公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工技術(shù)措施分析中英文

1、 公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工技術(shù)措施分析中英文about english road subgrade compaction construction technology analysis【論文摘 要】公路工程路基路面施工中好的壓實(shí)效果，可以提高路面強(qiáng)度，減少塑性形變、滲透系數(shù)、飽水量及可能產(chǎn)生的形變并增加穩(wěn)定性。本文介紹了公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工的關(guān)鍵因素，研究了公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工技術(shù)措施，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工中壓實(shí)度控制的有效措施。 abstract the compaction effect of highway engineering roadbed construct

2、ion of good, can improve the strength of pavement, reduce the deformation and plastic deformation, permeability coefficient, full of water and possible and increase stability. this paper introduces the key factors of construction of highway subgrade compaction, the compaction of highway engineering

3、roadbed construction technology measures, and stressed the importance of effective measures in the construction of highway engineering roadbed compaction degree of compaction control.公路壓實(shí)是公路工程施工中重要一環(huán)，對(duì)公路的整體質(zhì)量有非常重要的意義。達(dá)到好的壓實(shí)效果，可以提高路面強(qiáng)度，減少塑性形變、滲透系數(shù)、飽水量及可能產(chǎn)生的形變并增加穩(wěn)定性，對(duì)進(jìn)一步改善公路建設(shè)質(zhì)量有著非常重要的意義。 road compact

4、ion is an important part of the highway engineering construction, have very important implications for the overall quality of the highway. reach the compaction effect is good, can improve the strength of pavement, reduce the deformation and plastic deformation, permeability coefficient, full of wate

5、r and possible and increase stability, have very important significance to further improve the quality of road construction.1 公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工的關(guān)鍵因素 1 key factors for highway engineering roadbed construction1.含水量 1 moisture content在壓實(shí)過程中，路基土或路面結(jié)構(gòu)層材料的含水量，對(duì)所能達(dá)到的密實(shí)度起著決定性的作用。土的內(nèi)摩阻力和粘結(jié)力是隨密實(shí)度而增加的。土的含水量較小時(shí)，土顆粒間

6、的內(nèi)摩阻力大，壓實(shí)到一定密度后，某一壓實(shí)功不能再克服土的抗力，壓實(shí)所得的干容重小。當(dāng)土的含水量逐漸增加時(shí)，水在顆粒間起潤滑作用，使土的內(nèi)摩阻力減小，因此同樣的壓實(shí)功可以得到較大的干容重。在這個(gè)過程中，單位的土體中空氣的體積逐漸減小，而固體體積和水的體積逐漸增加。當(dāng)土的含水量繼續(xù)增加到超過某一限度后，雖然土的內(nèi)摩阻力還在減小，但單位土體中的空氣體積已減到最小限度，而水的體積卻在不斷增加。由于水是不可壓縮的，因此，在同樣的壓實(shí)功下，土的干容重反而逐漸減小，土的干容重和含水量的這種緊密關(guān)系，在全標(biāo)紙上就形成了駝峰形式水實(shí)曲線。因此，細(xì)顆粒土、天然砂礫、級(jí)配碎石、級(jí)配礫石、石灰和水泥穩(wěn)定土等多種材料，

7、都只有在一定的含水量下才能壓實(shí)到最大干容重。此時(shí)的含水量為最佳含水量。但是，某一種土或路面結(jié)構(gòu)層材料的最大含水量和最大干容重不是固定不變的，它隨壓實(shí)的功能而變化。在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行擊實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，它隨所用的擊實(shí)功而變。在工作碾壓時(shí)，它隨所用壓路機(jī)的重量或功能而變。 in the process of compaction, water content of subgrade soil or pavement layer materials, on the achievable density plays a decisive role. inner frictional resistance and ad

8、hesive force of soil is increased with the degree of compaction. water is small with soil, internal frictional resistance between soil particles, compacted to a certain density, a compaction can not overcome the resistance of soil compaction, the dry bulk density of small. when the soil moisture con

9、tent increased gradually, water lubrication between the particles, so that the inner frictional resistance of soil compaction power decreases, so the same can get larger dry density. in this process, the air unit soil volume decreased gradually, while the solid volume and water gradually increased i

10、n size. when the soil moisture content continues to increase to more than a certain limit, although the internal frictional resistance in soil decreased, but the volume of air units in soil has been reduced to a minimum, and the volume of water is increasing. because the water can not be compressed,

11、 therefore, the compaction under the same soil dry bulk density, but gradually decreased, soil dry density and the moisture content of the close relationship between the formation of the hump form of water, solid curve in full mark paper. therefore, fine particles of soil, natural sand, gravel, grav

