必修四GrammarV-ing作表、定、補語

1、GrammarV-ingV-ing form as attributive, form as attributive, predicative, and complementpredicative, and complementby Wang Zhengju2011, 6,1Learning about language 1. Look at the reading passage again to find words and expressions that mean the same. Checking homeworkboreastonishmenthumourperformer/ p

2、erformancecontent contentment fortuneVerb Noun performhumourastonishboreNoun Verb charmentertainment charmentertainbored, boringastonishing/ astonishedhumorousperforming contented, content fortunateAdverb Adjective fortunatelycontentedlyhumorouslyastonishinglyboringlyAdjective Adverb charmingenterta

3、iningcharminglyentertainingly In the 1990s, Mr. Bean became a star using mime to highlight difficult social situations much as Charlie Chaplin had done. His method of acting was to appear _, look around and then do exactly the wrong thing. Children particularly would burst into _ at his behavior. He

4、 always managed to _ those things that people are uncertainlaughterpick out 2. Answer key for Exercise 2.afraid of doing because they do not want to appear a social _. On one occasion in a restaurant he ordered a steak tartare. When the uncooked meat arrived he was _ by shame because he could not ea

5、t it. He _ a piece of meat and pretended to _ a mouthful but instead put it into the plant pot beside him. He put other pieces into his pocket. failureovercomecut offchew _ the meal he seemed to show great _in his food. He was such an _ performer that when he finished eating his dinner, the waiter o

6、ffered him the same dish again at no extra _!ThroughoutenjoymentoutstandingchargeRevision-ing形式作主語和賓語的用法形式作主語和賓語的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. 吸煙會致癌。吸煙會致癌。 對他說話等于對牛彈琴。對他說話等于對牛彈琴。Smoking may cause cancer 3. 散步是我唯一的運動。散步是我唯一的運動。 4. Talkin

7、g mends no holes. 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. Walking is my sole exercise（諺）空談無濟于事。（諺）空談無濟于事。我建議結(jié)束會議。我建議結(jié)束會議。6. He admitted taking the money. 7. 我禁不住笑了起來。我禁不住笑了起來。8. 教室需要重新粉刷。教室需要重新粉刷。 他承認錢是他拿的。他承認錢是他拿的。 I couldnt help laughing.The classroom needs painting again 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞是動詞的一種非

8、限現(xiàn)在分詞是動詞的一種非限定形式，主要起定形式，主要起形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞的的作用，在句子中作作用，在句子中作定語定語，表語表語，狀語狀語， 或或補語補語。 The students came into the classroom, laughing and talking. 學(xué)生們有說有笑地走進教室。學(xué)生們有說有笑地走進教室。 Laughing和和talking都是作狀語都是作狀語 I heard him singing in the room last night. 昨昨晚我聽他在房間唱歌。晚我聽他在房間唱歌。 singing 在句中作賓語的補語，和賓語一起構(gòu)在句中作賓語的補語，和賓語

9、一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。成復(fù)合賓語。 This is an amusing story. 這是一個有趣的故事。這是一個有趣的故事。amusing在句中作定語在句中作定語 The book is interesting. 這本書很有趣。這本書很有趣。intseresting作表語作表語 動名詞也是動詞的另一種非動名詞也是動詞的另一種非限定形式，故名思義，它既源限定形式，故名思義，它既源于動詞，又具有名詞的功能，于動詞，又具有名詞的功能，因此，它在句子中起因此，它在句子中起名詞名詞的作的作用，可單獨或引起短詞（動名用，可單獨或引起短詞（動名詞短語）用作詞短語）用作主語主語，表語表語，賓賓語語。 Lear

10、ning a foreign language well is no easy job.學(xué)好一門外語并非一件容易的事情。學(xué)好一門外語并非一件容易的事情。動名詞短語動名詞短語learning a foreign language well在句中作主語。在句中作主語。 My favourite sport is skating。 我最喜歡的運動是溜冰。我最喜歡的運動是溜冰。 動名詞動名詞 skating 在句中作表語在句中作表語 Have you finished correcting the students paper? 學(xué)生的卷子改完沒有？學(xué)生的卷子改完沒有？動名詞動名詞 correctin

11、g 作動詞作動詞finish的賓語的賓語 We had better put off discussing it till next week.我們最好把這事推遲到下最期討論。我們最好把這事推遲到下最期討論。動名詞動名詞 discussing作介詞作介詞off的賓語的賓語V-ing 形式作定語形式作定語, 賓語補足語和表語的用法賓語補足語和表語的用法一、一、V-ing形式作定語形式作定語 1. 單個單個V-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的作詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如

12、：作或狀態(tài)。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 飲用水飲用水a(chǎn) walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room = a room for reading 閱覽室閱覽室a writing desk = a desk for writing 寫字臺寫字臺 tiring music = music that is tiring 煩人的音樂煩人的音樂 a surprising result = a

