中考英語專題—數(shù)詞PPT教學(xué)課件

1、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞-就是表示事物的數(shù)量就是表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞和順序的詞, ,分為基數(shù)詞和序分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。數(shù)詞兩種。數(shù)數(shù)詞詞基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞表示事物的數(shù)量表示事物的數(shù)量表示事物的順序表示事物的順序第1頁/共63頁第2頁/共63頁(1)1-12分別由從分別由從one到到twelve12個個各不相同的詞表示。各不相同的詞表示。0 zero 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成方法如下：構(gòu)成方法如下：第3頁/共63頁13 thir

2、teen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen(2)13-19均以后綴均以后綴-teen結(jié)尾。結(jié)尾。第4頁/共63頁20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety (3)20-90的整十?dāng)?shù)詞均以后綴的整十?dāng)?shù)詞均以后綴-ty結(jié)結(jié)尾。尾。表示表示“幾十幾幾十幾”時時, 個位和十位之個位和十位之間需加連詞符間需加連詞符, 如如: twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-th

3、ree.第5頁/共63頁百位和十位百位和十位(若無十位則和個位若無十位則和個位)之間用之間用and連接連接,十位和個位間用十位和個位間用“-” 連接。連接。156 one hundred and fifty-six;810 eight hundred and ten 204 two hundred and four;(4)三位數(shù)數(shù)詞三位數(shù)數(shù)詞:第6頁/共63頁基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞+hundred thousand million表示表示具體具體數(shù)字數(shù)字表示具體、準確的數(shù)目時表示具體、準確的數(shù)目時, hundred, thousand, million等詞等詞后不能加后不能加-s,如如: five hu

4、ndred, six thousand, seven million 等。等。第7頁/共63頁hundredsthousandsmillions+of表示表示概數(shù)概數(shù)當(dāng)當(dāng)hundred, thousand等數(shù)詞與等數(shù)詞與of 連用連用, 表示不具體、不準確的數(shù)目表示不具體、不準確的數(shù)目時時, 詞尾須加詞尾須加-s。如。如: thousands of students, millions of trees.第8頁/共63頁a few后常接后常接 hundred;many后常接后常接hundreds of;several后常接后常接hundred或或hundreds of。a few hundre

5、d men幾百人幾百人 many hundreds of men幾百人幾百人 第9頁/共63頁1. If a = 3, b=4, whats the answer to the problem, a+2ab+1=? The answer is _. A. twenty eight B. twenty-eighth C. twenty-eight2. In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundredsCB第10頁/共63頁3. Many

6、 _ sheep were killed in the accident. A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousands4. There are over nine _ workers in the factory, but _ of young people hope to work in it. A. hundred; hundreds B. hundreds; hundreds C. hundreds; hundredAA第11頁/共63頁第12頁/共63頁序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞1 = one 1st = first 2 = two 2nd = second 3

7、 = three 3rd = third 4 = four 4th = fourth 5 = five 5th = fifth 6 = six 6th = sixth 7 = seven 7th = seventh 8 = eight 8th = eighth 9 = nine 9th = ninth 10 = ten 10th = tenth第13頁/共63頁11 = eleven 11th = eleventh 12 = twelve 12th = twelfth 13 = thirteen 13th = thirteenth 14 = fourteen 14th =fourteenth

8、15 = fifteen 15th = fifteenth 16 = sixteen 16th =sixteenth 17 = seventeen 17th = seventeenth 18 = eighteen 18th =eighteenth 19 = nineteen 19th =nineteenth 20 = twenty 20th = twentieth 21 = twenty-one 21st = twenty-first 22 = twenty-two 22nd = twenty-second序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞第14頁/共63頁(1).序數(shù)詞除了序數(shù)詞除了first (第一第一)、se

9、cond (第二第二)、third (第三第三) 特殊外特殊外,其余的其余的都是在基數(shù)詞上加詞尾都是在基數(shù)詞上加詞尾-th構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 注注意意fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth這幾這幾個詞。個詞?；鶖?shù)詞基數(shù)詞 onetwothree序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 firstsecond third基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞 fiveeightninetwelve序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 fiftheighthninthtwelfth第15頁/共63頁(2)從第二十至第九十以從第二十至第九十以-ty 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾的表示的表示“幾十幾十”的基數(shù)詞的基數(shù)詞( (十位整十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞數(shù)的序數(shù)詞) ) ,先變先變y為為ie

