畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯

1、長春工業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯長 春 工 業(yè) 大 學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯學(xué) 院 電氣與電子工程學(xué)院專業(yè)班級 110310指導(dǎo)教師 陳仁輝姓 名 沈永來外文出處 International journal of electrical power and energy systems2015年 5月10日 General Requirements to Construction of SubstationCarpentier J; Optimal Power FlowsInternational journal of electrical power and energy sys

2、tems, EI SCI 2011 Feb Substations are a vital element in a power supply system of industrial enterprisesThey serve to receive ，convert and distribute electric energy .Depending on power and purpose ,the substations are divided into central distribution substations for a voltage of 110-500kV;main ste

3、p-down substations for110-220/6-10-35kV;deep entrance substations for 110-330/6-10kV;distribution substations for 6-10kV;shop transformer substations for 6-10/0.38-0.66kV.At the main step-down substations, the energy received from the power source is transformed from 110-220kV usually to 6-10kV(some

4、times 35kV) which is distributed among substations of the enterprise and is fed to high-voltage services.Central distribution substations receive energy from power systems and distribute it (without or with partial transformation) via aerial and cable lines of deep entrances at a voltage of 110-220k

5、V over the enterprise territory .Central distribution substation differs from the main distribution substation in a higher power and in that bulk of its power is at a voltage of 110-220kV;it features simplified switching circuits at primary voltage; it is fed from the power to an individual object o

6、r region .Low-and medium-power shop substations transform energy from 6-10kV to a secondary voltage of 380/220 or 660/380.Step-up transformer substations are used at power plants for transformation of energy produced by the generators to a higher voltage which decreases losses at a long-distance tra

7、nsmission .Converter substations are intended to convert AC to DC (sometimes vice versa) and to convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are most

8、 economic. Distribution substations for 6-10kV are fed primarily from main distribution substations (sometimes from central distribution substations).With a system of dividing substations for 110-220kV, the functions of a switch-gear are accomplished by switch-gears for 6-10kV at deep entrance subst

9、ations.Depending on location of substations their switch-gear may be outdoor or indoor. The feed and output lines at 6-10kV substations are mainly of the cable type .at 35-220kV substations of the aerial type .When erecting and wiring the substations, major attention is given to reliable and economi

10、c power supply of a given production.Substations are erected by industrial methods with the use of large blocks and assemblies prepared at the site shops of electric engineering organizations and factories of electrical engineering industry .Substations are usually designed for operation without con

11、tinuous attendance of the duty personnel but with the use of elementary automatic and signaling devices.When constructing the structural part of a substation .it is advisable to use light-weight industrial structures and elements (panels ,floors ,etc.) made of bent sections .These elements are pre-m

12、ade outside the erection zone and are only assembled at site .This considerably cuts the terms and cost of construction.Basic circuitry concepts of substations are chosen when designing a power supply system of the enterprise .Substations feature primary voltage entrances .transformers and output ca

13、ble lines or current conductors of secondary voltage .Substations are mounted from equipment and elements described below .The number of possible combinations of equipment and elements is very great .When elaborating a substation circuitry ,it is necessary to strive for maximum simplification and mi

14、nimizing the number of switching devices .Such substations are more reliable and economic .Circuitry is simplified by using automatic enclosure or automatic change over to reserve facility which allows rapid and faultless redundancy of individual elements and using equipment.When designing transform

15、er substations of industrial enterprises for all voltages, the following basic considerations are taken into account:1.Preferable employment of a single-bus system with using two-bus systems only to ensure a reliable and economic power supply;2.Wide use of unitized constructions and bustles substati

16、ons;3.Substantiated employment of automatics and telemetry ;if the substation design does not envisage the use of automatics or telemetry ,the circuitry is so arranged as to allow for adding such equipment in future without excessive investments and re-work.4.Use of simple and cheap devices-isolatin

17、g switches ,short-circuiting switches ,load-breaking isolators ,fuses ,with due regard for their switching capacity may drastically cut the need for expensive and critical oil ,vacuum ,solenoid and air switches .Substation and switch-gear circuitries are so made that using the equipment of each prod

18、uction line is fed from individual transformers ,assemblies ,the lines to allow their disconnection simultaneously with mechanisms without disrupting operation of adjacent production flows.When elaborating circuitry of a substation, the most vital task is to properly choose and arrange switching dev

