高考總復(fù)習(xí)之短文改錯(cuò)學(xué)案(無(wú)答案)

1、短文改錯(cuò)一、考情分析二、命題趨勢(shì)1選題特點(diǎn)：高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識(shí)和邏輯情理的推斷和綜合辨析，是一種在較高層次上考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的掌握和語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力的測(cè)試題型。2考點(diǎn)類(lèi)型：在短文改錯(cuò)題中，占相當(dāng)大比例的是動(dòng)詞的形式變化，如一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等。其他如名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化、主謂一致、詞與詞之間的搭配、詞法、句法及語(yǔ)篇中的行文邏輯等方面的錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)交替出現(xiàn)。短文改錯(cuò)以記敘文為主；句子結(jié)構(gòu)由以簡(jiǎn)單句為主逐漸過(guò)渡到以復(fù)合句為主。學(xué)生在平時(shí)的寫(xiě)作中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤是短文改錯(cuò)考查的重點(diǎn)。三、真題研究A 例 (2018 課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷

2、 )During my last winter holiday ， I went to countryside with myfather to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there， they wereliving in a small house with dogs， ducks， and another animals. Last winter when I went hereagain， they had a big separate house to raise do

3、zens of chicken. They also had a small pondwhich they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.I felthappily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip ， I told my father that I planned toreturn for every two years ， but he agreed.B(2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )In t

4、he summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took drivinglessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I hadlearned the instructor s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he hadsaid to me altogether. The instructor kept

5、 repeating the word,“ Speed up!”“ Slow down!left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in themiddle on the road.C(2016 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )My uncle is the owner of a

6、 restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not verybig ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at mealtimes .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success ishonest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high qualit

7、y oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopesthat our business will grow steady.D(2016 全國(guó) )The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to doduring the holiday. We can chose between staying at ho

8、me and take a trip. If we stay at home, it iscomfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get frombooks. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest ne

9、arby. I thought that it is a goodidea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.E(2016 國(guó)全 )The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were alsothe best and worse years in my life.Atthe first ， I thought I knew everything and could makedecisions by yourself. H

10、owever， my parents didn t seem to thinksuch. They always tell me whatto do and how to do it. At one time ， I ever felt my parents couldn t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I amleaving home to college. At last， I will b

11、e on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turnto whenever need help.F(2016四川高考)It is MotherDaystoday. Though ita swestern festival,itpopulars in Chinanow.Mom has a full time job ， so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. BothDad or I planned to do something on Mother

12、We gets upDayearly. in the morning. Dad cleanedthe house， and then went on shopping. When he came back， I found a bunch of flowers in herhand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cookedwere Mom s favoritest.At dinner， we said to her， “Happy Mother s ！Da

13、y”Mom was gratefuland moving.四、詞法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤技法一動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)誤用1查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的分析主要從兩個(gè)角度入手：動(dòng)作與時(shí)間。在解題過(guò)程中，要著重分析動(dòng)作是 “正在進(jìn)行、完成或經(jīng)常性”，時(shí)間是 “現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)”，由此確定時(shí)態(tài)。短文改錯(cuò)的首句或相關(guān)句也往往起提示作用，且特別注意一些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式：burn(burnt) ，learn(learnt/learned) ， build(built)， pay(paid) ， feel(felt)， catch(caught) ， hold(held) ，shoot(shot)， eat(ate)， ride(ro

14、de) ， ring(rang) ， sing(sang)， sink(sank)等。2查語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)主要分析句子主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，且特別注意有關(guān)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一些特殊現(xiàn)象，如 be worth doing( 無(wú)被動(dòng)形式 )， need/want/require doing( to be done)(主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義 )。例如：1 (2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 )I didnt realize how right my parents are untilI entered highschool._2 (2018課 標(biāo) 全 國(guó) 卷 )Itwas Mondaymorning,and the w

15、ritingclass had justbegin._3 (2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 改編 )Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned theinstructors orders， but once I started the car， my mind goes blank._4 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )When summer came， they willinvite their students to pickthe fresh vegetables！ _5 (2017標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )About one month after