13、 result that is surprising 一個驚人的結(jié)果一個驚人的結(jié)果 2. V-ing形式短語作定語時形式短語作定語時, 放在所修放在所修飾的名詞之后飾的名詞之后, 并且在意思上相當于一并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。如：個定語從句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他們住在一間面朝街的房子。他們住在一間面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is st

14、anding there is Peters father. 站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都會被罰款。會被罰款。 3. V-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，相當于一個非限制性定語從句，語，相當于一個非限制性定語從句，這時，它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。這時，它與句子其他部分用逗號分

15、開。如：如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那個當教師的哥哥住在北京。他那個當教師的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of

16、fruit. 那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。二、二、-ing形式作賓語補足語形式作賓語補足語 1. V-ing形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作，面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作，強調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。如：強調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 當我們回到學(xué)校時當我們回到學(xué)校時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在大門口。在大門口。 We fou

17、nd the snake eating the eggs. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板讓工人整夜地工作。那老板讓工人整夜地工作。 2. 能用能用V-ing形式作賓形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞語補足語的幾類動詞能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的常見動詞能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的常見動詞有這些：有這些：make, let、have, look at, see, w

18、atch、hear, listen to, notice, feel, keep, find , get“三讓、三看、兩聽、注意感覺三讓、三看、兩聽、注意感覺,一直找一直找(就就)得到得到”。多簡單！多簡單！1) 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。等。如：如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can

19、 you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如： I wont have you doing that. This sets me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you wai

20、ting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我決不會做那種事了。你看吧，我決不會做那種事了。 3. see, hear, feel, watch等動詞之后用等動詞之后用V-ing形形式和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別：式和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別： I passed by the classroom and saw the students having an English class. （走過教室的剎那間，看見學(xué)生正在上英（走過教室的剎那間，看見學(xué)生正在上英語課）語課） 前者表

21、示動作正在進行，而后者表示前者表示動作正在進行，而后者表示（或強調(diào)）動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如（或強調(diào)）動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如: We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我們坐了一個小時，看老師做實驗。我們坐了一個小時，看老師做實驗。 （一個小時之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實驗）（一個小時之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實驗） 如果賓語補足語是短暫性動詞，動詞不定如果賓語補足語是短暫性動詞，動詞不定式表示一次動作，式表示一次動作， 而而V-ing形式則表示反復(fù)動形式則表示反復(fù)動作。如：作。如： We heard the door

22、slam. We heard the door slamming. ( (反復(fù)動作反復(fù)動作) )( (一次動作一次動作) ) 三、三、V-ing形式作表語形式作表語 V-ing形式作表語時放在系動詞之后，形式作表語時放在系動詞之后，用來泛指某種動作或行為，以說明主用來泛指某種動作或行為，以說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。如：語的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。如： Her hobby is painting. 她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。 His concern for

23、his mother is most touching. 他對母親的關(guān)愛很感人。他對母親的關(guān)愛很感人。 The movie is very interesting. 這電影很有趣。這電影很有趣。Exercises Point out the usage of the ing form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? sliding, bump

24、ing, falling 作賓語補足語作賓語補足語 2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介詞作介詞for的的_ including作作_賓語賓語狀語狀語 3. But he was lived by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.

25、 overcoming作作_介詞賓語介詞賓語 4. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作作_ 5. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作作_定語定語介詞賓語介詞賓語 6. Their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作作_ 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eat

26、ing 作作_表語表語賓語賓語 Explain the following phrases in simple English.a sleeping baga sleeping boy a drinking cup a drinking horse A bag for sleepingA boy that is sleepingA cup fordrinkingA horse that is drinkinga dancing halla dancing girl a cooking pot a moving storyA hall for dancingA girl that is danc

27、ingA pot for cooking A story that is movinga washing machineA terrifying soundan operating table an inspiring leader A machine for washingA sound that is terrifyingA table for operatingA leader who is inspiringastonish, depress， play, do, ride, amuse, bark, welcome Choose the suitable words from the

28、 box below and fill in the blanks in the correct form. 1. I cant imagine Billy _ a motorbike. riding 2. Did you hear the dog downstairs _ for most of the night? 3. Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. They keep us _ for hours. 4. You cant stop me _ what I want. 5. He gave me a _ hug when he me

29、t me at the airport. barkingamuseddoingwelcoming 6. Jim has really learnt very fast. She has made _ progress. 7. Its been raining all day. This weather is _. 8. When I came out of the theatre, I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the street. astonishingdepressingplaying Please

30、read the sentences carefully, trying to pick out the errors and then correct them. 1. I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week. visiting 2. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter. 3. We are all fond of Charlies early films, which we th

31、ink are more interested. burst interesting 4. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day. 5. I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight. seeingseeing 6. Charlies job was entertain people, wasnt he? entertaining 從從 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出可以四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。填入空白處的

32、最佳選項。 1. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait3. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4.

33、A phone call sent him _ to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurryD. hurried5. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 6. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 7. There are lots

34、of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. need to be repaired 8. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleep

35、ing D. to fly; to sleep 9. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 10. As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired 11. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave12. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lai