19、ices (switches, isolators, current limiters, arresters, high-voltage fuses).The decision depends on the purpose, power and significance of the substation.Power System Substation is an important and indispensable component of the power it assumed the task of conversion and distribution of grid securi

20、ty and the economy play a decisive role in running is to contact the users power plants and intermediate links. With economic development, expanding grid capacity, reliability of operation of the power grid is getting higher and higher requirements. Development of science and technology, intelligent

21、 switches, photoelectric current and voltage transformer, a run-line state detection, training simulation Substation Operation matures, such as high-tech, as well as fiber-optic technology, computer high-speed network system in the development of real-time applications, bound to the existing substat

22、ion automation technology have a profound impact, all-digital substation automation system development trend. Power system is operated by the production, transmission, distribution and consumption of a variety of power linked to the composition of electrical equipment. As a result of a large number

23、of powers can not be stored, we must ensure that the production of electricity and energy balance. With the scientific and technological advances in the technological development of our country has reached a certain level. Intelligent switches, photoelectric current and voltage transformer, a run-li

24、ne state detection, training simulation Substation Operation matures, such as high-tech, as well as fiber-optic technology, computer high-speed network system in the development of real-time applications, significantly increase the transformation degree of automation.Design of our substation cable p

25、rograms tend to be simple, many of the recent domestic new 220 k V substation and 110kV voltage levels of wiring without the use of dual-bus bypass bus. The use of GIS, the priority sub-bus single wire. Terminal Substation, the line as far as possible, such as transformer unit wiring. A large number

26、 of the introduction of new technology, transformer substation rising level of electrical equipment, power distribution devices from the traditional form of moving toward oil-free, vacuum switches, SF6 switches and mechanical, electrical equipment combination of the development of small-scale integr

27、ation. In recent years the world famous high-voltage electrical equipment companies have been developing, the development of the various types of 145-550 kV outdoor high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure combination of electrical appliances, some high-voltage switchgear plant has also started producti

28、on of 145 k V compact outdoor portfolio electrical appliances. Smart plug-in type outdoor switchgear is a more complete high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure switch system, which includes electrical first and second equipment, as well as the associated fiber optic cable, such as plug-type compound. T

29、he entire distributed substation automation system; the introduction of advanced network technology; substation and the construction area covers an area of reduced substation program to simplify wiring, switchgear, bus and steel pipes, such as the use of stents to substation layout is more simple, t

30、he abolition of the former station area and optimize the layout to make a substantial decline in an area substation.With technological advances, the traditional relay protection devices are gradually being replaced by microprocessor-based protection. Microprocessor-based protection is referred to as

31、 the protection of PC computer, a digital relay protection, is based on the programmable digital circuit technology and real-time digital signal processing technology of the Power System Protection. At present, both at home and abroad have been developed to 32-bit digital signal processor for hardwa

32、re-based protection, control, measurement, and data communications integration of microprocessor-based protection control devices, and artificial intelligence technology into a number of relay protection, such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy theory to determine the realization of fault type, fa

33、ult location, the direction of protection, the main equipment and other new methods of protection. By means of wavelet analysis of the theory of digital signal failure of the entire frequency band information and to achieve fault detection. These artificial intelligence technologies to improve the a

34、ccuracy of failure to provide a means of identification, but also some single-frequency signal based on the traditional method difficult to identify the problems to be resolved. At present, the microprocessor-based relay protection is along the microprocessor-based protection network, and intelligen

35、t, adaptive and protection, control, measurement, signal, data communications integration direction.The most basic request that charged barbed wire net in the city circulates is safe and stable. The core problem of charged barbed wire net safety in the city stability wants to build up to be a with t

36、he city mutually accommodative of, reasonable of charged barbed wire net structure. This text passes and programs to the charged barbed wire net with electric power and designs the technique principle of the aspect analysis. Elaborated the standard concerning electric voltage grade, power supply cre

37、dibility, power supply ability and charged barbed wire net safe power supply requests etc. some problems that should notice in the charged barbed wire net safety; And have already aimed at sexs elaborating request to the concrete design principle opposite charged barbed wire net safe power supply of

38、 the 220 kV transformer substation and 110kV transformer substation.How to promise power supply credibility1) Satisfy charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard. The power supply network satisfies the request of power supply credibility. The standard that all satisfies N-l, city area center

