”子墨課堂“《中考寶典》2016廣東省中考英語復(fù)習(xí)(語法考點(diǎn))課件：動詞時態(tài)及其考點(diǎn)(共41張PPT)

1、 動詞即表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。如：come, think, call, sit, study, have, be, feel等；動詞具有人稱、數(shù)量、時態(tài)、語態(tài)的變化。 時態(tài)是謂語動詞的一種形式。在英語中，不同時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的情況要用不同的動作形式來表現(xiàn)。初中階段學(xué)習(xí)了八種，但中考只考查其中六種。即：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時。1動詞的考點(diǎn)：（1）動詞的基本形式（2）系動詞（3）及物動詞和不及物動詞（4）助動詞（5）情態(tài)動詞2. 時態(tài)的考點(diǎn)（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（2）一般現(xiàn)在時（3）一般過去時（4）一般將來時（5）過去進(jìn)行時（6）現(xiàn)在完成時考點(diǎn)一 動詞

2、的基本形式 動詞的基本形式有：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和過去式。類別用法要求或變化規(guī)則舉 例原形1. 位于情態(tài)動詞之后，如：can, may, must, should, would, have to, neednt 等。He can play the piano.You must finish your homework on time.2. 位于助動詞之后，如：do, does, did, will, shall等。Did you have a good time yesterday?3. 位于感官動詞或使役動詞之后，如：see, watch, hear, make, let

3、, have等。Dont let her eat too much.Lets go to play basketball with Jack.4. 跟在to后面構(gòu)成動詞不定式，如：to comeTell your father to give up smoking.類別用法要求或變化規(guī)則舉 例第三人稱單數(shù)在一般現(xiàn)在時里，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。其變化規(guī)則如下:1. 一般動詞在詞尾加-s構(gòu)成;2. 以x, s, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加-es;3. 以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先改“y”為“i”后，在加-es;4、不規(guī)則形式：havehas；beis 1.

4、 playplays; likelikes; speakspeaks 2. teachteaches ; gogoes fixfixes; washwashes 3. studystudies ; flyflies carrycarries; crycries 注：以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的，直接加-s如：buys, says, plays, obeys等。類別用法要求或變化規(guī)則舉 例現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與be動詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)，其變化規(guī)則如下：1. 一般動詞直接在詞尾加-ing;2. 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，去e再加-ing； 3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ing.4. 以-

5、ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，改ie為y，再加-ing.1. look looking listen listening 2. come coming writewriting注意：seeseeing; agreeagreeing 3. put putting stop stopping run running swim swimming4. lie lying die dying tie tying類別用法要求或變化規(guī)則舉 例過去式過去式用在一般過去時里， 規(guī)則動詞變化如下：1. 一般動詞在詞尾加-ed構(gòu)成；2. 重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫末尾輔音字母再加-ed；3. 以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，加-d

6、；4. 以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的，先改y為 i，再加-ed。1. workworked; callcalled; cleancleaned ; looklooked 2. stopstopped ; dropdropped 3. likeliked ; smilesmiled 4. carrycarried; studystudied 過去分詞過去分詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時和被動語態(tài)中，規(guī)則變化同過去式，不規(guī)則需查不規(guī)則動詞表動詞有規(guī)則和不規(guī)則動詞之分考點(diǎn)二 助動詞 助動詞沒有任何含義，不能單獨(dú)做謂語，只能和行為動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，幫助行為動詞組成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣以及疑問或否定形式。常見的

7、助動詞有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具體用法如下：種類用 法舉 例be1. 構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時態(tài)It was raining all day yesterday.2. 構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.3. 與不定式連用表示按計(jì)劃、預(yù)先安排或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作They are to see an English film this evening. 他們今天晚上看英語電影。種類用 法舉 例do構(gòu)成疑問式或否定式Does he think so?I didnt say anything abou

