計算機(jī)英語翻譯技巧

1、計算機(jī)英語的翻譯技巧計算機(jī)英語的翻譯技巧（一）詞義選擇 計算機(jī)英語中的專業(yè)詞匯大多是通過借用或引申原義等手段轉(zhuǎn)變而來。這就使得計算機(jī)英語翻譯在詞義選擇上不僅要注意一詞多義的區(qū)別，還要注意其作為計算機(jī)專業(yè)詞匯的不同詞義。 A bus is simply a bundle of wires that carry signals and power between different components. 總線 只不過是在不同構(gòu)建之間傳輸信號和供電的一束導(dǎo)線。 Next, you want to look down the list of check boxes and radio buttons

2、 to find the one that says “Show hidden files and folders”. 接下來，你要往下瀏覽復(fù)選框和單選按鈕列表，找到“顯示隱藏文件和文件夾”單選鈕。 The computer memory locations are called variables because they hold values that may vary. 計算機(jī)存儲單元稱為變量，因?yàn)樗鼈兯４娴闹悼梢宰兓?The speed at which information can be transmitted across the Internet depends on t

3、he lowest information transporting capacity along the route and the number of people using that route at any given time. 因特網(wǎng)上的信息傳輸速度取決于路徑的最低信息傳輸容量和在任何特定時間使用該路徑的人數(shù)。 To be part of the Internet, a computer must have a unique Internet Protocol network address so that messages can be correctly routed to

4、and from the machine over the Internet. 要成為英特網(wǎng)的一部分，一臺計算機(jī)必須擁有一個獨(dú)特的網(wǎng)址，以便信息能夠通過因特網(wǎng)按正確的路徑從該機(jī)器接受或發(fā)送。 Some command interpreters are text-oriented, requiring commands to be typed in or to be selected via function keys on a keyboard. 一些命令解釋器是面向文本的，需要健入命令或通過鍵盤上的功能鍵選擇命令。 Procedure and function statements defi

5、ne certain blocks of code as procedures or functions that can then be returned to later in the program. 過程和函數(shù)語句將某些代碼塊定義為以后可在程序中回調(diào)的過程或函數(shù)。(二）詞性，句子成分，句子類型的轉(zhuǎn)換 英漢兩種語言存在很大差異，如果拘泥于原文單詞或句子的語法特征，勢必產(chǎn)生蹩腳生硬的翻譯。因此，在忠實(shí)于原文的情況下，要敢于突破語法框框，對詞性，句子成分，句子類型進(jìn)行變通轉(zhuǎn)換，以使譯文自然流暢，符合漢語習(xí)慣。Multithreading is a necessity in multimedi

6、a and network programming.多線程操作在多媒體與網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程中必不可少。An e-mail is formatted similarly to a memo.電子郵件的格式編排類似于備忘錄。Consequently, the world is full of poorly designed database.因此，設(shè)計糟糕的數(shù)據(jù)庫比比皆是。The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic process.這種語言能簡要表達(dá)算術(shù)和邏輯關(guān)系。The communication system is c

7、hiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation.這種通信系統(tǒng)的主要特點(diǎn)是操作簡單。The information Superhighway is a collection of computers, networks, online services, telephone lines, satellites, fiber optic cables, and all the equipment and programs that these computers use to communicate with each other.信息高速公

8、路匯集了計算機(jī)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在線服務(wù)，電話線路，衛(wèi)星，光纜，以及用于計算機(jī)通信的設(shè)備和程序。 The publishing, advertising, and photography industries all changed considerably after the development and popularization of powerful software and hardware that made high quality desktop publishing affordable for them. 隨著軟件和硬件的開發(fā)和普及，印刷業(yè)，廣告業(yè)和攝影行業(yè)都能夠支付得起高質(zhì)量的

9、桌面排版系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)而得到了相當(dāng)大的改觀。 A developer might produce a simple hierarchical structure chart, in which each function (or module) appears as a block and its interaction with every other function is shown. After an initial decomposition of the program, the developer can then concentrate on creating a more deta

