金融管理 外文翻譯 外文文獻 英文文獻 中國的政府一種投資項目管理的新模式

1、a new management model of governmental investment projects in chinacm is a construction model in which owners commit their project to construction manager to take charge of the whole management，including feasibility research，designing，procedure，construction，operation and so oncm project manager has

2、the right to pick up contractors and architects under the limitation of the contractin china，agent construction system is called turnkey, and is a management model of engineering construction by means of consigning the project to specialized engineering management organization that is called agent o

3、wner, who is familiar to laws，regulations，and construction procurementsagent owners are responsible for the control of investment management and construction of the projectafter the project has been finished，agent owners will turn the project over to ownersin china，agent construction system speciall

4、y applies in the area of governmental investment projectin the pastproject construction adopted the conventional management models，such as part apart b contract，headquarters，and infrastructure department and so onthese project management models brought about many deficiencies，such as nonprofessional

5、 management，overspending investment budget，and corruption phenomena，etcbut agent construction system can overcome these shortcomings. agent construction system embodies the principle of fair, open and just for investors，deputy and userit nails their rights and obligations down with contracts；the pro

6、ject is operated in the light of biding，contract，and supervisiondeputies can easily control the investment and scale of projectmoreover, agent construction system can guarantee the quality of design and construction，and decrease the project cost，for deputies accumulate lots of experience in professi

7、onal technology and management in practice for a long timein short，because of the separation of construction，management and use，agent construction system makes for implementing the goal of financial mechanism，laws and marketit can stimulate deputies to control investment and improve qualityfurthermo

8、re，the specialized team has guaranteed the specialized levels of project construction and managementthis agent construction system，a new management model of engineering construction ，is adapted to governmental investment project in chinawith deepening of the reform，it is necessary that agent constru

9、ction system is gradually popular in china.2reviews on experimental practice of agent construction systemamong practical experiments of agent construction system， shanghai an d shenzhen are typical of experimental citiesin 1999，shanghai pudong consultant company was committed by shanghai planning co

10、mmission and wholly took charge of construct shanghai fiscal projectit is the beginning of agent construction system in shanghaiin december 2001，shanghai municipality issued “suggestions on promoting the experience about reform of construction management system of governmental investment projects.”t

11、he issue focused on separating the function of govemental investment from investment managementit can radically change government furnctionsin addition，it is helpful to set up the owners status of investment and promote the foundation of engineering management marketafter the issue comissen to being

12、，the owners status of investment for governmental investment project has been establishedunder agent construction model，engineering management firms that act as agent owners accept the commission of government and manage the governmental investment projects. there are more than 20 provinces or citie

13、s to use agent construction system to construction governmental investment projects or public projectsin april 1998，shanxi province founded a general construction management office to act for the owner of non-profit important project invested by governmentbeijing issued “management methods of agent

14、construction model for govermental investment project in beijing” on march 1，2004according to the situation，two groups of agent construction model have been formedone is the shenzhen model that the appointed organization takes on the owner and manager of project，which refers to hongkong mode1another

15、 is the shanghai model，which adopts active measures，cultivates many engineeringmanagement firms，and properly separates the function of owner from project management3analysis oil the problems existing in the course of practice of agent constructionmodel3.1 the kind，qualification，operation of deputy n

16、eed to be clarified. first，the kind of deputy affects the foundation of agent construction models regulationsas far as the present situation is concerned，there are three types of deputies，namely enterprise，public institution，government bodythat different places adopt different types causes a confuse

17、d situation and does harm to the operation of agent construction mode1second，the qualification of deputies is different and needs to perfect againthird，the operation mode is differentsome are that the deputies under owners commission employ funds，and build and manage the project all over the whole p

18、rocess；some are that the joint departments established by owners anddeputies construct and manage，and then appropriate fundsfinally, agent scope is too narrowagent construction model is limited to the public welfare project invested or dominated by government3.2 agent construction model lacks of uni