10、,再加再加“-th”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。twentytwentieth; thirtythirtiethforty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 第16頁/共63頁(3)表示表示“第幾十幾第幾十幾”時，十位數(shù)時，十位數(shù)的的“幾十幾十”仍用基數(shù)詞，只把處仍用基數(shù)詞，只把處位部分變成序數(shù)詞。位部分變成序數(shù)詞。thirty-onethirty-first 第第31forty-twoforty-second; fifty-sixth; seventy-third; ninety-ninth第17頁/共63頁(5)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時有時, 序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫

11、形式來表示序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。序序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式數(shù)詞的縮寫形式, 由由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母的最后兩個字母構(gòu)成構(gòu)成。主要縮寫形式有。主要縮寫形式有。first1st; second2nd; third3rd; fourth4th; sixth6th; twentieth20th; twenty-third23rd其中其中1st, 2nd, 3rd為特殊形式為特殊形式, 其它的都其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。第18頁/共63頁注注: 序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞 the。Well go over it a second ti

12、me.Weve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?The Second World War broke out in 1939.注注: 序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或或an時時,則表示則表示“再再”, “又又”。(=another)第19頁/共63頁Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need _ day. (寧波市鄞寧波市鄞yin州州)A. a third B. the third C. the other D. otherA第20頁/共63頁In

13、 order to make it clear, I must go up to _ second floor and ask him _ second time. A. the; a B. the; theC. a; the D. a; aA第21頁/共63頁第22頁/共63頁分數(shù)的表示法分數(shù)的表示法:分子用基數(shù)詞分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于子大于1時時,分母用復(fù)數(shù)分母用復(fù)數(shù)(+s)。基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 分數(shù)分數(shù)第23頁/共63頁15分子分子 基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞分母分母 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞one fifth27分子分子 1分母分母 + stwo se

14、venths14分子分子 a分母分母 quartera fourth / one fourth / a quarter / one quarter34three fourthsthree quarters12a second / a half第24頁/共63頁About _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _. A. two-thirds; 1970 B. two-thirds; 1970sC. two-third; 1970 D. two-third; 1970sB第25頁/共63頁二、二、時刻表示法時刻表示法時刻通常用基數(shù)詞來讀

15、時刻通常用基數(shù)詞來讀順序法順序法:先說時鐘數(shù)先說時鐘數(shù), 后說分鐘數(shù)。后說分鐘數(shù)。 8:45(=eight forty-five)10:05(=ten five)第26頁/共63頁6:30= six thirty10:25 = ten twenty-five14:05 = fourteen o five16:15 = sixteen fifteen18:30 = eighteen thirty23:55 = twenty-three fifty-five注意注意: :表示表示“整點整點”時時, ,在基數(shù)詞在基數(shù)詞后加后加oclock: 9 oclock第27頁/共63頁幾點過幾分幾點過幾分:分

16、鐘數(shù)30分鐘時,用“分鐘數(shù)+past+時鐘數(shù)”；6:05five past six 8:15a quarter past eight 9:25twenty-five past nine 7:30half past seven 反序法反序法: 先說分鐘數(shù)先說分鐘數(shù), 后說時鐘數(shù)。后說時鐘數(shù)。6:20 / 7:25 / 8:15 / 9:10 第28頁/共63頁幾點差幾分幾點差幾分:分鐘數(shù)30 時,用“到下一個時鐘所差的分鐘數(shù)+to+下一個時鐘數(shù)”。 7:35twenty-five to eight 11:40twenty to twelve 8:50ten to nine 第29頁/共63頁 I

17、ts already 7:40 now. When will the film start?_. We still have five minutes. A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eightC第30頁/共63頁三、三、年代年代用用 “the+基數(shù)詞表示的世紀基數(shù)詞表示的世紀+十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示的年代十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示的年代”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。在二十世紀三十年代在二十世紀三十年代in the 1930s (in the nineteen thirties)在十九世紀六十年代在十九世紀六十年代in

18、 the 1860s (in the eighteen sixties)第31頁/共63頁 1. There will be more chances in _ century than in _ century. A. twenty-one, twenty B. twenty-first, twentieth C. the twenty-first, the twentieth 2. The city changed a lot _. A. in 1980s B. in the 1980s C. in the 1980CB第32頁/共63頁“in ones + 整十位基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)整十位基數(shù)詞