10、iled design of each function. 開發(fā)者必須制定一個簡單的分層結(jié)構(gòu)圖表，表中一個方塊代表一個功能或模塊，每個功能模塊間的相互作用關(guān)系應(yīng)表示清楚。經(jīng)過程序的初步分解，開發(fā)人員隨后就集中力量對每一功能模塊進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的設(shè)計。 (三）重復(fù)譯法 有些詞在漢語中不必重復(fù)，但在漢語中必須重復(fù)，否則會造成文理不通或邏輯混亂。在專業(yè)英語翻譯中，重復(fù)譯法的目的主要是為了表達(dá)上的明確具體。常用的方法如下： 1 重復(fù)共同部分 In addition, the database system must provide for the safety of the information stor

11、ed, despite system crashes or attempts at unauthorized access. 另外，數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)還必須提供所存儲信息的安全性保證，即使在系統(tǒng)崩潰或有人企圖越權(quán)訪問時也應(yīng)保障信息的安全性。 For this reason, there are magnetic and optical disk drives for semi-permanent storage of both programs and data. 基于此，現(xiàn)有的一些磁盤驅(qū)動器和光盤驅(qū)動器既用于半永久性地存儲程序，又用于半永久性地存儲數(shù)據(jù)。 2 重復(fù)省略部分 英語的并列句常常在后一分句

12、中省略前一部分相同的部分，以免重復(fù)。漢譯時有時則需要把省略部分還原。 You should always at least 20 to 60 MB free on your hard disk drive, and of course you can get by with less, but you will pay for it in slower access. 在硬盤驅(qū)動器上應(yīng)當(dāng)留有至少2060MB的空間，當(dāng)然少留一些空間也能應(yīng)付，但代價就是訪問速度會變慢。 There are two kinds of video capture devices, analog and digital

13、. 視頻采集設(shè)備有兩種：模擬采集設(shè)備和數(shù)字采集設(shè)備。 Constant substitution can be applied to attributes such as credentials or keys, but is usually undesirable for identifiers. 常量替換可應(yīng)用于證書密碼等屬性，但標(biāo)識符通常不用常量替換。 3 重復(fù)所代名詞 英語常用代詞來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞，以避免用詞重復(fù)，而漢譯時需要將省略的代詞所代的名詞重復(fù)譯出。 The operational software oversees the execution of all progra

14、ms. It also monitors the devices being used. To accomplish this, it establishes a table in which programs are matched against the devices they are using or will use. 操作系統(tǒng)監(jiān)督著所有程序的執(zhí)行。它還監(jiān)視正在使用的設(shè)備。為達(dá)到此目的，操作系統(tǒng)建立了一張表，表中的程序?qū)?yīng)正在使用或?qū)⒁褂玫脑O(shè)備。 The ability of programmers to produce new programs is clearly affect

15、ed by the amount of time they spend maintaining old ones. 程序員開發(fā)新軟件的能力無疑受到維護(hù)舊軟件時間長短的影響。 To some extent, these programs do away with the differences between different computers and networks, enabling you to visit or control remote computers that run on completely different types of systems from your o

16、wn. 從某種程度上講，這些程序擺脫了不同計算機(jī)之間和網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的差別，從而使你能夠訪問或控制遠(yuǎn)程計算機(jī)，這些遠(yuǎn)程計算機(jī)運(yùn)行在與你自己的系統(tǒng)類型完全不同的系統(tǒng)上。 When you back up your files, you can also archive the ones you dont need, thereby freeing up more space on your hard disk and making your files easier to navigate. 當(dāng)備份文件時，也能同時將不需要的文件歸檔，從而在硬盤上騰出更大的空間，更易于文件的導(dǎo)航。 The presen

17、ce of multiple CPUs means that one goes down, the others may be able to take over its work, although at reduced performance. 多中央處理器的出現(xiàn)意味著一個處理器發(fā)生故障，其他的處理器能夠接替它的工作，不過性能有所下降。 (四）前置法 在漢語中，定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位于被修飾語之前；在英語中，許多修飾語常常位于被修飾語之后，因此英譯漢時往往需要將英語后置成分前置，以符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 A hard disk adds a great deal of storage c