12、el, lime and cement stabilized soil and other materials, are only in a certain moisture content can be compacted to maximum dry density. this is the best water content. however, the maximum water content of a soil or pavement structure layer material and the maximum dry density is not fixed, it with

13、 the function of compaction and change. based on the compaction test in the room, it is with the compaction work and become. at work when rolling, with the weight of the roller or function and variable.2.壓實(shí)功能 2 compaction function如果我們保持壓路機(jī)重量不變，而增加碾壓變數(shù)，或增加壓路機(jī)重量，不改變碾壓通數(shù)，都可以得出與室內(nèi)擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)相同的含水量密度關(guān)系。因此，隨著壓路機(jī)

14、重量的增加，土或路面材料的最佳含水量要降低，而最大干容重都要增大。但是，這種現(xiàn)象是有一定限度的，假如超過這個(gè)限度，即使繼續(xù)增加壓路機(jī)重量或增加碾壓遍數(shù)也不會(huì)明顯降低最佳含水量和增加最大干容重。保持土或路面結(jié)構(gòu)層材料的含水量接近最佳值，以保證所要求的壓實(shí)度。此外，壓實(shí)機(jī)械的選擇應(yīng)用、碾壓層的厚度和碾壓遍數(shù)應(yīng)與使用的碾壓機(jī)械相適應(yīng)。 if we keep the compactor weight unchanged, and increase the rolling variables, or increase the compactor weight, without changing the

15、rolling pass number, all can draw water density relation containing the same and indoor compaction test. therefore, with the increase of roller weight, optimum water content in soil or pavement materials to reduce, and the maximum dry density will increase. however, this phenomenon has a limit, if y

16、ou exceed this limit, even continue to increase road roller weight or increase the number of roller passes does not significantly reduce the optimum water content and maximum dry density. keep the soil or surface structure of the moisture content is close to the optimum value, to ensure the required

17、 degree of compaction. in addition, selection and application of roller compacted layer, mechanical compaction thickness and rolling times should be matched with the rolling machines.2 公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工技術(shù)措施 2 road subgrade compaction construction technical measures1.做好公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工中的壓實(shí)作業(yè) 1 good compaction

18、 compaction of subgrade and pavement of highway engineering construction第一、進(jìn)行壓實(shí)作業(yè)時(shí)要保證攤鋪速度與壓路機(jī)碾壓段長度之間的協(xié)調(diào)，并保持二者的大體穩(wěn)定。其中在氣溫比較高，而且風(fēng)速比較小的時(shí)候，碾壓段的長度不宜過短，而在氣溫低，風(fēng)速比較大時(shí)，碾壓段的長度可以短一些。 first, compaction to ensure coordination between the paving speed and the roller length, and keep the two roughly stable. which

19、are high in temperature, and wind speed is relatively small when, rolling length should not be too short, but in the low temperature, the wind speed is large, rolling length can be short.第二、進(jìn)行壓實(shí)作業(yè)的過程中，如果在碾壓過程中出現(xiàn)瀝青混合料牯輪現(xiàn)象，可以通過向碾壓輪上灑少量水。 second, compaction of asphalt mixture, if the bull wheel phenome

20、non in the rolling process, can sprinkle a small amount of water to the rolling wheel.第三、在尚未冷卻的路面瀝青混合料面層上，不允許放置任何重型的機(jī)械設(shè)備等其他較重的物體，并且不能向其上方撤落礦料以及油料等雜物。 third, in the pavement of asphalt surface is not cool, not allowed to place any heavy machinery and equipment and other objects heavier, and not to re

21、move above the caving and oil etc.第四、對(duì)于壓路機(jī)無法壓實(shí)的公路路基路面部分應(yīng)采用振動(dòng)夯板來完成壓實(shí)作業(yè)。 fourth, for the highway subgrade pavement section roller compaction by vibrating plate should be unable to complete compaction.第五、碾壓段的長度要依據(jù)路面瀝青的出場溫度、混合料的性質(zhì)以及當(dāng)天的溫度和風(fēng)速等因素進(jìn)行科學(xué)的設(shè)定。fifth, rolling length to scientifically set based on

22、the nature of the appearance of asphalt pavement temperature, mixture and the temperature and wind speed and other factors.2.做好公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工后的壓實(shí)質(zhì)量的檢測 2 to improve the detection of the compaction quality of subgrade compaction after construction of the highway（1）核子密度儀法，該方法主要適用于瀝青混合料路基路面壓實(shí)質(zhì)量的測定，該測量方法要求

