材料工程基礎(chǔ)課程改革的思考中英文對(duì)照

1、 材料工程基礎(chǔ)課程改革的思考中英文對(duì)照materials engineering basic course reform thinking contrast in both chinese and english 論文關(guān)鍵詞:材料工程基礎(chǔ) 改革思路 課程體系 教學(xué)手段 能力培養(yǎng) 評(píng)價(jià)體系paper keywords: materials engineering foundation curriculum teaching reform way ability evaluation system 論文摘要:材料工程基礎(chǔ)是教育部21世紀(jì)初高等教育教學(xué)改革項(xiàng)目“材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)方案及教學(xué)內(nèi)

2、容體系改革的研究”中主干專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程,是材料專業(yè)的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程,本文從課程體系、教學(xué)手段、能力培養(yǎng)和評(píng)價(jià)體系等方面闡述了課程改革的思路。abstract: materials engineering is based on the ministry of education in the 21st century higher education teaching reform project materials science and engineering professional talent training scheme and teaching content system ref

3、orm in the backbone specialized basic courses, is material professional professional foundation courses, this article from the curriculum system, teaching means, ability training and evaluation system, etc, expounds the ideas of curriculum reform. “材料工程基礎(chǔ)”是教育部21世紀(jì)初高等教育教學(xué)改革項(xiàng)目“材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)方案及教學(xué)內(nèi)容體系改革

4、的研究”中主干專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程,是材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程,長(zhǎng)期以來,備受學(xué)校和院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的重視,這對(duì)材料工程基礎(chǔ)課程的改革就提出了更高的要求,如何進(jìn)行課程改革,培養(yǎng)適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展對(duì)材料工程需要的新型人才是材料工程教學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)需要認(rèn)真思索的關(guān)鍵問題。materials engineering is the ministry of education at the beginning of 21st century higher education teaching reform project materials science and engineering professional talent

5、 training scheme and teaching content system reform in the backbone specialized basic course, is the basis of materials science and engineering specialty courses, for a long time, school and hospital leadership attaches great importance to, the materials engineering foundation courses reform is put

6、forward higher request, how to conduct course reform, cultivate new talent to adapt to the social development of material engineering, materials engineering teaching team need to seriously think about the key problem. 1 課程體系1 course system 材料學(xué)是一門試驗(yàn)性科學(xué),涵蓋金屬材料、無機(jī)非金屬材料、高分子材料、復(fù)合材料四個(gè)方向,材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生,畢業(yè)后主要

7、從事材料制備與加工的科研與生產(chǎn)工作,材料的多樣性,各種材料制備、加工方法千差萬別,材料工程問題就顯得錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜了,這就要求從這多種多樣的工程問題中提煉出各種材料制備與加工的共同涉及基礎(chǔ)問題,建立材料學(xué)學(xué)的平臺(tái)課程材料工程基礎(chǔ)完整的知識(shí)體系。materials science is an experimental science, metal materials, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymer materials, composite materials, the four directions of materials science and

8、 engineering students, after graduation, is mainly engaged in materials preparation and processing of scientific research and production work, the diversity of materials, materials preparation and processing methods differ in thousands ways, materials engineering problem is complicated, which requir

9、es derived from a variety of engineering problems of various materials preparation and processing of common basic problems involved, based materials to learn platform course - materials engineering complete knowledge system. “工程”是科學(xué)的某種應(yīng)用,通過這一應(yīng)用,使自然界的物質(zhì)和能源的特性能夠通過各種結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)器、產(chǎn)品、系統(tǒng)和過程,是以最短的時(shí)間和精而少的人力做出高效、可靠

10、且對(duì)人類有用的東西。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,“工程”一詞有廣義和狹義之分。就狹義而言,工程定義為“以某組設(shè)想的目標(biāo)為依據(jù),應(yīng)用有關(guān)的科學(xué)知識(shí)和技術(shù)手段,通過一群人的有組織活動(dòng)將某個(gè)(或某些)現(xiàn)有實(shí)體(自然的或人造的)轉(zhuǎn)化為具有預(yù)期使用價(jià)值的人造產(chǎn)品過程”。就廣義而言,工程則定義為由一群人為達(dá)到某種目的,在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間周期內(nèi)進(jìn)行協(xié)作活動(dòng)的過程。又根據(jù)兩院院士師昌緒先生的定義:材料是人類制造生活和生產(chǎn)用的物品、器件、構(gòu)件、機(jī)器或其他產(chǎn)品的物質(zhì)。顯然,材料工程屬狹義工程的范疇,材料工程應(yīng)為是有組織活動(dòng)將自然的或人造的物質(zhì)制造成生活和生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的活動(dòng)或過程。因此,從這個(gè)定義出發(fā),凡是材料制備過程中所涉及技術(shù)和方法