39、high burden density important customer in the district satisfies the standard of N-2.Disallow transformer over carry. Help a southern city net power supply credibility rate index sign programming target is 99.99%.2) Press to go together with charged barbed wire net burden to transfer ability in the

40、city satisfies following request:The transformer substation loses any once enter line or one set lord transformer but lower power supply ability, win press to go together with charged barbed wire net to have to transfer burden to ensure the ability of power supply.When a female line of transformer s

41、ubstation stops luck because of putting, winning to press to go together with charged barbed wire net should have the ability that transfer all burden.When the 10kV goes together with electric wire road any check to fix or breaks down, going together with the charged barbed wire net should have non-

42、 check of transfer to fix, non- breakdown segment ability for carrying. The non- check fixes,The non- breakdown segment carries to the power is off time only for go together with to give or get an electric shock an equipments to pour a Zia operation for time.3) Ask to satisfy a following principle w

43、hile allowing the capacity of the power outage and the target of the instauration power supply while going together with charged barbed wire net breakdown to make the customer the power is off:The customer of two back track power supplies, after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or ge

44、t an electric shock.The customer of three back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock, again after losing a back track, should satisfy power supply capacity 50-70% is used an electricity.When all of a back track or much customers the po

45、wer of back track power supplies stopped, resume target time of power supply broke down to handle for a back track restored of ask.At wreath net power supply method in for open the customer in the wreath network, the lowest instauration power supply request for breaking down wreath net is to need to

46、 pass charged barbed wire net operation instaurationPower supply of time, its target time need for operating of asks; it is the power supply that passes to go together with net automation restriction to resume an intact block in the lain to go together with net automation circuit.(3)Power supply abi

47、lity and safety1)Of each electric voltage layer net capacity in the city net, press definitely change the electric capacity carry to compare an allocation, the all levels electric voltage net changes the electric capacity carry compare satisfy the upper limit request that current electric power net

48、in the city programming design lead stipulates.According to 2001 national economy trade committee promulgation of electric power profession standard electric power system safety stability lead middle finger:N.a standard is under the normal movement method of the any component(is like circuit, genera

49、tor, and transformer.etc.) In the electric power system have no break down or because of break down break to open, electric power system shouldCan keep stable to circulate with normal power supply, other components however carry, electric voltage and frequency all are allowing inside the scope. This

50、 is usually called N. one standard.The charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard has-l standard and quasi- N one 2 standards and Ns is one 2 standards.Citys going together with the power supply safety of charged barbed wire net to usually request is to adopt N one standard. It is one 2 stan

51、dards to have already adopted quasi- N as well at the power supply safety especially important place one 2 standards or Ns.2) Medium press and go together with charged barbed wire net and have certain back up capacity, generally should have 50% Yu degrees, while being any component check and fixing

52、and breaking down and stopping and carrying should pass and pour a Zia operation can keep a segment the customer continue toward the customer or non- trouble power supply, go together with each component of charged barbed wire net while transferring burden however carry, unlimited electricity. When

53、two set lords happen that the power is off at the same time, that is used circuit should adjust above 60% burden.變電站建設(shè)的一般要求Carpentier J雜志SCI,EI 2011年2月變電所在電源系統(tǒng)和工業(yè)企業(yè)中至關(guān)重要。他們接收,轉(zhuǎn)換和輸送電能,根據(jù)能源需求,變電站分為電壓為110-500kV的中央樞紐變電站；電壓為110-220/6-10-35kV的主降壓變電站；110-330/6-10kV區(qū)域變電站；電壓為6-10kV的地方變電站；電壓為6-10/0.38-0.66kV的

54、車間變電所。在主要的降壓變電所中,電源轉(zhuǎn)化為110-220kV電壓，通常使用6-10kV變電所(有時為35kV變電所)將電壓分配給企業(yè)和滿足某些高壓服務(wù)。中央樞紐變電站從電力系統(tǒng)接收能量,并通過電壓為110-220kV的空中電纜和地下電纜線路分發(fā)(不包括或者包括部分變換) 給不同區(qū)域。 中央樞紐變電站不同于主配電變電站,它是一個更強大的電力設(shè)施,它的電壓大部分在110-220kV。它可以簡化初級電壓、中級電壓或地區(qū)的開關(guān)電路。中低級別變電站改造的能量來自6-10kV的電壓,它的二次側(cè)電壓為380/220kV或660/380kV。升壓變電站用于將電廠電機產(chǎn)生的電壓升高,從而有效地減少在遠距離輸電

