基礎(chǔ)英語2(主編何兆熊)Unit2TheVirtuesofGrowingOlder課后練習(xí)答案

1、基礎(chǔ)英語2第二單元答案Unit 2 The Virtues of Growing OlderText comprehension I. CII. 1 F; 2 F; 3 F; 4 T; 5 T.III. 1. Worshiping youth and fearing growing old. To delay the effects of aging with cosmetics and physical exercises.2. Three. Less concern for ones appearance; less uncertainty about the unknowns in th

2、e future; surer self-identity.3. Feel uncertain about what will happen to them and what they should do.4. Use contrast structure “Being young means/ It means” and “I now/ I no longer”5. The writer learns the significance that the newer (younger) is not necessarily better, and she can be happier than

3、 before as she grows older.IV. 1. Women are less capable of resisting the temptation the temptation of fashion than men.2. Make friends with different people in order to find a new identity for yourself.Structural analysis of the text1. See III 2.2. Paragraph 3: the last sentence; Paragraph 4: the s

4、econd sentence; Paragraph 5: the first sentence.Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesPart one. Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase practice1. are apt to= are likely to 易于，有的傾向e.g. Infants are apt to put their hands into their mouths. 嬰兒愛把手往嘴里塞。2. fall apart= break up / disintegrate3. in general= as a whole

5、 通常，大體上；總的來說，從總體上看e.g. In general, this companys products are very reliable. 這家公司的產(chǎn)品通常是很可靠的。 In general, this paper is a bit difficult for these students to finish in an hour. 總的來說，讓學(xué)生在一個小時內(nèi)完成這份試卷有些困難。4. at the mercy of= powerless against; completely controlled by 對無能為力；任處置，任由擺布e.g. Some people are

6、born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. 有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人則覺得他們受到命運(yùn)的支配。I dont want to put myself at the mercy of others. 我不希望任由他人擺布。5. no wonder= not surprising / only too natural 不足為奇，并不奇怪e.g. It is no wonder that it is so wet in t

7、he south. 南方這么潮濕，并不奇怪。No wonder youre so tired, youve worked three hours without a break. 難怪你這么累，你已經(jīng)連續(xù)工作了三個小時。 It is no wonder that he failed his final exam. 他沒能通過期末考試，這是不足為怪的。II.1. delay; 2. Feverishly; 3. faade; 4. confronted; 5. premise; 6. dreaded; 7. automatically; 8. awaiting.III. Word derivat

8、ionFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. She has got this obsessive (obsess) fear of losing control, so she never shows her emotions.2. People under a lot of stress at work will often experience moodiness (mood), irritability and a loss of confidence.3. They wanted a to

9、lerable (tolerate) existence more food, better shelter, and peace.4. In the end, the company and its investors came to a mutually beneficial (benefit) arrangement.5. Working with the mentally handicapped can be a satisfying (satisfy) and rewarding experience.6. Frogs can search for food underwater,

10、hidden (hide) from birds of prey.7. When I asked her about where she wanted the meeting to be held, she didnt express any particular preference (prefer).8. The committee has made four specific criticisms (critical) of the governments transportation policy.1. obsess v. （使）牽掛，（使）惦念，（使）著迷 obsessed a. 著

11、迷的obsession n. 困擾，沉迷，著魔 obsessive a. 著迷的，強(qiáng)迫性的，分神的e.g. 愛麗絲被一個她剛剛認(rèn)識的男孩迷住了。Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.他一直想要找到他的父親，但是最近這變成了一種狂熱。Hes always wanted to find his father but recently its become an obsession.2. mood n. 心情，情緒 moody a. 易怒的，喜怒無常的，情緒化的moodiness n. 憂郁e.g. 我每個星期日情緒都很壞。I am always