18、apacity to the computer system and significantly improves the speed of such disk operations as saving and retrieving files. 磁盤極大地增加了計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的存儲容量，因而顯著提高了保存和檢索文件之類的磁盤操作速度。 These organizations are responsible for defining the grid standardization process and defining the best practice guidelines for the

19、scientific and industry usage of grid. 這些企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)制定網(wǎng)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化過程以及為網(wǎng)格的科學(xué)和產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)用制定最好的應(yīng)用準(zhǔn)則。 IP multicasting is a set of technologies that enables efficient delivery of data to many locations on a network. IP多信道廣播是使數(shù)據(jù)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)中許多位置高效傳送的一組技術(shù)。 All modern operating systems are multitasking and can run several processes sim

20、ultaneously. In most computers there is only one CPU, so a multitasking operating system creates the illusion of several process running simultaneously on the CPU. The most common mechanism used to create this illusion is time slice multitasking, whereby each process is run individually for a fixed

21、period of time. 所有現(xiàn)代操作系統(tǒng)都是多任務(wù)的，同時能運(yùn)行幾個程序。大部分計算機(jī)中僅有一個CPU, 所以多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)讓人產(chǎn)生能同時運(yùn)行幾個程序的錯覺。產(chǎn)生這種錯覺的最常用機(jī)制是時間分割多任務(wù)處理，以每個過程各自運(yùn)行一個固定的時間的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 Operating systems can use virtual memory to run processes that require more main memory than is actually available. 實(shí)際可用空間不夠時，為了運(yùn)行那些需要更多主存儲空間的程序，操作系統(tǒng)可以利用虛擬存儲器。 Consequen

22、tly, software engineering emerged as the organizing force to overcome the barriers that threatened our progress. 因此，軟件工程是作為一種克服那些阻礙我們進(jìn)步的障礙的組織力量而出現(xiàn)的。Some of the maintenance involves fixing any errors that might have slipped through the testing phases; other maintenance involves additions or enhanceme

23、nts that might have to be incorporated into the program.一些維護(hù)工作包括修改在測試階段所忽略的所有錯誤，其他維護(hù)工作還包括必須集成到程序中的新增或增強(qiáng)部分。Information resources sharing allows anyone using a personal computer on the local area network to access data stored on any other computer in the network.信息資源共享允許局域網(wǎng)上每一個計算機(jī)用戶訪問存儲于網(wǎng)上其他計算機(jī)中的數(shù)據(jù)。Fo

24、r example, if a company had similar but separate local area networks of personal computers in their accounting and marketing departments, the networks could be connected with a bridge.例如，某公司在其財務(wù)部和市場部各有一套由個人計算機(jī)組成的相似而又相互獨(dú)立的局域網(wǎng)，這兩個網(wǎng)絡(luò)就可以通過網(wǎng)橋連接起來。A huge number of software packages are designed to run on

25、IBM computers.許多軟件包都是為在IBM計算機(jī)上運(yùn)行而設(shè)計的。 Internet worm, in November in 1988, in a single night, overloaded and shut down a large portion of the computers connected to the Internet at that time by replicating itself over and over on each computer it accessed, exploiting a bug in UNIX system. 因特網(wǎng)蠕蟲利用UNIX

26、系統(tǒng)的一個錯誤，通過在它所訪問的每臺計算機(jī)上反復(fù)復(fù)制自身的辦法，一夜之間就使當(dāng)時接入因特網(wǎng)的大部分計算機(jī)超載并關(guān)閉。 One disadvantage of a ring network is that if one node fails, the entire network fails because the data does not get past the failed node. 環(huán)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一大缺點(diǎn)是一旦一個節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)故障，由于數(shù)據(jù)無法通過發(fā)生故障的節(jié)點(diǎn)，就會導(dǎo)致整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓。 In computer systems, events that demand the attention

