只把處仍用基數(shù)詞，只把處位部分變成序數(shù)詞。位部分變成序數(shù)詞。thirty-onethirty-first 第第31forty-twoforty-second; fifty-sixth; seventy-third; ninety-ninth第17頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)(5)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時(shí)有時(shí), 序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫

11、形式來(lái)表示序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來(lái)表示。序序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式數(shù)詞的縮寫形式, 由由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母的最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成構(gòu)成。主要縮寫形式有。主要縮寫形式有。first1st; second2nd; third3rd; fourth4th; sixth6th; twentieth20th; twenty-third23rd其中其中1st, 2nd, 3rd為特殊形式為特殊形式, 其它的都其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。第18頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)注注: 序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞 the。Well go over it a second ti

12、me.Weve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?The Second World War broke out in 1939.注注: 序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或或an時(shí)時(shí),則表示則表示“再再”, “又又”。(=another)第19頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need _ day. (寧波市鄞寧波市鄞yin州州)A. a third B. the third C. the other D. otherA第20頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)In

13、 order to make it clear, I must go up to _ second floor and ask him _ second time. A. the; a B. the; theC. a; the D. a; aA第21頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)第22頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法:分子用基數(shù)詞分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于子大于1時(shí)時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)分母用復(fù)數(shù)(+s)?；鶖?shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)第23頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)15分子分子 基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞分母分母 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞one fifth27分子分子 1分母分母 + stwo se

14、venths14分子分子 a分母分母 quartera fourth / one fourth / a quarter / one quarter34three fourthsthree quarters12a second / a half第24頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)About _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _. A. two-thirds; 1970 B. two-thirds; 1970sC. two-third; 1970 D. two-third; 1970sB第25頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)二、二、時(shí)刻表示法時(shí)刻表示法時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞來(lái)讀

15、時(shí)刻通常用基數(shù)詞來(lái)讀順序法順序法:先說(shuō)時(shí)鐘數(shù)先說(shuō)時(shí)鐘數(shù), 后說(shuō)分鐘數(shù)。后說(shuō)分鐘數(shù)。 8:45(=eight forty-five)10:05(=ten five)第26頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)6:30= six thirty10:25 = ten twenty-five14:05 = fourteen o five16:15 = sixteen fifteen18:30 = eighteen thirty23:55 = twenty-three fifty-five注意注意: :表示表示“整點(diǎn)整點(diǎn)”時(shí)時(shí), ,在基數(shù)詞在基數(shù)詞后加后加oclock: 9 oclock第27頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分:分

16、鐘數(shù)30分鐘時(shí),用“分鐘數(shù)+past+時(shí)鐘數(shù)”；6:05five past six 8:15a quarter past eight 9:25twenty-five past nine 7:30half past seven 反序法反序法: 先說(shuō)分鐘數(shù)先說(shuō)分鐘數(shù), 后說(shuō)時(shí)鐘數(shù)。后說(shuō)時(shí)鐘數(shù)。6:20 / 7:25 / 8:15 / 9:10 第28頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)幾點(diǎn)差幾分幾點(diǎn)差幾分:分鐘數(shù)30 時(shí),用“到下一個(gè)時(shí)鐘所差的分鐘數(shù)+to+下一個(gè)時(shí)鐘數(shù)”。 7:35twenty-five to eight 11:40twenty to twelve 8:50ten to nine 第29頁(yè)/共63頁(yè) I

17、ts already 7:40 now. When will the film start?_. We still have five minutes. A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eightC第30頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)三、三、年代年代用用 “the+基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)+十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示的年代十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示的年代”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。在二十世紀(jì)三十年代在二十世紀(jì)三十年代in the 1930s (in the nineteen thirties)在十九世紀(jì)六十年代在十九世紀(jì)六十年代in

18、 the 1860s (in the eighteen sixties)第31頁(yè)/共63頁(yè) 1. There will be more chances in _ century than in _ century. A. twenty-one, twenty B. twenty-first, twentieth C. the twenty-first, the twentieth 2. The city changed a lot _. A. in 1980s B. in the 1980s C. in the 1980CB第32頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)“in ones + 整十位基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)整十位基數(shù)詞

