高考試題分類匯編書(shū)面表達(dá)教考資源

1、 2010年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試分類匯編-書(shū)面表達(dá)提綱作文 passage 1 (2010全國(guó)卷i/寧夏海南卷)假設(shè)你是育才中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。你校將舉辦一次英語(yǔ)演講比賽 (speech contest)希望附近某大學(xué)的外籍教師smith女士來(lái)做評(píng)委。請(qǐng)參照以下比賽通知給她寫(xiě)一封信。英語(yǔ)演講比賽主題：人與自然時(shí)間：6月15日下午2：005：00地點(diǎn)：501教室參賽選手：10名學(xué)生聯(lián)系人：李華（電話44876655）歡迎大家光臨注意：詞數(shù)100左右。*dear ms. smith, _with best wishes,li hua【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：一、 自我介紹；二、 邀請(qǐng)做評(píng)委；

2、三、 演講主題；四、 比賽時(shí)間；五、 參賽選手；六、 聯(lián)系方式。注：信中無(wú)需出現(xiàn)比賽地點(diǎn)，但寫(xiě)出亦不扣分?！緟⒖挤段摹縟ear ms smith, im li hua, chairman of the student union of yucai middle school, whichis close to your university. im writing to invite youto be a judge at our english speech contest to be held in our school on june 1st. it will start at 2:00

3、 pm and last for about three hours. ten students will deliver their speechesonthegiventopic “man andthe nature”. we hope you will accept our invitationifitis convenient for you. please call me at 446765560, if you have any questions. i am looking forward to your reply.with best wishes,li hua passage

4、 2 （2010全國(guó)卷ii）假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國(guó)筆友peter層表示希望來(lái)中國(guó)教書(shū)。你校現(xiàn)在需招聘外教，請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)封信，告知招聘信息。內(nèi)容主要包括：1.教授課程：英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作、今日美國(guó)、今日英語(yǔ)等2.授課對(duì)象：高中生（至少三年英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)）3.工作量：每周12學(xué)時(shí)，任選三門(mén)課擔(dān)任學(xué)生英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部或英語(yǔ)校報(bào)顧問(wèn)（advisor）注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好，請(qǐng)將完整的回信書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡上。*dear peter,i remember you told me you were interested in teaching in china._be

5、st,li hua【參考范文】dear peter,i remember you told me you were interested in teaching in china. our school now is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to senior high students. if you come, you can choose three of the following four courses: speaking, writing, britain today and american toda

6、y, and teach of english learning experiences. besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor to our students english club or our schools english newspaper.please tell me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions. id be more than happy to help.best,li hua passage 3 (2010天津卷)假

7、設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的高中生李華。你校擬選拔一批優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小學(xué)為學(xué)生輔導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)。你希望參加此活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，用英語(yǔ)給校評(píng)選組寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信： 對(duì)此活動(dòng)的認(rèn)識(shí)（如對(duì)本人、學(xué)生級(jí)社會(huì)的益處等）個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)（如性格、獨(dú)立生活能力、語(yǔ)言能力等）你的計(jì)劃（如怎樣進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)等）注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于100；2.可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，以使內(nèi)容充實(shí)、行文連貫；3. 信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：晨曦希望小學(xué) chenxi hope schooldear sir or madam,i am li hua from class one, senior two. _此處不能答題 _【參考范文】dear

8、 sir or madam,im li hua from class one, senior two. as far as i am concerned, i believe to teach english for pupils from chen xi hope school will be good for both the primary-school students and high-school student tutor, which thus will result in substantial social benefits.i think i am qualified f

9、or being the pupils english coach, because i have good character, being independent in life and proficient in english. thats why i apply for the position; i hope i can join the instructive activity.my plan for coaching the pupils is to teach them by listening, speaking, reading and writing. whats mo