8、t the result.在動詞前加上do, does, did表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“的確，確實(shí)”They do study hard.他們學(xué)習(xí)確實(shí)很努力She does love listening to English songs.havehave的過去式是had;have和had均可與動詞過去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)He has lived here for three years.As soon as the sun had set, they returned.shall, should1.助動詞shall只用于第一人稱的將來時態(tài)；2.助動詞should是shall的過去式構(gòu)成過去將來時.I

9、shall send ten letters to my good friends.She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.( ) 1. I _ an old friend of mine when I _ in the street yesterday afternoon.A. met; was walking B. was meeting; walkedC. was meeting; was walking D. met; walked( ) 2. Did the farmers have a good harvest last ye

10、ar? _.A. Yes, they had.B. No, they hadntC. Yes, they didD. No, they did.( ) 3. _ you like to write down his telephone number for me?A. AreB. Do C. Shall D. Would( ) 4. Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? There_an NBA basketball game in ten minutes. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. are g

11、oing to be( ) 5. Monica, you _ the exam! Congratulation! A. passB. have passed C. will passD. are passing be動詞用法口訣我用am，你用are，is連著他，她，它；單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。考點(diǎn)三 情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞本身有一定含義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和行為動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。它們也能表明句子的否定、疑問或時態(tài)上的區(qū)別。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can, may, must, need, s

12、hould等。具體用法見下表：用法用法種種 類類舉舉 例例表能表能力力1.表示表示“能夠能夠”，can 用于一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時, could用于一般過去時。用于一般過去時。2. be able to 也表示能力，表示也表示能力，表示做事的能力時可與做事的能力時可與can通用通用, 但但be able to可用于任何時態(tài)?？捎糜谌魏螘r態(tài)。1. Rose can speak now, but she couldnt a week ago.2. She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.They wi

13、ll be able to finish the work soon.表請表請求求can (could) 在疑問句中與第二在疑問句中與第二人稱連用時，表示征求對方意人稱連用時，表示征求對方意見或提出請求，表示委婉語氣。見或提出請求，表示委婉語氣。could 比比can語氣更加委婉客氣，語氣更加委婉客氣，沒有時間上的差別。沒有時間上的差別。Could you lend me your pen?Yes, I can.用法用法種種 類類舉舉 例例表許表許可可1. may/might, can/could表表示許可常可互換，示許可常可互換，只是只是might, could語氣比較語氣比較委婉。委婉。2

14、. May I ?的否定回答用的否定回答用No, you cant.或者或者No, you mustnt.1.May/Could I borrow your book?Yes, you may/can.2.May I take the book out of the room? No, you cant./ No, you mustnt.表必表必須、須、必要必要must和和have to 一般情況下一般情況下可互換，但有以下區(qū)別：可互換，但有以下區(qū)別：1. must表示說話人的主觀表示說話人的主觀看法；看法；have to 表客觀需要。表客觀需要。2.否定式否定式mustnt表示禁表示禁止，意

15、為止，意為“不準(zhǔn)，不可以不準(zhǔn)，不可以做做”；而；而dont have to 意意為為“不必不必”。3. Must I ?否定回答用否定回答用：No, you neednt. 或者或者No, you dont have to.1.You must / have to finish the work.I must have a talk with him.He has to stay here because its raining.2.You mustnt copy others homework. You dont have to explain it to me if you dislike

16、 the job. 3.Must I hand in my homework now?No, you neednt./you dont have to.用法用法種種 類類舉舉 例例表推表推測測1. must表示有把握的推表示有把握的推測，只用于肯定句，不能測，只用于肯定句，不能用語否定句或疑問句。用語否定句或疑問句。2. could, may, might表示表示把握不大的推測把握不大的推測, 用于肯用于肯定句定句;3. can用于否定句，表示用于否定句，表示沒有可能用沒有可能用cant1. The photo must be Lus. Those are his parents2. I ca

17、nt find my backpack. It might/may/could be still at school.3. The red bicycle cant be Lucys. She has a blue bicycle.need的的雙重雙重身份身份need作情態(tài)動詞時，多用作情態(tài)動詞時，多用于否定或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)，一般于否定或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)，一般不用于肯定句，表示不用于肯定句，表示“必必要要”。need用作一般實(shí)義動詞，用作一般實(shí)義動詞，根據(jù)需要作動詞變形。根據(jù)需要作動詞變形。They neednt go to work that day.They didnt need to work tha