55、過程中的能量損失。變電站的能量轉(zhuǎn)換是用半導(dǎo)體整流器來變頻,目的是將直流轉(zhuǎn)換成交流(有時相反)以及改變頻率。帶半導(dǎo)體整流器的變電站最經(jīng)濟。6-10kV的變電站主要是配電變電站(有時為中央配電變電站)。110-220kV變電站出線根據(jù)6-10kV變電站的容量進行分配。根據(jù)變電站的地理位置，電站設(shè)備有露天的和室內(nèi)的。6-10kV變電站的電纜主要是輸出線。在35-220kV變電站中,空中線路的排布架設(shè),主要注重供電的可靠性和經(jīng)濟性。變電站依據(jù)大量塊積組織的和工業(yè)電氣行業(yè)編寫的程序集來搭建。變電站中通常為無連續(xù)出勤值班人員操作的基本自動信號設(shè)備。變電站中的一部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用薄型建造材料和由彎段組成的組件

56、(板材、地板等)。這些元件是在安裝區(qū)外面建造,然后在這個位置組裝的，這樣可以有效的削減變電所建造成本。變電站基本電路的設(shè)計,是根據(jù)企業(yè)的供電系統(tǒng)特征選擇的。變電站電壓的主接線，變壓器和輸出電纜線路,當(dāng)前導(dǎo)體的二次電壓,變電站安裝的設(shè)備和元件等多種設(shè)備的組合要非常合理。變電站的電路設(shè)計要爭取切換裝置的最簡化,和數(shù)目的最少化。這樣的變電站更可靠、更經(jīng)濟。電路簡化是采用自動接入或自動轉(zhuǎn)入儲備的方法,允許快速和無錯誤的自動接入每一個元件和用電設(shè)備。當(dāng)設(shè)計工業(yè)用變電站時,下面的基本因素都要考慮在；1.優(yōu)先采用兩編組的單總線系統(tǒng),可以確保可靠和經(jīng)濟的供應(yīng)電力；2.配套建設(shè)和廣泛使用；3.變電站使用自動化設(shè)

57、備并且支持遙測技術(shù)，如果變電站的設(shè)計并不支持自動化或遙測、線路要安全而且不允許添加設(shè)備，確保以后沒有過度投資和返工；4.使用簡單、便宜的裝置，有絕緣裝置的斷路器、斷路開關(guān)、過載保護隔離器、保險絲,預(yù)估計他們的交換容量,可考慮大幅度削減昂貴的器件需要和臨界油、真空管、螺線管和空氣開關(guān)的使用。變電站中開關(guān)電路的使用,要采用合理的流程來裝配,允許它們同時斷開而不破壞斷開連接的生產(chǎn)流程；變電站線路的架設(shè)過程中最重要的一點是要妥善安排與選擇轉(zhuǎn)換器件(開關(guān)、隔離器、電流限制器、避雷器、高低壓熔斷器等),這決定了變電站的用途、功能和意義。變電站是電力系統(tǒng)中不可缺少的重要組成部分，它擔(dān)負著電能轉(zhuǎn)換和分配的任務(wù)

58、，對電網(wǎng)的安全和經(jīng)濟運行起著舉足輕重的作用，是聯(lián)系發(fā)電廠和用戶的中間環(huán)節(jié)。隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，電網(wǎng)容量不斷擴大，對電網(wǎng)運行的可靠性要求也越來越高?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展、智能化開關(guān),光電式電流電壓互感器,一次運行設(shè)備,在線狀態(tài)檢測,變電站運行操作培訓(xùn)仿真等高新技術(shù)日趨成熟,以及光纖技術(shù)、計算機高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)在實時系統(tǒng)中的開發(fā)應(yīng)用,勢必對現(xiàn)有的變電站自動化技術(shù)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響,全數(shù)字化的變電站自動化系統(tǒng)成為發(fā)展的趨勢。電力系統(tǒng)是由生產(chǎn)、輸送、分配和消費電能的各種電氣設(shè)備連接在一起組成。由于電能無法大量儲存，必須保證用電和電能生產(chǎn)的平衡。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進步，我們國家的電力技術(shù)發(fā)展已經(jīng)達到一定的水平。智能化開關(guān),光電式電流電壓互感器,一次運行設(shè)備在線狀態(tài)檢測,變電站運