10、re important is to stimulate their interests in learning english as a foreign language, creating a good learning environment. i hope you can offer the opportunity.yours sincerely,li hua passage 4 （2010重慶卷）假設(shè)你是李華，于2010年6月3日搭乘國(guó)外某航空公司航班（fright number ba793）回國(guó)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)遺失了一個(gè)行李箱（suitcase）?，F(xiàn)請(qǐng)用英文給該航空公司寫(xiě)一封信，請(qǐng)他們幫你

11、尋找。信件要點(diǎn)包括：l 陳述寫(xiě)信原因l 簡(jiǎn)要描述該行李l 說(shuō)明其重要性l 期待回復(fù)并表示感謝注意：1詞數(shù)100左右2信件格式已為你給出3請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上作答。【參考范文】dear sir/madam,im li hua. i took the flight ba793 on june 3, 2010. but when i came to my home, i found i lost a suicase. i am writing to you to request you to help me find it back.my suitcase is a small blue one with

12、a zip. there is a lable on the handle with my name and address on it. it is really important for me, because i had put all my important documents in it, including my id card, passport and so on. besides, it si what my father sent to me on my birthday.thanks for your kind consideration and i look for

13、ward to receiving your earliest reply.yours truly, li hua. passage 5 （2010安徽卷） 假如你將參加某英語(yǔ)雜志社開(kāi)展的一次征文活動(dòng)，征文的內(nèi)容要求你在電視、手機(jī)(cell)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)三者中，放棄其中一個(gè)并陳述理由。請(qǐng)你以“which would you give up: tv, cell, or web?”為題，寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文。注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫.寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：1. 電視、手機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及；2. 自己的選擇；3. 陳述理由。【參考范文】we are now living in an info

14、rmation age, in which tv, cells and the web are widely used. it seems that many people cannot enjoy themselves without them. however, if i had to give up one of them, i would turn off the tv rather than switch off my cell or cut off the internet. i could do without tv because few shows take my fancy

15、 and therere too many commercials. besides,most programs on tv are also available elsewhere.as for cells and the web, they are more necessary to me. i need a cell to keep in touch with my friends and family, and almost all information can be gathered on the internet. passage 6 (2010遼寧卷)你校學(xué)生會(huì)需招聘一名留學(xué)生

16、做英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)顧問(wèn)，請(qǐng)你以短文形式寫(xiě)一則招聘啟事。內(nèi)容主要包括：母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)，漢語(yǔ)流利者優(yōu)先解答用語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題，協(xié)助組織英語(yǔ)活動(dòng)每周4小時(shí)，報(bào)酬面議聯(lián)系人：李華（tel注意：1。詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.啟事標(biāo)語(yǔ)和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：1. 這是一則招聘啟事，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2. 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)要全面，不能有遺漏。one possible versionenglish advisor wantedthe student union of our school decides to invite an international student

17、to work as an english study advisor next term. the main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practice their oral english, answering their questions, and helping organize activities such as singing english songs, english evenings, or lectures on interesting topics.the applicant

18、 should be a native speaker of english. fluency in chinese is preferred. the advisor is expected to work 4 hours per week.if you are interested, please call li hua atfor an interview. payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.student unionyucai high schoolpassage 7

19、（2010山東卷）假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，你和在上海上學(xué)的英國(guó)朋友tom約好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴約。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)給他寫(xiě)一封電子郵件：1. 表示歉意；2. 解釋原因；3. 另約時(shí)間。注意：1. 詞數(shù)120150；【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】本次高考作文要求考生寫(xiě)一封電子郵件，而實(shí)際上從寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容來(lái)看就是一篇致歉信，因此從命題上更加生活化，符合了語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)以致用的原則，同時(shí)注重考查考生的書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。雖然提示要點(diǎn)僅有12個(gè)字，但寫(xiě)作任務(wù)界定明確，同時(shí)又具有一定的開(kāi)放性，符合考生的英語(yǔ)水平，各層次的考生均能夠發(fā)揮自己的水平，展示其英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力?！緟⒖挤段摹縟ear tom: how are y