19、的復(fù)數(shù)”是一種習(xí)是一種習(xí)慣表達(dá)法慣表達(dá)法, 用以表示約略年齡用以表示約略年齡, 意為意為“在某人在某人幾十幾歲的時(shí)候幾十幾歲的時(shí)候”。使用該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。使用該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 必須注必須注意數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式意數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 其前是形容詞性物其前是形容詞性物主代詞主代詞, 最前面是介詞最前面是介詞in。in ones forties在某人四十多歲時(shí)在某人四十多歲時(shí)My mother is in her fifties.第33頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)When Mr Liu was _, he became a famous professor.A. on his forties B. in the fortiesC. i

20、n the forty D. in his fortiesMy father began to learn Russian when he was over fifty. My father began to learn Russian _ _ _. in his fiftiesD第34頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)一個(gè)半小時(shí)一個(gè)半小時(shí) two and a half hours= two hours and a half one and a half hours= an hour and a half數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法“半半”的表示法的表示法兩個(gè)半小時(shí)兩個(gè)半小時(shí)一年半一年半兩年半兩年半 two and a

21、 half years= two years and a half one and a half years= a year and a half第35頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)1. The boy always stays there for _. A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour C. one and a half hours2. The old man drank _ beer.A. two bottles and a half B. two and a half bottleC. two bottle and a halfCA第36頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)數(shù)

22、詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 “一兩個(gè)一兩個(gè)”的表示法的表示法“a / an + 單名單名 + or two” 或或 “one or two + 復(fù)名復(fù)名”。Dont worry. Youll be all right in a day or two.I can only stay here for one or two days. I can finish the work in a week or two.“一兩個(gè)一兩個(gè)”習(xí)慣上用習(xí)慣上用注意注意: a / an和和one不可調(diào)換。不可調(diào)換。第37頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)三、年月表示法三、年月表示法the seventeenth century 十七世紀(jì)十七

23、世紀(jì)the 1600s 十七世紀(jì)十七世紀(jì)the twentieth century二十世紀(jì)二十世紀(jì)the 1900s 二十世紀(jì)二十世紀(jì)the 1950s 二十世紀(jì)五十年代二十世紀(jì)五十年代1. 世紀(jì)世紀(jì)可以用可以用 “the+序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞+ century”表示表示,也可以用也可以用 “the+百位進(jìn)數(shù)加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加s”表示表示第38頁(yè)/共63頁(yè) 3. He graduated in _ of _ century. A. the sixtieth; twenty B. sixty; the twentieth C. the sixties; the twentiethin the sixties在

24、六十年代在六十年代in his sixties在他六十幾歲的時(shí)候在他六十幾歲的時(shí)候C第39頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)“in ones + 整十位基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形整十位基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式式”, 表示表示“在某人幾十幾歲的時(shí)在某人幾十幾歲的時(shí)候候”。4. He got the prize _. A. in his fifties B. in fifties C. in his fiftyA第40頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)A. 年份用基數(shù)詞表示年份用基數(shù)詞表示, 一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。 是是四位數(shù)字時(shí)四位數(shù)字時(shí), 各分成二位來(lái)讀各分成二位來(lái)讀。1949 讀作讀作: nineteen forty-nine1800

25、eighteen hundred253two hundred and fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and two或或 nineteen o two數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 年份年份第41頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)日期日期: : the加序數(shù)詞表示加序數(shù)詞表示National Day is on October 1(st). (讀作讀作 October the first)National Day is on the 1st of October第42頁(yè)/共63頁(yè) 月日月日,年年數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 年月日年月日on October the first, two th

26、ousand and eight日日the + 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞月月(首字母大寫首字母大寫)月日與年之間用逗月日與年之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)號(hào)分開(kāi)年年（兩位兩位讀）（兩位兩位讀）寫作on August 9(th)寫作in May, 2010有日用有日用 on; 無(wú)日用無(wú)日用in在在2008年年10月月1日日寫作寫作on October 1(st), 2008 月日月日 在在8月月9日日 月年月年 在在2010年年5月月第43頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)在具體的某一天的早晨、上午、下午、晚上、在具體的某一天的早晨、上午、下午、晚上、夜里用介詞夜里用介詞on。morning, afternoon, evening等詞前用介詞等

27、詞前用介詞in: in the morning / afternoon / evening。但是但是, 當(dāng)這些詞前或后有定語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)這些詞前或后有定語(yǔ)時(shí), in應(yīng)改為應(yīng)改為on。He was born on the night of December 25th, 1992.He suddenly came back on a rainy night. 第44頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)1. The accident happened on _. A. April 5, 2001 B. 2001, April 5 C. April 2001, 52. I was born _. A. in March 8, 199