16、 this photo was took， I entered my secondyear of high school._技法二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式誤用(1) 辨別謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，若再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，又沒(méi)有并列連詞，就應(yīng)注意考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。再根據(jù)其在句中所作成分以及邏輯關(guān)系，來(lái)判斷其形式是否正確。(2) 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)不能用動(dòng)詞原形，要改為不定式或動(dòng)名詞形式。牢記后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。(3) 掌握介賓標(biāo)志。介詞后面一般需要跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，高考短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)介詞的判定以及動(dòng)名詞的使用問(wèn)題則是“?？?”。以下短語(yǔ)中to 為介詞：be/get/become used to(習(xí)慣于

17、)，be addicted to， devote.to.， be engaged to， pay attentionto， lookforwardto， stick to，when it comes to 等。(4)注意動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to 的多余或缺失。多余：在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞(get 除外 )后面跟不帶to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。缺失：有些動(dòng)詞，如want， decide， plan 等。(5) 分清現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。例如：1 (2018 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )But no matter how many times I as

18、ked to watching them， myparents would not to let me._2 (2018 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )Everyone was silent， wait to see who would be called upon toread his or her paragraph aloud.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity._3 (2016 課 標(biāo) 全 國(guó) 卷 )IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes._4 (2

19、015 浙 江 卷 )Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview._5 (2015 川卷四 )Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want sharewith you some of the problems I have been experiencing._技法三形容詞和副詞誤用(1)修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞而不用形容詞；修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞。(2)系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞。(3)修飾人常用 -ed 形容詞，修飾物常用-ing 形容詞。(4)

20、掌握形容詞、副詞的級(jí)表示同級(jí)比較時(shí)，用as.as原級(jí)形式；表示兩者之間的比較(標(biāo)志詞 than)用比較級(jí)；表示三者或以上的比較用最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)的其它注意事項(xiàng)：標(biāo)志詞： than， in the world ， in my class 等。語(yǔ)境中暗含比較級(jí)。若形容詞和副詞后面加了-er。前面就不能再用more。有些詞本身就含有最高級(jí)含義，不能再用最高級(jí)，除favorite 外，還有wonderful ，exhausted 等。有些詞不與than 連用可用于比較，如be senior to 等。1 (2018 課 標(biāo) 全 國(guó) 卷 改 編 )I was afraid to speak in fron

21、t of a larger group of people._2 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middleof the road._3 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes ，playingpop music ， and collecting the late music albums._4 (2016 江卷浙 )It was both excited and frighte

22、ning to be up there ！ _5 (2015 浙 江 卷 )On the left- hand side of the class ， I could easy see the footballfield._技法四名詞和冠詞誤用1 區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞前有表示多個(gè)的量詞修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。(2) 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有：information, knowledge, advice,work, homework, fun, furniture, equipment等。(3)有些詞既可用作可數(shù)名詞也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)注意具體語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)名詞的修飾

23、詞以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式來(lái)判定名詞是否可數(shù)。同時(shí)要特別關(guān)注“抽象名詞具體化 ”這一詞法現(xiàn)象。surprise 驚訝a surprise 一件 (個(gè) )令人驚訝的事 (消息等 )success成功a success一個(gè) (件 ) 成功的人 (事 )danger 危險(xiǎn)a danger 一個(gè) (件 )危險(xiǎn)的人物 (事)failure 失敗a failure 一個(gè) (件 )失敗的人 (事 )honor 榮譽(yù)an honor 一個(gè) ( 件)引以為榮的人 (事 )disappointmenta disappointment 一個(gè) (件)令人失望的人 ( 事)失望shock 震驚a shock 一個(gè) ( 件)令

24、人震驚的人 (事 )2.冠詞的運(yùn)用(1) 以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前面用不定冠詞a；以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前面用不定冠詞an。(2)常用固定搭配必須牢記。例如： all of a sudden ， in a hurry ， pay a visit to ， by the way ， in a word ，to tell the truth ，by accident ，as a result， in a way ， on the whole ， at present， in peace，in advance， by accident， on purpose， by chance， ahead of t