18、t day.Do you need any help? ( ) 6.Must I get up at 6 oclock? No, you _.You can get up at 7 oclock. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt( ) 7. A cross from my home, _ a shop which sells things from foreign countries. A. it isB. it hasC. there is D. that is ( ) 8._ I know by what time you want the

19、project to be done? By the day after tomorrow. _ you finish it on time? A. May; CanB. Must; NeedC. Could; Must D. Need; Would( ) 9.Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer? Sorry. You _ return it today.A. mustB. mustnt C. canD. cant( ) 10.I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours? Yes

20、, you _.A. canB. mustC. couldD. should( ) 11. The man is feeling much better now, so you _ call a doctor. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt( ) 12. May I take this magazine out of the reading room? No, you _. You read it in here.A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt( ) 13. Lets go climbing, sh

21、all we? You _ be joking! Dont you know Im afraid of high places? A. may B. can C. must D. should( ) 14. Could you please have a walk with me? Sorry, I _. I have something important to do now. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. may not考點(diǎn)四 連系動詞 連系動詞有一定意義，它們要與其后作表語的形容詞、名詞或介詞（短語）一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。常見系動詞有：be, seem, ke

22、ep, remain, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, get, grow, turn等。如：She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.她比三年前更漂亮了?？键c(diǎn)五 行為動詞 行為動詞又稱實(shí)義動詞，它們都含有實(shí)在的意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨(dú)立作謂語。行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。1. 及物動詞 及物動詞后一定要跟賓語，意思才能完整。如：My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.2. 不及物動詞 不及物動詞意義完整，不

23、需帶賓語，但如果有些不及物動詞非要帶賓語時，必須先加介詞后加賓語。如：He only worried about his daughter.3. 動詞短語 由兩個或兩個以上的單詞構(gòu)成一個短語，具有動詞的意義和功能，這樣的短語叫動詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個動詞。常見的有：類類 型型例例 詞詞類類 型型例例 詞詞不及物動不及物動詞詞+副詞副詞run out, get up動詞動詞+名詞名詞lose weight, take place不及物動不及物動詞詞+介詞介詞look for, care about動詞動詞+名詞名詞+介詞介詞take care of, make use of及物動詞及物動詞+副詞副詞

24、send up, put off動詞動詞+介詞介詞+名詞名詞keep in touch, learnby heart動詞動詞+副副詞詞+介詞介詞come up with, keep away frombe+形容詞形容詞+介詞介詞be proud of, be surprised at( ) 17.Smart phones are more and more popular now. So they are. But they still _ too much. A. payB. cost C. takeD. spend( ) 18. Steven, we should _ the bus at

25、 the next stop. A. get upB. get offC. get toD. get in 考點(diǎn)六 一般現(xiàn)在時 項(xiàng) 別表現(xiàn)形式例 句具體用法1、表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)He is twelve. She is at work.2、表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作He reads English every morning.3、表示主語具備的性格和能力She speaks French very well.4、普遍的真理和自然規(guī)律 The moon goes around the earth. 5、在時間狀語和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作Please call me as soon a

26、s you arrive in Paris.We will put off the sports meeting if it rains this week.項(xiàng)別項(xiàng)別表現(xiàn)形式表現(xiàn)形式例例 句句句型句型結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語肯定句：主語+ 動詞動詞原形原形+ 賓語賓語+其它其它 主語主語+動詞的單三動詞的單三形式形式+賓語賓語+其它其它We read English every morning.He does morning exercises at school.否定句：主語否定句：主語+ dont +V. + 賓語賓語+其其它它 主語主語+ doesnt +v.+ 賓語賓語+其它其它We do

27、nt read English every morning.He doesnt have breakfast every day.一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語主語+v.+其其它？它？ Do you read English every morning?Does your father go to work on foot?時間時間標(biāo)志標(biāo)志1. often, usually, always, sometimes 2. every +時間類時間類 如：如：every day/week/month3. on Sundays；once a week；twice a day；in the