19、form regulationfirst，deputies as the erectors and administrators of project needed to check budgets and ratify fundsthus original financial application，compilation of budget，and appropriation of funds should harmonize between user and agency and renew regulationsecond，the host of financial managemen

20、t and accounting accounts is not clearin the agent model，the project works in earlier stage maybe are finished by agencies；at one time，user purchases chief equipment by itselfbecause user and agent both use funds，the problems come into being：who is the host of accounting，who should take charge of fi

21、nancial management，and who complete final accounts. third，the standard of agencies comissions hasnt uniform regulationdifferent places adopt different standardssome determine the agencies comissions according to contractors administrative expenses；some adopt costs adding axes and proper profits； 3.3

22、 agencies are weak and a fair agency market hasnt been formedfirst，as a whole，the quality of agencies isnt highmany agencies transit from original construction units，engineering consulting firms，engineering supervisor firms，engineering procurement firms，so their economic strengths，stafs quality, int

23、ernal governance and so on cant reach the requestsecond，the number of agencies is not largein fact，only when many agencies join it，a fair, effective agency market may be foundedbut in our country, the number of qualified agencies is little and cant meet the demand of market competition4 . the perfec

24、tion of regulation of agent construction systemgovermment department should summarize the experimental experiences and set down the regulations to direct the operation of agent model in the kind，qualification，operation type，responsibilities，project scope，agent mode of agencies and so on4.1 type of a

25、gent organizationsfrom the trend of development，the main type of agencies is enterpriseas far as status quo is concerned，government bodies in china are so over starfed that fiscal burden is too heavyso the policy has been implemented in order to simplify the government departments and reduce the sta

26、ftrimmerif the type of agencies isgovernment body or public institute，it deviates the policy of the govermment and aggravates the fiscal burdenthus the chief type of agencies should be enterprises who self-operate and self-take on profits or loss4.2 qualification of agent firmsagencies must be quali

27、fied engineering management firms and generally have some basic conditions as followsfirst，they own the qualification of a levelsecond，they have more than one year experience of engineering management，and have taken on the total management of a project which financial amount is over 100million rmbth

28、ird，engineering management firms demand more registered capitals if they take on the larger investment projects. fourth，the chief and technical principals should own higher qualification，the experiences and the capabilities of conduct，harmony, organization；or take charge of a project invested over 1

29、00 million rmbfifth，they have designated a numbers of professional certificates，including higher engineer, higher economist，registered cost engineer, registered structure engineer, registered supervision engineer and agency qualificationfurther more，they have the capabilities of checking design，audi

30、ting budgets，supervising engineering quality and safety4.3 execution of agent worksby now, the level of agencies is low on the wholemost agencies cant meet the required qualification，lack practical experiences of total management and conductionin addition，we lack of laws and regulations about agent

31、model，and the depth of external surveillance isnt enoughthus，we may adopt two kinds of ways inexecuting agent projectsone kind is dividing the project into two parts：site preparing works are consigned an agency to manage；construction works are consigned and other agencyanother kind is that total wor

32、ks are consigned an agency who has higher qualified engineering management firm to dowe should enhance the strength of engineering firm and promote the latter kind4. 4 scope of agent projectat present，the scope of agent project is narrower and only is limited to public welfare projects invested by g

33、overnmentso we need enlarge the scope of agent projectsagent model is based on the theory of principal agent，restricts the behaviors of correlative attendees according to contracts，and makes their rights equal to the responsibilitiesin fact，agent model only is a mode of engineering management. many

34、projects can utilize it，not only the non-profits governmental investment projectit is prescribed for ordinary non operation project to adoptagent model in “management methods of agent model for governmental investment project in beijing” 中國的政府一種投資項目管理的新模式cm是業(yè)主向項目經(jīng)理承諾到施工現(xiàn)場采取整體管理工作一個建筑模型，包括可行性研究，設計，程序