20、ou going? we made a plan that we would travel in beijing together next week. while, i should apologize to you because i cannot go there on time for the reasons as follows. first, i cannot deny that it can help us broaden our horizon and deepen our mind when we travel in beijing. however, the governm

21、ent encourages us students to go to shanghai due to the fact that the expo is being held in shanghai now. as the saying goes, strike while the iron is hot. after finish my college entrance examination, i am eager to learn something about study from the expo to prepare for my education in college. in

22、 addition, i have been busy with the preparation of the college entrance examination for about half a year and got tired. i need some time to relax instead of traveling. for the reasons that i mentioned above, i want to show my apology again. and would you please reschedule your time? shall we trave

23、l in beijing after two weeks? i am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. yours, li hua passage 8 （2010陜西卷）假定你是李華。你們學(xué)校和一所美國(guó)中學(xué)簽署了教師交流協(xié)議。在過(guò)去的一年里，你們的英文老師是來(lái)自這所中學(xué)的sue wood。不久前她返回美國(guó)任教。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)和要求給sue寫(xiě)封電子郵件。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：1.對(duì)她表達(dá)感謝之意;2.介紹她離開(kāi)后你自己及班里發(fā)生的事情;3.希望了解她的近況。要求：1.短文須寫(xiě)在答題卡的指定區(qū)域。2.短文詞數(shù)

24、不少于100（不含已寫(xiě)好的部分）。3.內(nèi)容充實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語(yǔ)意連貫。4.書(shū)寫(xiě)須清晰、工整。5.郵件中不能體現(xiàn)本人真實(shí)信息。dear sure,im li hua, one of your students in china.【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】這篇作文屬提綱類作文。提綱類作文一般有較多的文字提示或說(shuō)明，要求表達(dá)的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)大多數(shù)以提綱的形式給出，并且比較具體明確。這種作文實(shí)際上規(guī)定了考生的表達(dá)范圍，量化了寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)，不允許考生回避任何一項(xiàng)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容?？忌诒ＷC內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)全部囊括的基礎(chǔ)上要充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，進(jìn)而組織自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)某種思想，從而使得該題型的寫(xiě)作具有一定的靈活性，能較好地體現(xiàn)考生的英語(yǔ)思維想象

25、能力。 需要注意的問(wèn)題是：這類題目包括了很多文字說(shuō)明，很容易使書(shū)面表達(dá)變成翻譯，因而考生應(yīng)該首先梳理要點(diǎn)，理清文章層次，靈活運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，采用不同的表達(dá)方式將試題要求的要點(diǎn)完整準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來(lái)。主題時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 中心人稱：第一人稱結(jié)構(gòu)：首段，表達(dá)對(duì)sue wood的想念和感激之意。 第二段介紹她離開(kāi)后你自己及班里發(fā)生的事情，時(shí)態(tài)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第三段了解她的近況，表達(dá)自己的愿望及祝福。 最后在右下角署名。表達(dá)感謝常用句型：thank you /thanks for.we appreciate that.we are grateful for.詢問(wèn)對(duì)方近況常用句型：how is everyt

26、hing with you lately?is everything going well lately?表達(dá)愿望和祝福常用句型：im looking forward to your reply.i hope to .best wishes.everything goes well.all the best.署名時(shí)的常用語(yǔ)：yours, yours sincerely, 【參考范文】dear sure,im li hua, one of your students in china. its almost a month since you left us. we all miss you a

27、nd are very grateful for what you did for us.we are busy as usual. we had an english speech contest the other day. i won the first prize! this again reminds me of all your kind help. do you still remember the trees we planted together on the hill behind the school? yesterday, we went there and water

28、ed them. the tree you planted yourself is growing well, and the whole class decided to name it sue wood. will you come back to see sue wood?how is everything with you lately? we hope to know more about you and your american students. hope to keep in close touch.all the best.li hua passage 9 （2010四川卷