12、in a bad mood on Sunday.我的妻子在醫(yī)院里心情不好。My wife is moody at the hospital.3. tolerate v. 容忍，忍受 tolerable a. 可容忍的tolerant a. 寬容的，容忍的e.g. 她能忍受寒冷的天氣。She can tolerate the cold days.這種炎熱的天氣在夜晚可以忍受。The heat was tolerable at night.4. benefit n. 利益；津貼 beneficial a. 有益的，有利的beneficiary n. 受惠者，受益人e.g. 這項(xiàng)工程對每個人都大有好

13、處。This project is of great benefit to everyone.新鮮空氣有益于健康。Fresh air is beneficial to our health.她的丈夫是她遺囑的主要受益人。Her husband is the chief beneficiary of her will.5. satisfy v. 使?jié)M意，滿足 satisfaction n. 滿意satisfactory a. 令人滿意的e.g. 觀賞一幅美麗的圖畫使人心滿意足。Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfactio

14、n.她對現(xiàn)狀根本不滿意。She is not at all satisfied with the present situation.6. hide v. 隱藏，隱瞞 hiding n. 隱藏，躲藏hidden a. 隱藏的，秘密的e.g. 她設(shè)法不表露自己的感情。She tried to hide her feelings.警察正在追趕藏匿起來的殺人犯。The police are following a murderer whos in hiding.7. prefer v. 較喜歡；寧可 preferable a. 更好的，更合意的preference n. 偏愛，優(yōu)先，喜愛物 pref

15、erential a. 優(yōu)先的；優(yōu)惠的e.g. 我更喜歡牛奶，而不是咖啡。I prefer milk to coffee.我父親感到在鄉(xiāng)村生活比在城市生活要好些。My father finds country life preferable to living in the city.對于求職者，我們優(yōu)先考慮有一定經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.8. critical a. 批評的；決定性的，關(guān)鍵的 critic n. 批評家，評論家criticism n

16、. 批評，評論 criticize v. 批評；非難e.g. 他的行為招致尖銳的批評。His behavior called forth sharp criticism.他批評了我的冒險活動。He criticized my taking risks.IV.1. C; 2. D; 3. A; 4. A; 5. B; 6. D; 7. C; 8. B.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Advertis

17、ements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair.Synonym: conceal, disguise2. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big.Antonym: narrow3. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next perhaps even better p

18、hase of my life.Synonym: satisfaction, happiness, joy4. The Virtues of Growing OlderSynonym: merits, advantages5. My rounded figure seems fine, and I dont deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood.Synonym: fat, plump6. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins and drank a half-doz

19、en milk shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal.Synonym: well-built7. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style.Antonym: old-fashioned, outdated8. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but

20、 I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out.Synonym: clearly, evidentlyVI. Prefix Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. preface prepare 5. periphery perimeter 2. prologue progress 6. dialogue diameter 3

21、. foresight foresee 7. semifinal semiconductor 4. paralysis parallel 8. devaluate decelerate 1. Explanation: pre- : before someone or somethinge.g. prewar, precondition, precaution, prediction2. Explanation: pro- : beforee.g. proceed, procession, provision3. Explanation: fore- : before or in the fro

22、nt ofe.g. foreword, foretell, forecast, forehead4. Explanation: para- :on one sidee.g. paragraph, parallel5. Explanation: per- : surroundinge.g. periodic, period6. Explanation: dia- : pass through between sth.e.g. dialectic, diagram, diagnosis7. Explanation: semi-: half or partlye.g. semicircle, sem

23、i-final, semi-skilled8. Explanation: de-: reducee.g. declass, degrade, deducePart Two Grammar Exercises1. concrete nouns & abstract nounsConcrete nouns are words we use for people, places, or things that we can observe with at least one of our five senses. The abstract class is the opposite we can n

24、ever experience these nouns according to our senses.While this distinction is sometimes useful, the boundary between concrete and abstract is not always clear. Some nouns can be used as uncountable nouns when they refer to a thing in general and countable nouns when they refer to a particular instan

25、ce of it, consider, for example, the noun art, which usually refers to a concept:e. g. Art is an important element of human culture.But it can refer to a specific artwork in certain contexts:e.g. I put my daughters art up on the fridge.This is the problem of context within sentences.I. Complete the

26、following sentences with the appropriate forms of the nouns given.1. agony.2. agonies.3. experience.4. experiences.5. youth.6. a youth.7. My children are _a great help_ to me. (great, help)8. The boy had _a good knowledge_ of mathematics. (good, knowledge)9. a gray hair10. He is looking for _work_.