35、，施工，運營等。cm中的項目經(jīng)理有權根據(jù)合同的限制來管理承包商和建筑師。在中國，代建制稱為交鑰匙，是由委托的專業(yè)工程項目管理組織來完成，就是所謂的代理業(yè)主，它要熟悉法律，法規(guī)和工程采購和工程建設管理模式。代理業(yè)主要向投資管理和項目建設控制負責。項目建成完成后，代理業(yè)主把項目移交給業(yè)主。在中國，代理建設系統(tǒng)特別適用于對政府投資項目的領域。在過去，工程建設采用了傳統(tǒng)的管理模式，如甲乙方合同，總部和基礎設施部門等等。這些項目的管理模式帶來了許多缺陷，如非專業(yè)工程管理，投資預算超支和腐敗現(xiàn)象等等，但是代建制可以克服這些缺點。代建制對于投資者，代理機構(gòu)和用戶來說，體現(xiàn)了公平，公開和公正的原則。它根據(jù)合同

36、規(guī)定了各自的權利和義務與合同，項目的運作的招標要符合合同的約定和監(jiān)督。代表們可以很容易地控制投資和項目規(guī)模。此外，代建制“可以保證的設計和施工的質(zhì)量，降低工程成本，在很長時間內(nèi)為代表們積累了專業(yè)技術和管理方面的經(jīng)驗?？傊捎谑┕し蛛x，管理的使用，代理建設的制度，實現(xiàn)了金融機制，法律和市場的目標。它可以刺激代表們控制投資和提高質(zhì)量。此外，各專門小組已經(jīng)保證了項目建設和管理的專業(yè)化水平。該代理建設制度是一個工程建設管理的新模式，它是適應于中國政府投資項目。隨著改革的深化，它是必要的，代建制在中國正逐漸流行。2.重新看待代建制試點工作代建制之中，上海和深圳的實際實驗是試點城市的典型。 1999年，

37、上海計委完全注意到上海財政建設項目由上海浦東咨詢公司計劃收費。這是上海建設系統(tǒng)中代理人的開始。2001年12月，上海市全面發(fā)出了“關于促進有關政府投資建設項目管理體制改革經(jīng)驗的建議?！?這就分開了從投資管理的重點是政府投資職能的問題。它可以從根本上轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能。此外，它有利于建筑業(yè)主投資的地位，夯實了工程管理的市場基礎。問題存在之后，業(yè)主對政府投資項目的投資地位已經(jīng)確立。 在代建制模式下，工程項目管理公司作為代理人業(yè)主接受政府委托和管理政府投資項目的行為。有20多個省市使用了代理建設制度，其中包括政府投資建設項目或公共工程項目。1998年4月，山西省成立了一個綜合性的建設管理辦公室，為非營利政

38、府投資業(yè)主行為的重要項目負責。在2004年3月1日，北京發(fā)表“北京市政府投資項目建設模式中的代理管理辦法”。 根據(jù)這種情況，兩組的代理建設模式已經(jīng)形成。一個是深圳模式，即指定組織采取的擁有人及項目經(jīng)理，這是指香港模式。另一個是上海模式，采用積極措施，培育許多工程管理公司，并妥善分開項目管理中的所有者職能。3.代理建設模型實踐過程中存在問題分析3.1分類，資格，運營需要弄清首先，這種影響了代建制模式的法規(guī)根基。至于目前的情況而言，有三種類型的代表，即企業(yè)，事業(yè)單位和政府機構(gòu)。不同地方有不同的類型，這樣會導致混亂局面，并危害到代建制模式1的操作。第二，代表資格是不同的，需要再完善。第三，運作模式是不同的。有些代表們是業(yè)主委員會用資金聘來的，在建設和管理整個過程中; 有些人，通過業(yè)主成立了聯(lián)合部門負責建設和管理，并獲得適當?shù)馁Y金。最后，代理范圍過于狹窄.代理建設模式僅限于由政府投資或主導的公益事業(yè)工程項目。3.2代建制模式缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)定首先，作為建設者代表，需要去檢查和批準預算資金的項目管理。因此，原來的財務應用，預算編制和撥款應協(xié)調(diào)機構(gòu)，用戶，更新的監(jiān)管之間的關系。第二，財務