23、測定層的厚度在20cm的范圍內(nèi)，其中瀝青表面層的壓實(shí)密度利用散射法測定，而土基層材料的壓實(shí)質(zhì)量的測量采用直接透射的方法。該試驗(yàn)方法的操作步驟如下： ( 1 ) nuclear density meter method, this method is mainly applicable to the determination of subgrade and pavement of asphalt mixture material compaction quality, the measurement method requires determination of layer thicknes

24、s in the range of 20cm, the density of compacted asphalt surface layer using scattering method for the determination method of measurement, and the compaction quality of soil base material by direct transmission. steps of the test methods are as follows:第一、位置的確定和儀器的預(yù)熱。首先按照隨機(jī)取樣的方法來確定測試位置，然后預(yù)熱儀器，并將核子儀

25、平穩(wěn)的放置在測試位置上，準(zhǔn)備測試。 preheating determination and instrument first, the position of the. according to the random sampling method to determine the test position, and then the preheating equipment, and the nuclear instrument smoothly placed in the test position, ready for testing.第二、進(jìn)行儀器測量和測量數(shù)據(jù)的讀取。打開測量設(shè)備

26、，按照測量方案進(jìn)行測量，測量結(jié)束后讀取測量結(jié)果，關(guān)閉測量儀器。 second, read instrumentation and measurement data. open the measuring equipment, measurement according to the measurement scheme, after measuring read the measured results, close the measuring instrument.第三、測量結(jié)束后要將核子密度儀儀器放置在專用的且符合核輻射安全規(guī)定的儀器箱里，確保儀器和人員的安全。 third, after

27、measuring the nucleon density instrument and placed in a dedicated and in accordance with the provisions of nuclear and radiation safety instrument box, ensure that the equipment and personnel safety.（2）灌砂法，灌砂法是路基路面壓實(shí)質(zhì)量檢測的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法，但是這種方法不適用于那些具有填石路堤的路基路面的壓實(shí)質(zhì)量的測量，這一方法的基本原理就是選用相應(yīng)規(guī)格要求的均勻砂，并將其按一定高度以自由落體的形式下

28、落到測試的洞里，結(jié)合單位重不變的原理以及集料的含水量等數(shù)據(jù)來進(jìn)行路基路面壓實(shí)質(zhì)量的檢測。( 2 ) the sand filling method, sand filling method is the standard method of pavement and subgrade compaction quality detection, but this method is not suitable for the measurement of compaction quality of subgrade and pavement in those with the stone emba

29、nkment, the basic principle of this method is to use uniform sand corresponding specifications, and then according to a certain height to free fall form fall into the test hole, according to the theory of unit weight unchanged and aggregate water content data detection of subgrade compaction quality

30、.3 公路工程路基路面壓實(shí)施工中壓實(shí)度控制的有效措施 effective measures to 3 compaction construction of highway subgrade compaction degree control.1.對(duì)路基填土或路面結(jié)構(gòu)材料的基本要求用來填筑路基的土，應(yīng)滿足公路路基用土的要求，從土的顆粒組成特征，土的塑性指標(biāo)（液限、塑限、塑性指數(shù)），土中有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量出發(fā)，制定土的類別、性質(zhì)，看是否適合填筑路基，應(yīng)根據(jù)所修建公路的地理位置，選擇既經(jīng)濟(jì)、性質(zhì)又好的土來填筑路基。用于路面結(jié)構(gòu)層的材料，碎石、礫石集料除本身要具有一定的強(qiáng)度外，還要有良好的級(jí)配，這樣才能保證

31、修筑的結(jié)構(gòu)層有足夠的密實(shí)度，保證其強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性。 the 1 basic requirements for subgrade or pavement structure material used to fill subgrade soil, should meet the requirements of highway subgrade soil, composition features from soil particles, soil plasticity index ( liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index ), the

32、content of organic matter in soil of the nature, category, making soil look, whether it is suitable for filling roadbed, road construction should be based on the geographical location, select both economic, properties and good soil subgrade. for pavement layer materials, gravel, gravel aggregate in

33、addition to itself to have a certain strength, but also have a good grade, ensure the way to structure built with density enough, ensure its strength and stability.2.對(duì)地基和下基層的要求 2 on the foundation and basic requirements在填筑路堤之前，必須先碾壓地基，使其達(dá)到足夠的強(qiáng)度，如地基本身比較濕軟，直接在其上填筑路堤，往往會(huì)發(fā)生困難，路堤的第一層（每層以壓實(shí)厚度20cm考慮），甚至第二層