28、 morning/evening/afternoon.注意：注意：often, usually, always在句子的位置：通常是在在句子的位置：通常是在be動詞之后，行為動詞之前。動詞之后，行為動詞之前。注意注意的問的問題題一般現(xiàn)在時當(dāng)中，當(dāng)句子主語時第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語一般現(xiàn)在時當(dāng)中，當(dāng)句子主語時第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單三形式。動詞用單三形式。beam/is/are ( ) 19. Alice likes doing housework. She _ her room every afternoon. A. cleans B. cleaned C. will clean D. has

29、cleaned( ) 20. Which teacher _ lessons_ to you every day? A. does；gives B. does； give C. do； give D. gives；/( ) 21. Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed( ) 22. Nobody _ how to run this machines. A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing考點(diǎn)七 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 項(xiàng)別項(xiàng)

30、別表現(xiàn)形式表現(xiàn)形式例例 句句具體具體用法用法表示現(xiàn)在（說話瞬間）正表示現(xiàn)在（說話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作 I am listening to my teacher.句型句型結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)1. 肯定句肯定句 主語主語+be(am/is/are ) +doing + 其它其它 We are watching TV now.2. 否定句否定句 主語主語+be not +doing + 其它其它 She isnt looking at you.3. 一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Be +主語主語+doing +其它？其它？ 回答：回答：Yes, 主語主語+be ；No, 主語主語+be not

31、.Are they doing their homework now? Yes, they are./ No, they arent.時間時間標(biāo)志標(biāo)志1. now; 2. Look, listen等提示語；等提示語； 3. these days； 4. at present； 5. at the moment6. these days； 7. from three to five； 8.上下文提上下文提示等示等( ) 23. Someone _ at the door. Can you open it? A. knocksB. knocked C. is knockingD. was knoc

32、king ( ) 24. Hello, Betty! What are you doing now? I _ on the Great Wall of China. Ill send them to you later. A. will take pictures B. am taking pictures C. was taking pictures D. take pictures( ) 25.Where is your father? He _ the World Cup in the living room.A. is watching B. watches C. watched D.

33、 will watch( ) 26. Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river. A. am carrying B. is carrying C. are carrying D. are carried 考點(diǎn)八 一般將來時項(xiàng)別項(xiàng)別表現(xiàn)形式表現(xiàn)形式例例 句句具體具體用法用法表示在將來某一時間發(fā)生的表示在將來某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)動作或存在的狀態(tài)I believe my dream will come true one day.句型句型結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)1. 肯定句肯定句 主語主語 + will + v. + 其它其它主語主語 +

34、be going to + v. +其它其它She will be 42 years old next year. She is going to fly a kite this Sunday .2. 否定句否定句 主語主語 + wont + v. + 其它其它主語主語 + be(not) going to + v. +其它其它The train wont arrive on time.Im not going to play soccer after school.1. 一般疑問句一般疑問句 Will +主語主語 + v. + 其它其它?Be+主語主語+going to + v. +其它其它

35、?Will you take part in the sports meeting?There is going to be an English speech contest.時間時間標(biāo)志標(biāo)志1.tomorrow/the day after tomorrow 2. next + 時間時間 3. this+星期星期 4. in/on +將來時間將來時間 如：如：in 2016，on May 1st 201,8. 5.soon, right away等等注意注意的問的問題題有些短暫性動詞可以用進(jìn)行時表示將來，如：有些短暫性動詞可以用進(jìn)行時表示將來，如： come , go, leave, arr

36、ive, start等。等。 She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 她明天要去上海。她明天要去上海。( ) 27. Im busy now. I _ to you after school this afternoon. A. talkB. talked C. will talkD. have talked ( ) 28. Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _ a speech there in two days. A. givesB. gave C. will giveD. has given( ) 29. Look