28、3 B. on July 9, 1994 C. on May, 1995AB第45頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)80 %百分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù)(%)基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞+percenteighty percenthalf / (百百)分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)half / (百百)分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Three fourths of the apples _ bad.Three fourths of water_ bad.areis第46頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)3.78讀作讀作three point seven eight小數(shù)小數(shù)小數(shù)點(diǎn)前

29、按整數(shù)方式讀小數(shù)點(diǎn)前按整數(shù)方式讀,小數(shù)小數(shù)點(diǎn)后一位一位地讀。點(diǎn)后一位一位地讀。12. 6789讀作讀作twelve point six seven eight nine第47頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法一倍一倍once, 兩倍兩倍twice, 三倍三倍three times (三倍或以上用基數(shù)詞三倍或以上用基數(shù)詞times)第48頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)This box is five times as big as that one.=This box is four times bigger than that one.Asia is four times as la

30、rge as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(比歐洲大三倍。比歐洲大三倍。) A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + as +原級(jí)原級(jí)(big, long, wide,) + as +B. A是是B的的 倍倍。表示倍數(shù)的句型表示倍數(shù)的句型第49頁(yè)/共63頁(yè) A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + 比較級(jí)比較級(jí)(bigger, higher, longer, wider, )+ than +B. A比比B 大大(長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)) 倍。倍。This room is twice bigger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)(房間房間)大兩倍。大兩倍。This dictiona

31、ry is four times thicker than that book.這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。表示倍數(shù)的句型表示倍數(shù)的句型第50頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)Tom is a 10-year-old boy. “基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞-名詞名詞(-形容詞形容詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu):這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)只能放到名詞前作定語(yǔ)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)只能放到名詞前作定語(yǔ); 中間的名詞只能用單數(shù)。中間的名詞只能用單數(shù)。Tom is 10 years old.注意注意: 在在be動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞后用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用作表語(yǔ)時(shí), ,不能不能用連詞符用連詞符, ,名詞有復(fù)數(shù)。名詞有復(fù)數(shù)。第51頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)1. a 6-month-old baby 一

32、個(gè)一個(gè)6個(gè)月大的嬰兒個(gè)月大的嬰兒2. a 100-year-old tree一棵一棵100年的老樹(shù)年的老樹(shù)3. a 6,300-kilometer-long river 一條一條6,300千米長(zhǎng)的河千米長(zhǎng)的河4. a 20-meter-deep lake 一個(gè)二十米深的湖泊一個(gè)二十米深的湖泊5. _ 18-meter-wide road 一條一條18米寬的公路米寬的公路6. _ 1-hour-long walk 一段要步行一個(gè)小時(shí)的路程一段要步行一個(gè)小時(shí)的路程7. _ 800-word composition 一篇一篇800字的作文字的作文 anaan第52頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)Our school i

33、s only _ walk from here. A. five-minute B. five minutes C. five minutes D. five minutesEvery morning Mr Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk D比較It is ten minutes walk.與It is a ten-minute walk.D第53頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)It is _ walk from here to my s

34、chool.A. two-hours B. two hours C. two-hour D. a two-hourHe had a _ visit to Canada last month. (2002深圳)A. ten days B. ten-dayC. ten-days D. ten dayBD第54頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)特特殊殊結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu) another+數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞(=數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞)another或或more與數(shù)詞結(jié)合與數(shù)詞結(jié)合,意為意為“另另, 還還”, 表示在原有表示在原有數(shù)量數(shù)量的基礎(chǔ)上又多出的數(shù)量的基礎(chǔ)上又多出的數(shù)量。(表表示數(shù)量附加的用法示數(shù)量附加的

35、用法)(注意詞序變化即注意詞序變化即another和和more與數(shù)與數(shù)字搭配的位置字搭配的位置: another放在數(shù)字前放在數(shù)字前, more放在數(shù)字后。放在數(shù)字后。)第55頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)eg. We need another three students (=three more students) to help us.Ill stay here for another three days (=three more days).我在這兒還要呆三天。我在這兒還要呆三天。第56頁(yè)/共63頁(yè)Just a moment, please. Ill finish it in _ five minutes. A. another B. other C. mor