27、(work)II. 1 A; 2 B; 3 D; 4 C; 5 A; 6 B; 7 B; 8 C.III. a lot of; a little; some; a few; A; some; some; a lot of; X.many; X; a lot of.2. quantifiers & determiners (every, each, everyone, every one, all)Each and every have similar but not always identical meanings.each = every one separatelyevery = eac

28、h, allSometimes, each and every have the same meaning:e. g. Prices go up each year.Prices go up every year.But often they are not exactly the same.Each expresses the idea of “one by one”. It emphasizes individuality.e. g. Each artist sees things differently.Every is half-way between each and all. It

29、 sees things or people as singular, but in a group or in general.e. g. Every soldier saluted as the President arrived.Each can be used in front of the verb:e. g. The soldiers each received a medal.Each can be followed by “of”:e. g. The President spoke to each of the soldiers.Every cannot be used for

30、 two things while each can:e. g. He was carrying a suitcase in each hand.Every is used to say how often something happens:e. g. There is a plane to Bangkok every day.Everyone means “everybody” and is used when you want to refer to all the people in a group:e. g. Everyone in my family likes spaghetti

31、.But if youre referring to the individuals who make up a group, then the phrase is every one. “Each and every one” you should never substitute everyone, for everyone as singular or plural:e.g. We wish each and every one of you a Merry Christmas.All is more often used with plural verb forms, though s

32、ometimes it is used with singular verbs. However, if we wish to specify the things or people under discussion, we can use all or all of with nouns and pronouns and the correspondingly correct singular or plural verb forms.e. g. Has all (of) the cake been eaten?Have all (of) the presents been distrib

33、uted?All of us are going to Sams party next week. Were all going.IV. Complete the following with every, each, everyone, every one or all.1. all; Every one; Every.A: He had eaten _ the biscuits.B: What? _?A: _ single one.2. The pavement on _ side was crowded with neat smiling people. each; 3. Every;

34、4. each; 5. Everyone. The girl is very popular. _ likes her.6. Each; 7. everyone; everyone; 8. Each.3. dangling participlesDangling participles is a participle that is not grammatically linked to the word it is intended to modify. In “Driving down the street, the house came into view,” “driving” is

35、a dangling participle. Though they are not rare in speech, dangling participles are avoided in formal writing because of the possibility of misunderstanding.e. g. The burglar was about 30 years old, white, 510, with wavy hair weighing about 150 pounds.If properly installed, you shouldnt be able to o

36、pen the door without first pressing the safety button.V. Correct errors in the following sentences.1. When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots.you must take care2. Though received late at night, he started to work on the document immediately.Though he received the docu

37、ment work on it.3. Falling we thought. - When he fell4. Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.When you read5. what he meant became clear to me - I became clear about what he meant6. Shining in the sky we saw the first star.We saw the first star shining in the sky.7. The teach

38、er walked behind the kids eating their lunches.who were eating8. While cleaning his gun, it went off unexpectedly.he was cleaningVI.1. As long asAs long as you are healthy, nothing can devastate you.2. ObviouslyObviously, enlarging your vocabulary is essential.3. neithernorNeither poverty nor failur