25、ime 等。3 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞例如：1 (2018 課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 改編 )The classroom is a place for learning and that includeslearning from textbooks， and mistake as well._2 (2017課 標(biāo) 全 國(guó) 卷 )Besides ， they often get some useful informationsfromtheInternet._3 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )They live far from the school ，and it takes them a

26、bout a hour and a half to go to work every day. _4 (2016 課 標(biāo) 全 國(guó) 卷 )My honest._uncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccess is5 (2016 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )If we go on a trip abroad ， we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books._技法五介詞的誤用“三看 ”選介詞1 看介詞的意義是否通順多注意介詞用法的積累，如表示“具體某一天、某一天的上下午或晚上”用介詞on；表示

27、“幾點(diǎn)鐘 ”用介詞 at；表示 “月份或者年 ”用介詞 in。2 看介詞的搭配是否符合習(xí)慣?？冀樵~搭配，如at night ， be good at ，do well in ，devote.to.， set out for ， leave for ，insist on， search for ，be famous for ， at the age of， shoot at， with the help of ，focus onesattention on ， be buried in ， get married to 等。3 看相似介詞的區(qū)別是否清晰例如： between 表示 “在兩者之間

28、”， among 表示 “在三者或三者以上之間 ”； besides表示“除了 之外還有 ”，except 表示 “除 之外 ”。詞法錯(cuò)誤“三要”1要對(duì)重要詞類(lèi)的功能用法做到熟練掌握高考短文改錯(cuò)在詞法類(lèi)角度主要涉及名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)與不可數(shù))，動(dòng)詞 ( 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)，形容詞和副詞(詞類(lèi)誤用、原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))，介詞和冠詞搭配等內(nèi)容?？忌鷮?duì)以上詞類(lèi)的用法、相關(guān)語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容要做到心中有數(shù)。2要特別關(guān)注改正詞的拼寫(xiě)在改正過(guò)程中尤其注意改正詞的拼寫(xiě)和選擇，如形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式是否需要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，是用不定冠詞a 還是an，某個(gè)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是加-s還是-es，某

29、個(gè)形容詞改為副詞時(shí)，是去掉最后一個(gè)字母再加-ly還是直接加-ly等。3.要對(duì)出題點(diǎn)做到心中有數(shù)解決詞法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵在于熟練掌握相關(guān)詞類(lèi)的易考點(diǎn)。考生要熟知短文改錯(cuò)的出題點(diǎn)，對(duì)實(shí)虛詞的考查角度了如指掌。如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞與副詞的誤用、介詞搭配等問(wèn)題幾乎是每年高考的“必備餐 ”，考生只有熟悉這些出題點(diǎn)，在解答短文改錯(cuò)的過(guò)程中牢牢抓住這條“思維線(xiàn) ”，問(wèn)題才會(huì)迎刃而解。例如：1 (2018 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷改編課)They would say to me that playing card games would help mybrain. Still I was unwilling t

30、o play the games for them sometimes._2 (2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 )When I look at this picture of myself， I realize of how fast timeflies._3 (2017川宜賓二診四)Obviously ， it greatly helps us at our studies._4 (2016標(biāo)全國(guó)卷改編課)I showed them I was independent by wearing strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college._5 (2016

31、四川卷 )Dad cleaned the house， and then went on shopping._五、語(yǔ)法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤技法一主謂一致誤用1判定主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是解題的關(guān)鍵要解決主謂一致問(wèn)題，判定主語(yǔ)是先決條件。either.or， neither.nor ， not.but ， notonly.but also， or 等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致；倒裝句和there be 句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致；定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與它所指代的先行詞保持一致；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，連接代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)保持一致。2掌握主謂一致的?？键c(diǎn)