11、問題都屬材料工程問題包括原材料的輸送、原材料精制、合成、產(chǎn)品精制、后加工、包裝、運(yùn)輸?shù)壬a(chǎn)工序原理以及為完成上述工序的一些配套工序如生產(chǎn)過程中的傳熱問題、三廢處理問題。由于材料的多樣性,各種材料制備、加工方法千差萬別,材料工程問題就顯得內(nèi)容龐大、錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜了,避開各種材料的制備的特殊工藝問題,各種材料在制備過程中所涉及的共同的基本原理應(yīng)成為材料工程課程中的基本問題。我們以自編材料工程基礎(chǔ)為教學(xué)的教材,教授物質(zhì)輸送原理及設(shè)備、熱量傳遞、質(zhì)量傳遞,并對(duì)質(zhì)量衡算、能量衡算、經(jīng)濟(jì)衡算做簡(jiǎn)單介紹。engineering is some application of the science, through

12、 the application, make the characteristics of the nature of matter and energy can be through a variety of structures, machines, products, systems and processes, in the shortest possible time and precision and less manpower to make efficient, reliable and useful to humans. in the modern society, the

13、word engineering has broad sense and narrow sense. in terms of narrow, engineering is defined as on the basis of the target with a certain set of assumptions, application of scientific knowledge and technological means, by a group of people organized activities will be one (or some) existing entitie

14、s (natural or artificial) into synthetic products process of intended use value. in terms of generalized engineering is defined as a group of people to achieve a particular purpose, in a longer period in the process of collaborative activity. and according to the definition: a member of both houses

15、of mr shichangxu materials is for the use of human life and production, device, component, machines or other products of the material. obviously, material engineering, belongs to the category of special engineering, materials engineering activities should be organized to natural or man-made material

16、 made into product life and production activities or processes. therefore, starting from the definition, all material preparation techniques and methods involved in the process of problem belong to materials engineering including the transportation of raw materials, raw materials, synthesis, purific

17、ation products refined, after processing, packaging, transportation and other production process principle as well as to complete the process of form a complete set of processes such as the heat transfer in the process of production, three wastes treatment problems. due to the diversity of materials

18、, materials preparation and processing methods differ in thousands ways, materials engineering is large and complex content, steer clear of the special problems of process the preparation of various materials, various materials in the preparation process of common basic principles should be involved

19、 in the fundamental problems in materials engineering courses. we wrote materials engineering foundation as the teaching material, teaching material conveying principle and equipment, heat transfer, mass transfer, and mass balance, energy balance, economic scale company brief introduction. 2 教學(xué)手段2 t

20、eaching means 課程改革的目的是提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量,提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量是通過一定的教學(xué)手段得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。材料工程基礎(chǔ)的教學(xué)擬采取小班教學(xué)的方式,除在知識(shí)點(diǎn)的傳授方面如基本公式的推導(dǎo)、理論的講解仍采用傳統(tǒng)的以教師授課為主方式外,在課堂教學(xué)中還采用一下的教學(xué)手段。curriculum reform is the purpose of improving teaching quality, improve the quality of teaching is implemented through a certain teaching methods. based teaching materials

21、 engineering is proposed to adopt small-class teaching way, in addition to imparting knowledge aspects such as the derivation of basic formula, the theoretical explanation is still adopts the traditional teaching way mainly, adopt the teaching method in classroom teaching. 2.1 多媒體課件2.1 multimedia co

22、urseware 當(dāng)今的學(xué)生,從校門到校門,多數(shù)學(xué)生既沒有生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),更無工程概念,要學(xué)好材料工程基礎(chǔ)這一工程類課程,老實(shí)說,有一定的難度,充分利用現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)手段進(jìn)行教學(xué),制作了多媒體課件,模擬實(shí)際生產(chǎn)工藝和流程,使抽象的概念具體化,復(fù)雜的問題簡(jiǎn)單化,繁瑣的內(nèi)容精煉化,實(shí)際問題形象化,為學(xué)生生動(dòng)形象的理解生產(chǎn)原理和過程起了重要的作用。todays students, from school to school, most students have neither life experience, no more engineering concept, must learn materials

23、 engineering basis for the engineering course, to be honest, has the certain difficulty, make full use of modern teaching means in teaching, the multimedia courseware, the actual production process simulation and process, make abstract concepts concrete, complex issues simple, tedious content essenc

24、e refining, actual problem visualization, vivid understanding of the production principle and process for the students play an important role. 2.2 討論式教學(xué)及設(shè)計(jì)演練2.2 discussion-based teaching design and practice 課堂設(shè)置討論課,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究各種材料制備過程中所共性問題,生產(chǎn)過程技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)問題,分層次布置工程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù),使學(xué)生能全面思考工程問題。例如在傳熱部分,進(jìn)行板式換熱器的設(shè)計(jì);在傳質(zhì)的幾個(gè)章

25、節(jié)中,吸收部分設(shè)計(jì)煤氣中苯類物質(zhì)吸收工藝流程;精餾章節(jié)中,進(jìn)行年產(chǎn)8000噸乙醇板式精餾塔工藝設(shè)計(jì)等。使學(xué)生初步了解設(shè)計(jì)程序與步驟:設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)下達(dá)后,通過資料的收集,流程選擇,基本計(jì)算,確定工藝路線,確定生產(chǎn)設(shè)備大小,進(jìn)行設(shè)備平面布置,完成設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。classroom settings section, guide students to explore all kinds of the common problems during the preparation of materials, production process, technical and economic evaluatio