29、）假定你校將舉行一個(gè)成人儀式，你將作為代表在儀式上發(fā)言。請(qǐng)你按以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備一篇英文發(fā)言稿。1.過(guò)去對(duì)成年的向往；2.現(xiàn)在的感受和認(rèn)識(shí)；3.將來(lái)的目標(biāo)及措施。參考詞匯：責(zé)任 responsibility注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫；3.發(fā)言稿的開(kāi)頭與結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好（不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）good morning，everyone！the topic of my speech today is “thoughts on becoming a grown-up”. thank you for listening.【參考答案】good morning, everyone!t

30、he topic of my speech today is “thoughts on becoming a grown-up”.as a child, i always hoped that i could grow up as soon as possible so that i could have whatever i wanted and do whatever i liked. now im a grown-up, but i find things do not go as i expected. although i can enjoy more freedom, at the

31、 same time i realize that being a grown-up not only means this, but also more responsibilities. i hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. to reach the goal, i must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university

32、.(106words)thank you for your listening. passage 10 （2010浙江卷）最近，李越被評(píng)為你們班的“每周之星”。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)她的事跡(在上周六下午，不顧天氣炎熱，為班級(jí)選購(gòu)歌詠比賽服裝)，用英語(yǔ)為班級(jí)板報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇l00一120個(gè)詞的短文。你的文章應(yīng)包括下列要點(diǎn)：1李越的事跡及其對(duì)同學(xué)的影響； 2你的評(píng)論。 注意：1文章的標(biāo)題和開(kāi)頭已給出(不計(jì)詞數(shù))。2參考詞匯： singing contest 歌詠比賽costume 服裝star student of the weekli yue has been awarded the title of star

33、student of the week for what she did for our class._【參考范文】star student of the week li yue has been awarded the title of star student of the week for what she did for our class. on the hot afternoon of last saturday, li yue went downtown and walked from one store to another, looking for the costumes

34、we would wear in the singing contest. while the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time in cool and comfortable rooms, she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting. finally, she found the right clothes. deeply moved by her efforts, we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest.

35、 li yue is always warm-hearted and cares a lot about the class. besides, she often devotes her spare time to helping others. she has set a good example for us. therefore, she deserves the honor and we should learn from her.圖畫(huà)作文/ 漫畫(huà)作文 passage 1 （2010北京卷情景作文） 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二(1)班的學(xué)生李華，利用上周末的時(shí)間幫助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅

36、行。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫(xiě)一篇英文周記，敘述你從準(zhǔn)備到送行的全過(guò)程。 注意：1周記的開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好。 2詞數(shù)不少于60。last weekend, i helped my grandparents prepare their trip to beidaihe.【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】主體時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去式 中心人稱：第一人稱結(jié)構(gòu)：按時(shí)間順序，先寫(xiě)提前在網(wǎng)上查詢有關(guān)周末的天氣，到北戴河的火車(chē)票及北戴河當(dāng)?shù)氐馁e館的住宿情況，接下來(lái)寫(xiě)去排隊(duì)買(mǎi)票，然后寫(xiě)為祖父母打點(diǎn)行李，最后寫(xiě)到車(chē)站為他們送行。注意：.要選用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞，把圖中的四個(gè)活動(dòng)連接起來(lái)，使之成為一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。.要避免使用單一的一般過(guò)去式的簡(jiǎn)單句

37、，以免顯得過(guò)于單調(diào)?！緟⒖挤段摹縧ast weekend, i helped my grandparents prepare their trip to beidaihe. on saturday morning, together with my grandparents, i searched the internet for the train schedule, the weather in beidaihe, and some hotel information. in the afternoon, i went to the train station and managed to

38、 buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long queue. after dinner, i packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents reed, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. the next morning, i went to the station to see them off. waving goodbye to them on the platform, i felt ha

39、ppy for them and wished them a safe journey.passage 2下圖是小學(xué)新生的課堂一腳，對(duì)照你當(dāng)時(shí)的上課情況，作出比較并談?wù)勀愕母惺?。你的作文必須包括：描述圖片里學(xué)生上課的場(chǎng)景比較你同時(shí)期的上課情況簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)勀愕母惺堋緟⒖挤段摹縤n the picture, theres a scene where some foreign school children in grade one are having a class and its obvious that they are all putting up their hands voluntaril