39、e frustrated the industrious student.Part ThreeI.1許多中年人去健身房鍛煉，到街上跑步，為的是延緩衰老。2青年人最不穩(wěn)定的因素就是，他們對價值觀、人生目標(biāo)和夢想還猶豫不定。3鎮(zhèn)上開會我可以大膽發(fā)言，在商店里購物我也敢投訴，因?yàn)槲也辉俸ε氯藗儠ξ?，也不再渴望人人都喜歡我。4我不再因?yàn)樽约簜€性方面的缺陷責(zé)怪父母，也不會對他們在養(yǎng)育我的過程中所犯的種種過失耿耿于懷。II. Translation exercises1. 如今很多愛慕虛榮的年輕人，盡管還不富裕，但卻迷上了漂亮的小汽車。（vain, be obsessed with）Translatio

40、n:Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them.Practice:1）被工作迷了心竅的人和酒鬼、吸毒者或慣賭都一樣癮頭很大。The man who is obsessed with his job is just as hooked as the alcoholic, the junkie, or the compulsive gambler.2）你們這一代可能會因?yàn)楦星殛P(guān)系的頻繁變化而產(chǎn)生困擾。Your

41、 generation may seem to be obsessed with relationships that change continually.2當(dāng)他的婚外戀被妻子發(fā)現(xiàn)后，他們的婚姻終于破裂了。（affair, fall apart）Translation:Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife.3那位藝術(shù)家為了獲得創(chuàng)作的靈感，在農(nóng)村住了三年，放棄了生活上的許多享受。(inspiration, deny oneself someth

42、ing)Translation:For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life.4我不知道明天去崇明島的遠(yuǎn)足活動能不能成行，因?yàn)檫@要取決于會不會下雨。(excursion, at the mercy of)Translation:Im not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is at the merc

43、y of the weather.5他早年到日本學(xué)醫(yī)，回國后卻改變了主意，一輩子從事文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。(pursue)Translation:When he was young he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned to China he changed his mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life.6她最近和足以做她父親的老頭好上了，這使她父母感到非常丟臉。（take up with, disgrace）Translation:Shes taken up wi

44、th a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to her parents.Practice:1）她的父母很不明白她為什么會和一個失業(yè)的男演員交往。Her parents could not understand why she had taken up with an unemployed actor.2）有名望有權(quán)勢的男人似乎對“保姆型”的女人情有獨(dú)鐘，如秘書、助手和乘務(wù)員等等。Powerful men seem to take up with the young women whose job was to tend

45、to them and care for them in some way: their secretaries, assistants, flight attendants, etc.71978年以來，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展神速，相比之下，一些發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)反而滑坡了。（witness, contrast）Translation:Since 1978, our economy has witnessed a rapid development; in contrast that of some developed countries has declined. Practice:1）謝謝你和我分享中國

46、的故事，我會再來中國見證她的變化。Thanks for talking and sharing Chinas story with me. I will return to China and witness all its happenings.2）“十一”之前我肯定能回到中國，我個人也愿意見證中國的歡騰時刻。I am sure to come back to China before October 1st. Personally I would like to witness the important gala of China.8地震切斷了這個城市和外界的聯(lián)系。人們的食品供應(yīng)也許挨不

47、過冬天了。（hold out）Translation:The earthquake isolated this city from other areas. Im afraid their food supplies will not hold out through the winter.Practice:1）如果供給品充裕的話，我們將在此繼續(xù)露營一個星期。If our supplies hold out, we will camp here for another week.2）那位飛行員說，因?yàn)槿狈θ剂?，他只能再堅持一小時，然后就不得不把飛機(jī)降落在水面上。The pilot said h

48、e could hold out for another hour before he would have to ditch the plane because of lack of fuel.VI Writing PracticeParagraph development the topic sentenceA topic sentence is a statement of the controlling idea that the rest of the paragraph clarifies, exemplifies, or supports. It is usually the m

49、ost general statement of the paragraph but meanwhile specific enough so that it can be fully developed in a single paragraph. A good topic sentence promises what is to come.A good topic sentence has three characteristics: it includes a topic and a controlling idea; it is limited; and it lends itself to development.Exercise 1. Write a topic sentence to sum up the following details.Set A1. Denver, Colorado, is named for James Denver, a soldier and admin