26、n, the hierarchical layout engineering design task, so that the students can think comprehensive engineering problems. in heat transfer part, for example, for the design of plate heat exchanger; sections of the mass transfer in absorption of benzene class material in the part of the design of the ga

27、s absorption process; to annual output of 8000 tons of ethanol distillation sections, plate rectifying column technology design, etc. make students preliminary understanding design process and steps: design task orders, through the collection of data, process selection, basic calculation, determine

28、the process route, determine the size of production equipment, equipment layout, complete the design task. 2.3 雙語教學(xué)2.3 bilingual teaching 隨著全球一體化進(jìn)程的加速,在國(guó)際交流日夜頻繁的今天,語言顯得尤為重要。采用原版教材,雙語教學(xué)無疑能使學(xué)生掌握原汁原味的英語,為其日后的交流掃清障礙。更重要的是可以拓寬學(xué)生的國(guó)際視野、國(guó)際交流能力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí),同時(shí)可以吸引更多的留學(xué)生優(yōu)質(zhì)生源,提高國(guó)際化辦學(xué)能力。with the acceleration of global

29、integration, the international exchange frequent today, day and night language is particularly important. use original teaching materials, bilingual teaching can make students learn authentic english, communication obstacles in the future. more important is can broaden students international vision,

30、 the international communication ability and competition consciousness, also can attract more international students of high quality students, improve the ability of education internationalization. 3 能力培養(yǎng)3 ability training 在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代,全民都面臨同樣的信息平臺(tái),甚至我們的學(xué)生比教師有更好的計(jì)算機(jī)能力,輕點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)就可能獲得一門學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)理論。這就給我們提出新的問題和面臨嚴(yán)峻的挑

31、戰(zhàn):在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代,專業(yè)課我們應(yīng)該教學(xué)生什么以及如何教,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生那些能力。首先是收集信息的能力,現(xiàn)代社會(huì)是信息時(shí)代,大量信息資源都可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享,除此之外,還有大量的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以利用,掌握了信息資源,就是掌握了該學(xué)科的發(fā)展前沿。然后是自主學(xué)習(xí)能力,收集到信息,怎樣才能轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的知識(shí),建立自己的知識(shí)體系這就需要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求實(shí)創(chuàng)新的科學(xué)思維與人格以及為科學(xué)獻(xiàn)身的精神和健康向上的學(xué)習(xí)精神;接下來是合作精神,隨著社會(huì)分工的越來越細(xì),完成一個(gè)工程問題往往是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程,需要多方面人員的相互合作,因此合作能力就顯得十分重要了,在教學(xué)中,有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分工合作是教育的一個(gè)重要組成部分,對(duì)本門課而言可以采

32、用分組進(jìn)行課程設(shè)計(jì),同組同學(xué)之間分工協(xié)作,共同完成一個(gè)課題,已達(dá)到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作能力的目的。in the internet age, the are all faced with the same information platform, and even our ability to students than teachers have a better computer, with the click of a mouse can obtain the basic theory of a subject. this will give we put forward new problem

33、s and faces severe challenges: in the internet age, professional class we should teach students what and how to teach, train the ability of those. first is the ability to collect information, modern society is the information age, a large number of information resources can be shared through the net

34、work, in addition, there are a lot of database can be used, mastered the information resources, is to grasp the leading edge of developments in the subject. then the autonomous learning ability, the information collection, how to translate into their own knowledge, to build their own knowledge syste

35、m which requires training students rigorous truth-seeking innovative scientific thinking and personality as well as for the spirit of dedicating to scientific and healthy learning spirit; next is the spirit of cooperation, along with the social division of labor is more and more thin, problems tend

36、to complete a project is a systems engineering, needs many aspects of mutual cooperation, so the ability to cooperate is very important, in the teaching, consciously cultivate students division of labor cooperation is an important part of education, in terms of this course group may be used for curr

37、iculum design, collaboration between group members, common to complete a project, is to achieve the purpose of cultivating students ability to cooperate. 4 評(píng)估體系4 assessment system 理論考試不在作為學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以從多層面進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)如理論考試成績(jī)、課程設(shè)計(jì)成績(jī)、課堂討論成績(jī)、平時(shí)作業(yè)成績(jī)等。theory test is not as the only standard to academic achievemen

38、t, can from multiple levels to evaluate test results as theory, course design grade, class discussion grades, assignments, etc. 5 結(jié)論5 conclusion 材料工程基礎(chǔ)課程改革是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程,需要執(zhí)行者有強(qiáng)烈的社會(huì)責(zé)任感,從課程的內(nèi)容體系、教學(xué)手段、能力培養(yǎng)目標(biāo),評(píng)價(jià)體系進(jìn)行研究和探索,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)合格人才的教育目標(biāo)。materials engineering basic course reform is a systematic project, need executives have a strong sense of social responsibility, from the content of the course system, teaching means, ability training goal, evaluation system for research and exploration, really achieve the aim of education to cultivate qualified talents. 參考文獻(xiàn)：references: 1 王