19、的復(fù)數(shù)”是一種習(xí)是一種習(xí)慣表達法慣表達法, 用以表示約略年齡用以表示約略年齡, 意為意為“在某人在某人幾十幾歲的時候幾十幾歲的時候”。使用該結(jié)構(gòu)時。使用該結(jié)構(gòu)時, 必須注必須注意數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式意數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 其前是形容詞性物其前是形容詞性物主代詞主代詞, 最前面是介詞最前面是介詞in。in ones forties在某人四十多歲時在某人四十多歲時My mother is in her fifties.第33頁/共63頁When Mr Liu was _, he became a famous professor.A. on his forties B. in the fortiesC. i

20、n the forty D. in his fortiesMy father began to learn Russian when he was over fifty. My father began to learn Russian _ _ _. in his fiftiesD第34頁/共63頁一個半小時一個半小時 two and a half hours= two hours and a half one and a half hours= an hour and a half數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法“半半”的表示法的表示法兩個半小時兩個半小時一年半一年半兩年半兩年半 two and a

21、 half years= two years and a half one and a half years= a year and a half第35頁/共63頁1. The boy always stays there for _. A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour C. one and a half hours2. The old man drank _ beer.A. two bottles and a half B. two and a half bottleC. two bottle and a halfCA第36頁/共63頁數(shù)

22、詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 “一兩個一兩個”的表示法的表示法“a / an + 單名單名 + or two” 或或 “one or two + 復(fù)名復(fù)名”。Dont worry. Youll be all right in a day or two.I can only stay here for one or two days. I can finish the work in a week or two.“一兩個一兩個”習(xí)慣上用習(xí)慣上用注意注意: a / an和和one不可調(diào)換。不可調(diào)換。第37頁/共63頁三、年月表示法三、年月表示法the seventeenth century 十七世紀十七

23、世紀the 1600s 十七世紀十七世紀the twentieth century二十世紀二十世紀the 1900s 二十世紀二十世紀the 1950s 二十世紀五十年代二十世紀五十年代1. 世紀世紀可以用可以用 “the+序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞+ century”表示表示,也可以用也可以用 “the+百位進數(shù)加百位進數(shù)加s”表示表示第38頁/共63頁 3. He graduated in _ of _ century. A. the sixtieth; twenty B. sixty; the twentieth C. the sixties; the twentiethin the sixties在

24、六十年代在六十年代in his sixties在他六十幾歲的時候在他六十幾歲的時候C第39頁/共63頁“in ones + 整十位基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形整十位基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式式”, 表示表示“在某人幾十幾歲的時在某人幾十幾歲的時候候”。4. He got the prize _. A. in his fifties B. in fifties C. in his fiftyA第40頁/共63頁A. 年份用基數(shù)詞表示年份用基數(shù)詞表示, 一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。 是是四位數(shù)字時四位數(shù)字時, 各分成二位來讀各分成二位來讀。1949 讀作讀作: nineteen forty-nine1800

25、eighteen hundred253two hundred and fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and two或或 nineteen o two數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 年份年份第41頁/共63頁日期日期: : the加序數(shù)詞表示加序數(shù)詞表示National Day is on October 1(st). (讀作讀作 October the first)National Day is on the 1st of October第42頁/共63頁 月日月日,年年數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 年月日年月日on October the first, two th

26、ousand and eight日日the + 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞月月(首字母大寫首字母大寫)月日與年之間用逗月日與年之間用逗號分開號分開年年（兩位兩位讀）（兩位兩位讀）寫作on August 9(th)寫作in May, 2010有日用有日用 on; 無日用無日用in在在2008年年10月月1日日寫作寫作on October 1(st), 2008 月日月日 在在8月月9日日 月年月年 在在2010年年5月月第43頁/共63頁在具體的某一天的早晨、上午、下午、晚上、在具體的某一天的早晨、上午、下午、晚上、夜里用介詞夜里用介詞on。morning, afternoon, evening等詞前用介詞等

27、詞前用介詞in: in the morning / afternoon / evening。但是但是, 當(dāng)這些詞前或后有定語時當(dāng)這些詞前或后有定語時, in應(yīng)改為應(yīng)改為on。He was born on the night of December 25th, 1992.He suddenly came back on a rainy night. 第44頁/共63頁1. The accident happened on _. A. April 5, 2001 B. 2001, April 5 C. April 2001, 52. I was born _. A. in March 8, 199