32、(1)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入along with ， with ， as well as， together with ， except， but，including 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受這些插入語(yǔ)的干擾，依然和主語(yǔ)保持一致。(2) 從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律視作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩個(gè)以上的名詞組成一個(gè)整體概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)。(3) 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被視作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：1 My dream school look like a big garden._2 The early morning barking have

33、 been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. _3 Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing. _4 Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion._5 Among all my friends are a special one Im most thankful to. _技法二定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句誤用1確定從句類(lèi)型、搞清句子結(jié)構(gòu)

34、是關(guān)鍵定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞( 副詞 )的選擇和名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選擇取決于句子缺少何種成分和意義是否完整。此時(shí)需要從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，同時(shí)掌握關(guān)系代詞(副詞 )和引導(dǎo)詞在句中的句法功能。which 可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表主句的內(nèi)容；where 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng) (抽象 )地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)； what 在名詞性從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。2重點(diǎn)關(guān)注定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句中的易考點(diǎn)(1)that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。(2)that 在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒(méi)有含義，只能在賓語(yǔ)從句中省略。(3) 名詞性從句中，if 只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但whether 可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。(4

35、)that 在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)成分，沒(méi)有含義，一般不能省略，但在定語(yǔ)從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，且充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5)what 是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。例如：1 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )In their spare time ， they are interested in planting vegetablesin their garden ，that is on the rooftop of their house._2 (2017 課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 改編 )Around me in the picture are the things they wer

36、e veryimportant in my life at that time._3 (2016 川卷改編四 )The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorites. _4 (2016 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )The summer holiday is coming.Myclassmates and I are talkingabout how to do during the holiday._5.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt ， tell your teacher immediately._技

37、法三強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、虛擬語(yǔ)氣和特殊句式誤用1掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“Its.that/who ，判”定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在于去掉基本結(jié)構(gòu)后，剩余部分仍然邏輯完整，使用that 可強(qiáng)調(diào)人或物，who 只能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)人。2分辨虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情境“句意 ”是判斷是否為虛擬語(yǔ)氣的重要一環(huán)，解答這類(lèi)問(wèn)題要重點(diǎn)考慮時(shí)間、主從句結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)方面。3關(guān)注特殊句式的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的含義及be 動(dòng)詞的選擇、倒裝句中助動(dòng)詞的選擇和時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用、省略句中動(dòng)詞形式的運(yùn)用以及祈使句中句首為動(dòng)詞原形，后半句往往用將來(lái)時(shí)等需考生重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。句法錯(cuò)誤“兩不要”1以“語(yǔ)法分析”為依據(jù)，不要“茫無(wú)頭緒”高考短文改錯(cuò)句法類(lèi)錯(cuò)

38、誤主要涉及復(fù)合句、主謂一致、特殊句式等內(nèi)容，具體有：關(guān)系代詞 /副詞和引導(dǎo)詞的使用；主謂搭配是否一致；特殊句式中助動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)的使用； there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中系動(dòng)詞be 的選擇以及there be 結(jié)構(gòu)與 have/has 的重復(fù)使用；強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的使用。2以句子為單位，不要“一葉障目”在解答句法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，切勿過(guò)多關(guān)注某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞，而是應(yīng)該首先從整體上判斷句子所表達(dá)的含義，然后摸清所使用的句式結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象等問(wèn)題，做到“從整體理解到局部分析 ”，如同 “一覽眾山小 ”。例如：1 If you are me ， would you talk to him (them) ？ _2 Theref

39、ore ， we strongly suggest that similar events are held every year！ _3 Dearfellowstudents ，itshightimethatwepayattentiontothisphenomenon._4 It was on Monday night who all this happened._5 So little do I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words._六、邏輯類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤技法一連接詞誤用1重點(diǎn)關(guān)注句意的連貫性和邏輯性解決短文改錯(cuò)中連接詞類(lèi)錯(cuò)

