主動形式表被動含義

1、主動形式表被動含義1. f eel, taste, sound, smell, look 等感官動詞和 keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, prove 等表示狀態(tài)的系動詞后接形容詞 /名詞/介詞短語或“ to be + 形容詞 （名詞） ”作表語 時(shí), 這些動詞常常以主動形式表示被動含義，此時(shí)句子的主語是被感知或描述的對象。 例如 :Silk feels very soft.絲綢摸上去很柔軟What you said sounded a bit reasonable.你說的聽起來有點(diǎn)道理The little baby looks like a small cat

2、.這嬰兒看上去像只小貓My room keeps clean all the time.我的房間一直 （ 被） 保持得很干凈Einstein s theory later proved （to be） true.愛因斯坦的理論后來 （ 被 ） 證明是正確的2. wash, write, wear, sell, read, dry, clean, run, open等動詞作謂語時(shí)，常可用主動形式表示被動含義，注意 : 這類動詞往往與 easily, well, badly, smoothly等副詞連用，表示主語的屬性特征。例如 :This kind of cloth washes easily.

3、這種布很好洗。Food of this kind sells well.這種食品很好賣。Nylon cleans easily 尼龍容易洗干凈。The coat dries easily這種外衣容易干。3. take place, happen, hang, measure, weigh等描述狀態(tài)的不及物動詞和短語動詞可以用主動形式表示被動含義。例如 :Great changes have taken place in our school in the last 5 years.過去 5 年里我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。The hen weighs 3 kg.這只母雞 3 公斤重。His fa

4、mily photo hangs highly between the two windows. 他的全家福 （照片）高高地 （被）掛在兩個窗戶之間。4. 與 can t/won t/hardly/never 等連用的不及物動詞 , 如 open, shut, move, lock 等, ?？捎弥鲃有问奖硎颈粍雍x。例如 :The door won t open. 這門就是不能 （ 被 ） 打開。The glass never moves!這個杯子永遠(yuǎn)都不能動。5. wear, blow, fly 等一些 不及物動詞 用于“主語 + 謂語 + （to be） +形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí) , 可用主動形

5、式表示被動含義。例如:The trousers have worn old.褲子已經(jīng)穿舊了。The window blew open. 窗戶被吹開了。6. need, require, want 等表示“需要”意義的動詞 , 后接動詞的 -ing 的主動形式往 往表示被動含義。例如 :The paper can t come out, because it needs improving. 這篇論文不能發(fā)表 , 因?yàn)樗€需要修改。The old building requires painting again.這棟老房子需要再粉刷一遍。注意 : 前面兩句也可以改為：The paper can

6、t come out, because it needs to be improved.The old building requires to be painted again.7. 用“ be （well） worth/deserve + doing” 結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示被動含義。例如 :誤 : His idea is very worth considering.他的想法值得考慮。正 : The film Hero is well worth seeing a second time.電影英雄很值得再看 一遍The place deserves a visit/visit ing/to be

7、 visited.8. 當(dāng)動詞不定式作定語且與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系，其邏輯主語是句子 的主語或間接賓語時(shí)，用該不定式的主動形式常常可以表示被動含義。（不定式作定語，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動表被動含義。）例如：I have a lot of problems to settle at prese nt.目前我有許多問題需要解決Do you have anything else to say你還有什么要說的Tom is look ing for a room to live in. Tom在找一間住的房間

8、。（與room有動賓關(guān)系，與Tom有主謂關(guān)系）He has a family to support.他要維持一個家庭。（與family有動賓關(guān)系，與he有主謂關(guān)系）Have you got any clothes to wash today今天你有什么衣服要洗嗎（指被問的人洗衣服）比較： Have you got any clothes to be washed today你今天有什么衣服要洗嗎（指問話的人洗衣服）注意:在“there be .”句式中，如果動詞不定式前沒有明確的邏輯主語時(shí)，不定式用主動形式或被動形式均可，如果有邏輯主語，則用不定式的主動形式例如：有五封信等著回復(fù)There a

9、re five letters to an swer/to be an swered.（也可譯為:There are five letters for me to answer.）9. difficult, easy, importa nt, comfortable, convenient,dan gerous,hard,cheap，expensive等形容詞（表示難易、利弊等含義）作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動詞不定 式在其后作狀語，并與句子的主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式；動詞+賓語+形容詞+不定式。|例如：I find that h

10、is books are always difficult to un dersta nd.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的書總是很難理解。我兄弟很容易相處。這道數(shù)學(xué)題不易解出。這個問題很難回答。我覺得這種車很好坐。等，其表語如是不定式，則用不定式My brother is easy to deal with.The math problem is not easy to work out. The question is difficult to answer.I found the car comfortable to ride in.10. 主語是 much, a great deal, little, wh

11、at 的主動表被動。做什么What is to doMuch is to do.太多要做的事。11. 一些固定句式中的主動形式常表示被動含義。例如：Who is to blame for the accide nt誰該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)You are to blame for the accide nt.你應(yīng)為這事受動責(zé)備。The house is to let. 此房出租。A lot remai ns to do.還剩下許多事情要做。12. 一些“介詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語表示被動含義。例如：三班由陳老師負(fù)責(zé)這棟樓是湯姆的計(jì)劃正在會上討論別著急，一切都在掌握之中Class Three is in

12、 the charge of Mr Chen.The buildi ng is in the possessi on of Tom. The pla n is un der discussi on at the meeti ng.Don t worryeveryth ing is un der con trol.鞏固練習(xí) :for the incident.1. It is Tom who wasA. to blameB. blamingC. blamed2. There were three e-mails for the secretary.A. to be replied B. to r

13、eply to replied to3. On the wallD. to be blamingC. to replyD. to betwo large portraits.A. hangs B. hang4. The house facing the river him.A. is in possession ofC. is in the possession of5. The old man is easy.A. to get alongC. to be got along6. Have you moved in the new house No. It needsC. is hanged

14、D. hangedB. is possession ofD. is in the possession byB. to get along withD. to be got along withA. cleanedB. cleaningC. to cleanD.beingcleaned7. This kind of clothwell butshort.A. is washed; lastsC. washes; lasts8. In summer fresh meat usuallyA. can t be keptisn t keepingB. washes; is lasted D. is

15、washed; is lasted_long.B. can t keepC. isn t keptD.9. The question that the teacher raised was difficult for me.A. to answerB. to be answered C. to be answering D. answerto be true in the end.C. is proved10. What my mother saidA. provedB. proving11. The book is not interesting enoughA. to be publish

16、ingB. to publish12. The old woman requires patiently.A. to take care ofC. being taken care ofC. publishB. to be taken care ofD. being taken careD. to be provedD. publishedD. settled13. I can t go with you, because I have a lot of things.A. to settle B. settlingC. to be settled14. Don t be worried. Your problems areA. in discussion15. This museum istwice.B. under discussion D. under the discussionA. very worth being visitedB