28、3 B. on July 9, 1994 C. on May, 1995AB第45頁/共63頁80 %百分數(shù)百分數(shù)(%)基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞+percenteighty percenthalf / (百百)分數(shù)分數(shù) + of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)half / (百百)分數(shù)分數(shù) + of + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)Three fourths of the apples _ bad.Three fourths of water_ bad.areis第46頁/共63頁3.78讀作讀作three point seven eight小數(shù)小數(shù)小數(shù)點前

29、按整數(shù)方式讀小數(shù)點前按整數(shù)方式讀,小數(shù)小數(shù)點后一位一位地讀。點后一位一位地讀。12. 6789讀作讀作twelve point six seven eight nine第47頁/共63頁數(shù)詞的表示法數(shù)詞的表示法 倍數(shù)的表達法倍數(shù)的表達法一倍一倍once, 兩倍兩倍twice, 三倍三倍three times (三倍或以上用基數(shù)詞三倍或以上用基數(shù)詞times)第48頁/共63頁This box is five times as big as that one.=This box is four times bigger than that one.Asia is four times as la

30、rge as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(比歐洲大三倍。比歐洲大三倍。) A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + as +原級原級(big, long, wide,) + as +B. A是是B的的 倍倍。表示倍數(shù)的句型表示倍數(shù)的句型第49頁/共63頁 A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + 比較級比較級(bigger, higher, longer, wider, )+ than +B. A比比B 大大(長長) 倍。倍。This room is twice bigger than that one.這個房間比那個這個房間比那個(房間房間)大兩倍。大兩倍。This dictiona

31、ry is four times thicker than that book.這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。表示倍數(shù)的句型表示倍數(shù)的句型第50頁/共63頁Tom is a 10-year-old boy. “基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞-名詞名詞(-形容詞形容詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu):這個結(jié)構(gòu)只能放到名詞前作定語這個結(jié)構(gòu)只能放到名詞前作定語; 中間的名詞只能用單數(shù)。中間的名詞只能用單數(shù)。Tom is 10 years old.注意注意: 在在be動詞后動詞后用作表語時用作表語時, ,不能不能用連詞符用連詞符, ,名詞有復(fù)數(shù)。名詞有復(fù)數(shù)。第51頁/共63頁1. a 6-month-old baby 一

32、個一個6個月大的嬰兒個月大的嬰兒2. a 100-year-old tree一棵一棵100年的老樹年的老樹3. a 6,300-kilometer-long river 一條一條6,300千米長的河千米長的河4. a 20-meter-deep lake 一個二十米深的湖泊一個二十米深的湖泊5. _ 18-meter-wide road 一條一條18米寬的公路米寬的公路6. _ 1-hour-long walk 一段要步行一個小時的路程一段要步行一個小時的路程7. _ 800-word composition 一篇一篇800字的作文字的作文 anaan第52頁/共63頁Our school i

33、s only _ walk from here. A. five-minute B. five minutes C. five minutes D. five minutesEvery morning Mr Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk D比較It is ten minutes walk.與It is a ten-minute walk.D第53頁/共63頁It is _ walk from here to my s

34、chool.A. two-hours B. two hours C. two-hour D. a two-hourHe had a _ visit to Canada last month. (2002深圳)A. ten days B. ten-dayC. ten-days D. ten dayBD第54頁/共63頁特特殊殊結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu) another+數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞(=數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞)another或或more與數(shù)詞結(jié)合與數(shù)詞結(jié)合,意為意為“另另, 還還”, 表示在原有表示在原有數(shù)量數(shù)量的基礎(chǔ)上又多出的數(shù)量的基礎(chǔ)上又多出的數(shù)量。(表表示數(shù)量附加的用法示數(shù)量附加的

35、用法)(注意詞序變化即注意詞序變化即another和和more與數(shù)與數(shù)字搭配的位置字搭配的位置: another放在數(shù)字前放在數(shù)字前, more放在數(shù)字后。放在數(shù)字后。)第55頁/共63頁eg. We need another three students (=three more students) to help us.Ill stay here for another three days (=three more days).我在這兒還要呆三天。我在這兒還要呆三天。第56頁/共63頁Just a moment, please. Ill finish it in _ five minutes. A. another B. other C. mor