27、 of the computer are often handled according to a most-important-event/first-served, or highest-priority in/first-out (HPIFO) rule. Such queues are called priority queue. 計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中，要求計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的事件通常根據(jù)最重要的事件最先服務(wù)來處理的，換句話說，是按服務(wù)優(yōu)先級最高先進(jìn)/先出隊列的原則。這種隊列稱為優(yōu)先隊列。 A problem arises when transitive relations are introdu

28、ced by relating a single message to several other messages. 將單個信息同其他信息相連而建立傳遞關(guān)系時，問題產(chǎn)生了。 However, there is no consensus on what this process is or how it should be implemented or evaluated. 然而，對于這是一個什么過程以及該如何實(shí)施或評估還沒有統(tǒng)一意見。 Instructions are executed in the sequence they are stored in memory. 指令是按照其在存儲器

29、中的順序執(zhí)行的。 (五)拆句法 拆句法是把一個長而復(fù)雜的句子譯成若干個較短，較簡潔的句子，通常用于英譯漢。英語強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長句較多。英譯漢時常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞，主謂連接處，并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處，后續(xù)成分與主體連接處，以及意群結(jié)束處將長句切斷，譯成漢語分句。 Packet switching is a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called “packets,” sending the packets along different communication paths as they become

30、available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination. 分組交換是傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的一種方法， 它先將數(shù)據(jù)信息分割成許多稱為“分組”的數(shù)據(jù)信息包；當(dāng)路徑可用時，經(jīng)過不同的通信路徑發(fā)送；當(dāng)達(dá)到目的地后，再將他們組裝起來。 Small business folks have no chance in the competitive world without a battery of PCs and the indispensable hardware, software, and access

31、ories to go with them. 如果沒有個人計算機(jī)以及必不可少的硬件，軟件和相應(yīng)附件的系列配套，小型企業(yè)的人員是沒有機(jī)會參與世界競爭的。 The software program might even check your name against a list of names to make sure that you are allowed to use the program. 這種軟件程序甚至可以對照一系列名字核對你的名字，以便確認(rèn)你有權(quán)使用該程序。 The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer a

32、rchitectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace. 采用全新計算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)因要求用戶改寫其大部分軟件，勢必難以進(jìn)入商業(yè)市場。 (六)定語的翻譯 英語句法結(jié)構(gòu)重“形合”，任何一個名詞或名詞詞組，為了對它進(jìn)行完整而明確的闡述，可以借助各種修飾結(jié)構(gòu)（介詞短語，不定式短語，分詞短語，定語或同位語從句等）像滾雪球一樣引出一長串

33、修飾成分。而漢語講究“意合”，各成分用意義串聯(lián)，往往不需要連接詞，一般句子較短。漢語中，對于一個名詞，通常不會累加多重修飾語，因?yàn)檫^長的前置定語會使句子拖泥帶水，冗長臃腫，晦澀難懂。因此對于計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語中含有多重定語或長定語從句的翻譯可借鑒以下方法：1 譯成前置定語定語不長，特別是限定性定語從句如果不長，一般可譯成前置定語。Memory chips are hardware that stores information and instructions.內(nèi)存芯片是存儲信息和指令的硬件。Windows operating environments evolved into todays co

34、mprehensive operating systems, which do not require the DOS kernel.Windows操作環(huán)境演變成了今天不再需要DOS內(nèi)核的綜合操作系統(tǒng)。The core functional computational requirements for grid applications are:The ability to allow for independent management of computing resources.The ability to provide mechanism that can intelligently

35、 and transparently select computing resources capable of running a users job.網(wǎng)格應(yīng)用的核心功能計算要求如下：具有獨(dú)立管理計算資源的能力具備提供機(jī)制的能力，這種機(jī)制能智能化地，清楚地選擇能運(yùn)作用戶工作的計算資源。2 譯成并列句定語從句如果較長，譯成前置定語顯得羅嗦；或者雖然不長但譯成前置定語不合邏輯或漢語習(xí)慣，可拆譯成漢語的并列句。The client issues a command to the server, which gets processed at the server and the results a

