英語(yǔ)句子成分分析

1、.1英語(yǔ)句子成分講座主語(yǔ)句子一般要有主語(yǔ)。在簡(jiǎn)單句中，主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ)) 來(lái)充當(dāng)。動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)。名詞作主語(yǔ)English is very important. 英語(yǔ)是很重要的。The students all love their English teacher. 這些學(xué)生都愛(ài)他們的英語(yǔ)老師。代詞作主語(yǔ)They go to school by bus. 他們乘公共汽車上學(xué)。Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)自農(nóng)村。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Watching TV to

2、o much is bad for your eyes. 看電視太多對(duì)你的眼睛是有害的。Its no use regretting it. 后悔是無(wú)用的。動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很難。2.英語(yǔ)句子成分講座謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)必須由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，但動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能作謂語(yǔ)?？勺髦^語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般為行為動(dòng)詞(表動(dòng)作)和連系動(dòng)詞(表狀態(tài))，行為動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語(yǔ)，又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)

3、該互相幫助。They respect one another. 他們互相尊重(對(duì)方)。All of the students like the novel. 所有這些學(xué)生都喜歡這本小說(shuō)。Did you see many people there? 你在那兒看見(jiàn)許多人了嗎?不及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)He left here yesterday. 他昨天離開(kāi)這兒。Youre driving too fast. 你開(kāi)車開(kāi)得太快了。The teacher came in, book in hand. 老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著書。He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于

4、1988年9月出國(guó)。連系動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài)He is an excellent teacher. 他是位優(yōu)秀的教師。Her son is a friend of ours. 她的兒子是我們的朋友。Ours is a great country. 我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家。The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。3.英語(yǔ)句子成分講座表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)與連系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份或特征，一般由形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如：They are brother and sister. 他們是兄妹。What I want to say is th

5、is. 我想說(shuō)的就是這點(diǎn)。Her father is sixty-five. 她父親65歲。John is captain of the team. 約翰是足球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。The poor boy was myself. 那個(gè)可憐的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我們自己。All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需從機(jī)場(chǎng)打個(gè)的即可。My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。4.英語(yǔ)句子成分講座賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是

6、行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，一般可分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或整個(gè)句子。如：I like Chinese food. 我喜歡中國(guó)菜。I bought a ticket for Milan. 我買了一張去米蘭的車票。I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你談話很高興。Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了嗎?He certainly did not want to join them. 他確實(shí)不想?yún)⒓铀麄兊幕顒?dòng)。They decided to close the border. 他們決定封閉邊境。We hoped t

7、hat all would come well. 我們希望一切都會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我們預(yù)計(jì)你會(huì)待幾天的。5.英語(yǔ)句子成分講座定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)為句子的次要成分，起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用，可分為前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(短語(yǔ)) 或句子充當(dāng)。His father is a doctor. 他父親是一名醫(yī)生。Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有兩個(gè)兒子。The girl under the tree is Kate. 在樹(shù)底下的那個(gè)女孩

8、是凱特。The man downstairs couldnt sleep well. 樓下的那個(gè)人不能睡好覺(jué)。I bought a new dictionary. 我買了本新字典。Can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案嗎？Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的東西嗎？A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之將死，其言也善。The suggestion sent

9、to the committee was adopted. 送往委員會(huì)的建議被采納了。Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你認(rèn)識(shí)站在格林先生旁邊的那個(gè)人嗎？6.英語(yǔ)句子成分講座狀語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，主要由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞充當(dāng)，或由連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、目的、方式，比較、讓步、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨等。(1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。Hearing the news, they f

10、elt very excited. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們感到很興奮。Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿著這條街走直到到達(dá)盡頭為止。(2) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Pandas only live in China. 熊貓僅生活在中國(guó)。You should put the book where it was. 你應(yīng)該把這本書放回原來(lái)的地方。(3) 程度狀語(yǔ)I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相當(dāng)多的工作要做。(4) 目的狀語(yǔ)Well go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 這

11、個(gè)星期天我們將去沙灘野炊。He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他從口袋里掏出一些零錢來(lái)買報(bào)紙。She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能夠趕上這輛早班車。(5) 方式狀語(yǔ)We usually go to school on foot. 我們通常步行去上學(xué)。Please do it as I told you. 請(qǐng)按我告訴你的去做。(6) 讓步狀語(yǔ)Though she has a lot of money, she is unhap

12、py. 雖然她很有錢，而她并不幸福。No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么，我將決不失去信心。(7) 條件狀語(yǔ)If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the others. 假如你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將落后于別人。Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果給予更多的關(guān)心的話，這些花將長(zhǎng)得更好。(8) 比較狀語(yǔ)Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表與我的不一樣。Mike

13、 is not as (so) tall as Jack. 邁克不及杰克高。(9) 原因狀語(yǔ)We didnt go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天氣不好，我們沒(méi)有去公園。Im glad to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你我很高興。Being ill, he didnt go to school. 由于病了，他沒(méi)有去上學(xué)。(10) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 風(fēng)是如此地猛烈，以致于我們寸步難行。He left early, so that he c

14、aught the train. 他早早地離去，(結(jié)果) 因此趕上了火車。(11) 伴隨狀語(yǔ)The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 這位醫(yī)生匆匆離去，胳膊下夾著一個(gè)藥箱子。The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老師進(jìn)到教室里來(lái)，后面跟著一群學(xué)生。7.英語(yǔ)句子成分講座賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如：Tom foun

15、d the climb quite easy. 湯姆覺(jué)得爬山很容易。Dont be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要這樣正規(guī)，叫我吉姆好了。Im finished. Lets go now. 我已干完，咱們走吧。You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干凈。I have the car waiting. 我讓汽車等著。We had the machine repaired. 我們請(qǐng)人修理了機(jī)器。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你為什么不理發(fā)? He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄傷了。I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多工作要做。She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足夠的衣服穿。He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重講一遍。Rain makes plant