40、誤，要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注上下句( 并列句 ) 之間的邏輯關(guān)系，弄清楚句子與句子之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。(1) 句間無(wú)連詞，增加連詞。若兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有句號(hào)、分號(hào)，又沒(méi)有連詞時(shí)，需要增加連詞。(2) 句間 多 連 詞 ，刪 除 連 詞 。 一 些 受 漢 語(yǔ) 影 響的 錯(cuò) 誤 ， 如although/though.but ，because/since/as.so等，一般刪除后面的連詞but 和 so。(3)遇到連詞需考慮是否用錯(cuò)。常見(jiàn)的如or，but，and 等。2掌握常用連接詞的含義和用法(1)and 和“、而且 ”，表遞進(jìn)、并列或順承關(guān)系；but “但是 ”，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；or “或者、否則”，表選擇或結(jié)果。(

41、2)notonly.butalso.不“ 僅而 且 ”； both.and.“ 和 兩 者 都 ”；not.but. 不是 “ 而是 ”。(3)either.or. 或者 “或者 ”； neither.nor. 既不 “ 也不 ”。(4)while而“、然而 ”，表對(duì)比； when“就在那時(shí) ”，并列連詞。(5) 狀語(yǔ)從句中從屬連詞：the moment/minute/as soon as/immediately/directly一 “就 ”； where“ 地 方 ”； because/as/since 由“于 ”； so/such.that 如“此 以 至于 ” ； in case(of)

42、 “以 防 ， 以 免 ” ； though/although “即 使 ”； as a result/consequence(of) 結(jié)果 /由“于 ”； what if 若“是 又怎樣 ”。(6)therefore 因此“ ”； besides 況“且、而且 ”； but/except 除“了 ”； anyway “無(wú)論如何 ”； however “然而 ”； whats more 況“且，而且 ”。例如：1 (2018 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )At the end of our trip ， I told my father that I planned toreturn every two

43、 years ， but he agreed._2 (2018 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )Everyone was silent ， waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud._3 (2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 改編 )Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned theinstructors orders， so once I started the car， my mind went blank._4 (2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 改編 )Be

44、side ， they often get some useful informationfrom theInternet._5 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 改編 )I have grown not only physically ， and also mentally in thepast few years._技法二代詞誤用1人稱(chēng)代詞的前后一致性人稱(chēng)代詞的前后一致性包括指代的一致性和單復(fù)數(shù)的一致性。2人稱(chēng)代詞的主格與賓格變化主格人稱(chēng)代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓格人稱(chēng)代詞多在句中作賓語(yǔ)。3物主代詞的數(shù)與格物主代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與所代替的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。形容詞性物主代詞多在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞；而名詞性物主

45、代詞多在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。4反身代詞的常考點(diǎn)反身代詞多用作介詞或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)；此外，反身代詞指代的一致性也是重要考點(diǎn)。5一些常見(jiàn)不定代詞、指示代詞的用法如 one.the other.表示兩者的 “一個(gè)另一個(gè) ”； neither 表示 “兩者都不 ”； either表示 “兩者中的一個(gè)”；none 表示 “三者或三者以上都不”；others other可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。例如：1 (2018 課 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 )Ihaddonemyselfhomework，butIwasshy._2 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )Mr.and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school._

46、3 (2017 標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課 )This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of yourhigh school days._4 (2016 川卷四 )When he came back， I found a bunch of flowers in her hand._5 (2016 課 標(biāo) 全 國(guó) 卷 )Itdoesnotcostmany ， yetwecan stilllearnalot._A(2016 東日照市高三第一次模擬山)Dear Sir/Madam ，I am writing to express a compl

47、aint about the Metropolitan Museum. I am visiting the museumfrom 2 ： 00 to 5 ： 00 on yesterday afternoon. I would have enjoyed a perfect afternoon unless ithad not been for an unfortunate incident.I was in the Chinese Painting Section with its beautiful display of world famous works whilesuddenly I was astonished to smell cigarette smoke. I turned back and saw a young man smoke. Ilooked after an attendant but none.You will agree that there should an attendant in every room and that the no smoking rule shouldbe firm carried out. I look forward to receive yo