36、re sent back to the client machine.客戶機(jī)向服務(wù)器發(fā)出命令，該命令在服務(wù)器上得到處理，而處理的結(jié)果再返回給客戶機(jī)。The resulting video files, compressed for transmission over a satellite phone, are sent to newsroom technicians, who decompress and then broadcast them all in a matter of seconds.由此產(chǎn)生的視頻文件經(jīng)壓縮后通過衛(wèi)星電話傳送給新聞編輯室的技師，新聞編輯室的技師解壓縮后即可播出

37、這些視頻文件這一切不過是數(shù)秒鐘的事。Grid computing systems provide a wide range of capabilities that address the above kinds of analysis and modeling activities.網(wǎng)格計算系統(tǒng)有大量性能可以完成以上各種分析以及建模活動。There have been a significant number of commercialization efforts, which support Grid Computing in every sector of the marketplac

38、e.有大量商業(yè)化的嘗試支持商業(yè)界每個部門的網(wǎng)格計算。 3 譯成狀語 有些定語從句實(shí)際上具有狀語的作用，翻譯時可根據(jù)具體情況譯成表示原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，時間等狀語。 However, its speed is more than adequate for most interactive applications, where the CPU is often idle, waiting for input or for data from other sources. 然而，其速度完全能滿足大多數(shù)交互式應(yīng)用程序的需要。（因?yàn)椋┰谶@些應(yīng)用程序的情況下，中央處理器經(jīng)?？臻e，等待著輸入或來

39、自其他來源的數(shù)據(jù)。 Electronic computers, which have many advantages, can not carry out creative work and replace man. 電子計算機(jī)雖然有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，也代替不了人。 4 用“它”，“這”，“其”，“這些”，“這種”等詞語予以呼應(yīng) A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by perfo

40、rming calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information. 計算機(jī)是一種電子裝置，它能接受一套指令或程序，并通過數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算，或收集和聯(lián)系其他形式的信息來執(zhí)行該程序。 The way in which a number of processor units are employed in a single computer system to increase the performance of the system in its application envi

41、ronment above the performance of single processor is an organizational technique. 將許多處理器組成單一的計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，從而提高該系統(tǒng)在其運(yùn)行環(huán)境中的性能，使其超過單個處理器的性能，這種方法稱為組織技術(shù)。 Data duplication is minimized as much as possible, which is an efficient storage strategy that eliminates data inconsistencies. 數(shù)據(jù)重復(fù)應(yīng)盡可能減少，這是消除數(shù)據(jù)不一致的有效儲存策略。 T

42、he essence of a data type is that it attempts to identify qualities common to a group of individuals or objects that distinguish it as an identifiable class or kind. 數(shù)據(jù)類型的本質(zhì)是標(biāo)識一組個體或目標(biāo)所共有的特性，這些特性把該組個體作為可識別的種類。 A data structure is a data type whose values are composed of component elements that are re

43、lated by some structure. 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是一種數(shù)據(jù)類型，其值是由與某些結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)的組成元素所構(gòu)成的。（七） 被動語態(tài)的譯法 1 譯成漢語被動句。在謂語前加“被”或省略“被”，“由”，“給”，“讓”，“為所”，“受”“加以”，“經(jīng)過”等。Not long ago, e-mail was considered a secondary form of communication.不久以前，電子郵件還被視為交流的次要形式。The PCs high-volume, low-cost approach will be adopted by many of the new smart dev

44、ices, because it offers amazing value to consumers. 個人電腦的大容量，低成本思路將為許多新的靈巧設(shè)備所采納，因?yàn)樗o消費(fèi)者提供了驚人的價值。A meta-alert can be further merged with other alerts, resulting in a hierarchical structure, which can be represented as a tree.一個元警報可以進(jìn)一步同其他警報合并，從而產(chǎn)生可用樹形圖表示的等級結(jié)構(gòu)。 Alert messages are produced by a variety of sensors developed by different vendors and research groups.由不同的廠商和研究團(tuán)體開發(fā)的大量傳感器生成警報信息。 2 譯成無主句 Tiered architecture was evolved to resolve the issues with the client/server computing environment. 為了解決客戶機(jī)、服務(wù)器計算環(huán)境存在的問題，演化出了分層的體系