34、上重型壓路機(jī)也無法進(jìn)行碾壓，重型壓路機(jī)進(jìn)行碾壓，土層就會(huì)發(fā)生“彈簧”現(xiàn)象，碾壓遍數(shù)越多，這種現(xiàn)象越嚴(yán)重。所以，在這種情況下，必須采取一定的技術(shù)措施，對(duì)濕軟地基進(jìn)行加固處理。通常，可根據(jù)具體情況，采取下列方法：一是換填土層法；二是強(qiáng)夯法；三是振沖法；四是擠密樁法。 in the embankment before, must first be filled foundation, so as to achieve sufficient strength, such as the basic body is wet and soft, directly on the embankment, oft

35、en occur difficult, the first layer of embankment ( each layer to compaction thickness 20cm ), or even the second layer heavy rollers cannot roll, heavy duty roller compaction, the soil will occur in the spring phenomenon, rolling several times more, and more serious phenomenon. so, in this case, mu

36、st adopt certain technical measures, reinforcement of soft foundation. usually, according to the specific circumstances, take the following methods : one is the change of soil layer method; two is the dynamic compaction method; three is the vibroflotation method; four is the compaction pile method.3

37、.對(duì)含水量的要求 3 of the water requirement（1）含水量試驗(yàn)。在公路施工中，常用的方法有烘干法和酒精燃燒法。 ( 1 ) water test. in highway construction, commonly used method of drying and alcohol burning method.烘干法。本試驗(yàn)方法適用于粘性土、砂性土和有機(jī)質(zhì)土類。 drying method. this test method is applicable to clay, sand and organic matter of soil.酒精燃燒法。本試驗(yàn)方法適用快速簡易

38、測定土（含有機(jī)質(zhì)土除外）的含水量，工地施工中常采用此法。 alcohol burning method. this test method for the rapid determination of soil ( organic soil moisture content, except ) method is often used in construction site.（2）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)，本試驗(yàn)可分輕型和重型兩種試驗(yàn)方法，采用哪種方法，應(yīng)根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)范的規(guī)定或工程科學(xué)試驗(yàn)的實(shí)際需要選定。一般情況下，可采用干法，即加水法，土允許重復(fù)使用，但容易擊碎的試料不宜重復(fù)使用。對(duì)于高含水量土，試料的

39、干燥處理會(huì)影響試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，宜采用濕法，即減水法，讓采集的至少5個(gè)試樣分別風(fēng)干至不同的含水量狀態(tài)。以干密度為縱坐標(biāo)，含水量為橫坐標(biāo)，繪制干密度與含水量的關(guān)系曲線，由線峰值點(diǎn)的縱橫坐標(biāo)分別為最大干密度和最佳含水量。若曲線不能繪出明顯的峰值點(diǎn)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行計(jì)算或重做（應(yīng)給出技術(shù)指標(biāo)）。 ( 2 ) the standard compaction test, the test can be divided into light and heavy two kinds of test methods, adopt what kind of method should be selected according

40、to the actual needs, scientific test relevant specifications and engineering. under normal circumstances, can be used dry, with water, soil to be reused, but easy to split the sample should not be reused. the soil moisture content, drying process of sample will affect the test results, should use th

41、e wet, or the reduction of water, at least 5 samples were dried to different moisture content. dry density as ordinate, moisture as abscissa, draw stem curve relationship between density and water content, vertical and horizontal coordinate by line peak are respectively the maximum dry density and o

42、ptimum moisture content. if the curve cannot draw the obvious peak points, to be calculated or redo ( should give the technical index ).4.合理選擇壓實(shí)機(jī)具和采用正確的壓實(shí)方法 4 reasonable selection of compaction equipment and compaction method correctly applied（1）采用的壓實(shí)機(jī)具應(yīng)先輕后重，以便能適應(yīng)土體強(qiáng)度的增長。 ( 1 ) the compaction machin

43、e used should be after the first light weight, in order to adapt to the soil strength growth.（2）碾壓速度應(yīng)先慢后快，以免樣土被機(jī)械推走。 ( 2 ) the speed of rolling should soon after the first slow, so as to avoid the kind of soil mechanical away.（3）組織壓實(shí)機(jī)具合理的工作路線，直線段一般先兩側(cè)后中間，以便保持路拱；在彎道部分沒有超高時(shí)，由低的一側(cè)開始逐漸向高的一側(cè)碾壓。相鄰的兩次輪跡應(yīng)重疊輪寬的三分之一，保證壓實(shí)均勻不得漏壓，對(duì)于壓不到的邊角，應(yīng)輔塑