40、y answering questions.this picture brings back my school days to me when i was in grade one. the difference is that not all of us raised hands when questioned, since some of us were afraid that we would make mistakes or that we would be criticized by teachers if we were wrong. in fact, we were not e

41、ncouraged to express our own ideas freely.as far as im concerned, education abroad is preferable. nowadays, quality-oriented education is being advocated. all the students should be encouraged to voice different viewpoints. only in this way can students take an active part in class and after-class a

42、ctivities and achieve all-round development.passage 3 （2010福建卷）假設(shè)你是李華，福建省某中學(xué)高中學(xué)生，今年暑假將前往澳大利亞參加主題為 “water for life” 的交流活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你以參訪代表的身份，根據(jù)以下圖片提示，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿。 注意：1.根據(jù)圖片的內(nèi)容適當(dāng)展開(kāi)，以使行文連貫；2.開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾已寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3.文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的具體信息；4.詞數(shù)：120左右。參考詞匯：短缺 shortage; 資源 resourceladies and gentlemen, good morning, im li hua from

43、 fujian, china. its my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it._thats all. thank you.【參考范文】ladies and gentlemen, good morning. im li hua from fujian, china. its my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and

44、ways of dealing with it. as we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. therefore, its high time we did something about it.firstly, an effective way, i think, is to reserve water in a sci

45、entific way for futureuse. secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. last but not least, its everyones responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and

46、saving water in our daily life.in conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically. thats all. thank you.passage 4 （2010廣東卷基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作） 以下是一則關(guān)于中國(guó)政府決定禁煙的報(bào)道的主要內(nèi)容。內(nèi) 容：公共場(chǎng)所禁煙實(shí)施時(shí)間：2011年1月1日起

47、實(shí)施范圍：全國(guó)目 標(biāo)：所有室內(nèi)公共場(chǎng)所無(wú)煙措 施：張貼禁煙標(biāo)志相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)：（1）吸煙人數(shù)：約3.5億（2）分 布：男性75；女性：25（3）受二手煙影響人數(shù)：約5.4億（4）因二手煙死亡人數(shù)：超過(guò)10萬(wàn)/年二手煙：second-hand smoke寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容給學(xué)校英語(yǔ)墻報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇通訊，內(nèi)容包括：1.禁煙決定的內(nèi)容及實(shí)施的時(shí)間和范圍;2.目標(biāo)和措施;3.相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。寫(xiě)作要求只能用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫?！緟⒖挤段摹?china begins to carry out the policy to prevent smoking in publi

48、c buildings since january 1st, 2011. the main aim is to make every public rooms have no smoke by posting the sign of no smoking. there are 350 million people smoking recently, in which the male hold 75 percent and the female hold 25 percent. because of these smokers, about 540 million non-smokers ar

49、e influenced. more than 100 thousand people per year die because of the second smoke.圖表作文 passage 1 （2010江蘇卷）假設(shè)你應(yīng)邀參加學(xué)校組織的“英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)師生座談會(huì)”，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表所提示的信息，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿，簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的情況，并對(duì)學(xué)校今后的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)提出建議。自己英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的情況1. 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的目的2. 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方法3. 課外自學(xué)的途徑對(duì)學(xué)校英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的建議（請(qǐng)考生根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷與感想，提出兩至三點(diǎn)建議）。注意：1.對(duì)所給要點(diǎn)逐一陳述，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯。2.詞數(shù)150左右。開(kāi)頭和

50、結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)人總詞數(shù)。3.文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。dear teacher and schoolmates, its a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning english with you. _thank you for listening.【參考范文】dear teacher and schoolmates, its a great pleasure for me to be today and share my experience of learning

51、english with you. im interested in english and hope to be an interpreter in the future. naturally its very important for me to learn english well. as everybody knows, vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building. i usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible. after class. i often listen to english programs on tv and on the radio. besides