37、 at those clouds. It _ soon, Im afraid. A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. wont rain( ) 30. Be careful. The train _. A. will come B. cameC. comes D. is coming考點(diǎn)九- 一般過去式項(xiàng)別表現(xiàn)形式例 句具體用法表示在過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He got up late and missed the early bus this morning.The little boy was born in 200

38、7.句型結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句 主語+was/were+其它主語+動詞的過去式+賓語+其它They were in the classroom just now.We played soccer last night.否定句 主語+ wasnt/werent +其它主語+ didnt + v.+賓語+其它They werent in the classroom just now.We didnt play soccer last night.一般疑問句 Was/Were+主語+其它？Did+主語+ v. +賓語+其它？Were they in the classroom just now?Did you

39、play soccer last night?時間標(biāo)志1. yesterday類; 2.last +時間類; 3. 時間段+ago類；4. in/on +過去時間 如：in 2008；on May 1st 2012等注意的問題be動詞的過去為 was/were( ) 31. I_tennis with my cousin every day when I was in America. A. play B. played C. had played D. has played( ) 32. The teacher is already standing here. Do you know wh

40、en she _? A. comesB. came C. is coming D. was coming ( ) 33. I suppose you are at least 60 years old. Thank you. Im glad you _ that. My real age is 62. A. say B. said C. are saying D. were saying( ) 34. Are you going anywhere? I _ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind. A. think B. hav

41、e thought C. will think D. thought考點(diǎn)十 過去進(jìn)行時項(xiàng) 別表現(xiàn)形式例 句具體用法過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某一時間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。My mother was cooking when I came back home last Friday.句型結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句 主語+was/were +doing +其它 I was watching TV when you called me.否定句 主語+was/were not +doing +其它 I wasnt doing housework at 7 yesterday.一般疑問句Was/Were +主語+doing

42、+其它 Was it snowing at this time yesterday? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt .時間標(biāo)志at that time, then, at this time +過去類的時間 如：at this time last year at +點(diǎn)鐘+過去類的時間 如：at five yesterday, when/while引導(dǎo)的表示過去時間的從句注意的問題when 和while用法上的區(qū)別（詳見連詞考點(diǎn)三的第3點(diǎn)）( ) 35. I saw Ken in the meeting room, he _ Joe for the school mag

43、azine. A. interviews B. interviewed C. has interviewed D. was interviewing ( ) 36.What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon? I _ the classroom. A. was cleaningB. have cleanedC. will cleanD. clean( ) 37. When they_ through the forest, a bear _ at them.A. walked； was comi

44、ng B. were walking； cameC. were walking； comes D. walk；is coming( ) 38. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kate.A. did；made B. was doing；madeC. was doing； was making D. did； was making考點(diǎn)十一 現(xiàn)在完成時 項(xiàng)別表現(xiàn)形式例 句具體用法1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have had lunch already.2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始的某一動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還

45、會持續(xù)下去The film has been on for ten minutes.句型結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語have /has + P.P. I have already had lunch.否定句：主語havent /hasnt +P.P. I havent had lunch yet.疑問句： Have/Has +主語+ P.P. Have you had lunch yet?時間標(biāo)志1. already (否定yet) 2. ever (否定never) 3. just 4. before 5. for+段時間 6. since+時間點(diǎn) 7. since+時間段+ago 8. so far

46、注意的問題1. have been to, have gone to, have been in的用法詳見第一模塊常用詞匯用法辨析第36組；2. already, yet, still用法詳見見第一模塊常用詞匯用法辨析第2組。( ) 39. How time flies! Three years _since I _ you last time. A. have passed; metB. has passed; metC. passed; have met D. passed；met( ) 40. Have you finished using my dictionary?Yes, I pu

47、t it back on your desk just now. Who _ it away? A. will takeB. is taking C. took D. has taken( ) 41. He _ in this factory for 20 years already. A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working( ) 42. Jim isnt in the classroom. Where is he now? He _ the library. A. will go to B. has been to C. has gone to D. goes to【特別關(guān)注】延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞。1. 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作。如：learn, work, stand, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。如：You can keep the book for 5 days. 這本書你能借5天。I stayed there for 2 weeks la