建筑學(xué)專業(yè)外文翻譯建筑設(shè)計(jì)空間中的語(yǔ)法（可編輯）

1、建筑學(xué)專業(yè)外文翻譯-建筑設(shè)計(jì)空間中的語(yǔ)法 外文原文space syntax in architectural design design is a sophisticated cognitive activity. in architecture, this activity begins by generating an abstract idea and continues by transforming it to concrete spatial formations. whether it is called as “image” alexander, 1964, “primary

2、generator” darke, 1984, “conjecture” hillier, et al., 1984, “organising principle” rowe, 1987 or concept lawson, 2003 all refers to the same: the idea that makes an architectural design unique or different from all others. finding a unique way in which spaces are formulated to reflect these ideas co

3、nstitutes the next step of design activity; in other words to find a way to transform these abstract ideas into spatial formations. by generating different proposals and testing them, the architect consolidates his/her ideas or re-defines them in order to gain satisfied spatial formations. this pape

4、r investigates the research theme by focusing on: 1. design activity itself, its nature and architectural design process, 2. space syntax itself, its main idea and its role in architectural ractice. space syntax is theory of space and a set of analytical, quantitative and descriptive tools for analy

5、sing the spatial formations in different forms: buildings, cities, interior spaces or landscapes hillier and hanson, 1984, hillier, 1996. main interest of space syntax is the relation between human beings and their inhabited spaces. it is believed that distinctive characteristics of societies exist

6、within spatial systems, and their knowledge is conveyed through space itself, and through the organisation of spaces dursun and saglamer, 2003. space syntax calls this relational characteristic of space as configuration and proposed the idea that it is this characteristic forms the human behaviour t

7、hus contains the social knowledge. the aim of space syntax research is to develop strategies of description for configuring inhabited spaces in such a way that the underlying social meaning can be enunciated. this is turn can allow for secondary theories or often practical explanations to be develop

8、ed regarding the effects of spatial configuration on various social or cultural variables. a related theme in space syntax research is to understand configured space itself, particularly its formative process and its social meaning bafna, 2003. in brief, space syntax is an attempt to constitute a co

9、nfigurational theory in architecture by generating a theoretical understanding of how people make and use spatial configurations, in other words, an attempt to identify how spatial configurations express a social or cultural meaning and how spatial configurations generate the social interactions in

10、built environments. great variety of research and publication shows that earliest space syntax works focused on real environments and tried to identify the intrinsic nature of man made environments. by developing consistent techniques for the representation and analysis of spatial patterns, recent s

11、pace syntax works attempt to simulate spatial design proposals and arrive at a basis for predicting how they would work. “space syntax research is reason based, and more rigorous than most, but it has effectively led to the study of architectural intuition through its creations. in practice, design

12、proceeds by mixing intuition and reason. space syntax makes the deployment of non-discursive intuition more rational。 design practice in building context: tate britain administration department of tate britain has decided to improve museum layout by providing new exhibition spaces. the idea was to d

13、esign a new wing with a sculpture courtyard as extension to existing gallery. space syntax has been commissioned by tate britain to assist tate britain and its architects allies and morrison. space syntax laboratory has contributed to the design process both by illuminating the social culture in the

14、 museum which was conveyed through the spatial configuration itself and helping architects。 after being defined how the existing spatial layout works spatially, comparative analyses of proposals in term of their possible effects on the museum have been carried out. among the proposals first one inte

15、nded to create a new gallery wing for the permanent collection having a passage entrance through the clore gallery. an external sculpture court was planned at the back of this wing. in the second proposal, some of the new gallery spaces were added on the north side of the building linearly and the o

16、thers were designed at the back of this as a separate wing shaping an open court at the centre. third one introduced a new north wing that will be used as temporary exhibition space and the area which is currently used for temporary exhibition was designed to host the permanent collection. in this o

17、ption, external sculpture court was formed between the new gallery wing and the clore gallery having a link to new caf and bookshop space. this study has illustrated that the space syntax provided a useful tool for people to think about space. by employing evidence based approach, first it became po

18、ssible to capture the spatial characteristics of the museum and then different ideas were tested in terms of their effect on the whole spatial configuration to see how space will be used and experienced by their inhabitants. if design is a kind of activity that can be learned by doing and experienci

19、ng, this approach provides a useful tool for students to learn from their design decisions. this then can lead them in creating new ideas as well as developing and evolving their proposals. design process in architecture is not a systematic or procedural process. it is rather a making and discovery

20、process which proceeds by creating and testing design ideas. by taking into account design constraints, architects use a great variety of science based knowledge as well as his/her individual experiences and beliefs in this process. the way how the architect brings these together or what are his/her

21、 priorities, or how s/he understands and evaluates them is totally subjective. the role of space syntax in architectural design can be summarised as follows: 1. in the dialogue between architect and designed space, space syntax presents a language for thinking and talking about space. this is a lang

22、uage which architects arent familiar to use. it is more scientific, more mathematical. however it is important as it makes non-discursive characteristics of space discursive and puts the space into a more extensive debate. 2. space syntax carries science based knowledge into design process. it estab

23、lishes a link between research and design; in this way constitutes the core of “evidence based design” hanson, 2001. 3. if design is an activity which is learned by making and testing, space syntax contributes to this process by providing tools for architects to explore their ideas, to understand th

24、e possible effects of their proposals, as well as to show how their designs will work. 4. the striking point is that space syntax gives a chance to the architect to evaluate his/her designs not simply as a physical and static entity, but as a living organism, which is experienced by its inhabitants.

25、 this kind of evaluation which is based on the interaction between human beings and designed spaces is differentiated from those which only test or indicate the performance of the space against a number of criteria such as cost, energy consumption, level of light, etc. here, it must be clarified tha

26、t space syntax is only one way of thinking about space by focusing on the organization of spaces, movement patterns and their social meanings. if we think that the architect is the person who has a comprehensive conception about human being and inhabited space, his/her duty must be to be aware of di

27、fferent tools and knowledge resources and to have a capability of using them to lead his/her design thinking. (from: national knowledge infrastructure,cnki)中文譯文建筑設(shè)計(jì)空間中的語(yǔ)法 設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的認(rèn)知活動(dòng)。在建筑,此活動(dòng)開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生一個(gè)抽象的概念,并繼續(xù)將其轉(zhuǎn)化空間形態(tài)。無(wú)論是被稱為“形象”亞歷山大(1964年),“主發(fā)電機(jī)”(達(dá)克,1984年),“猜想”(希利爾等,1984),“組織原則”(羅維,1987)或“概念”勞森(2003)所有

28、指的是相同的:這個(gè)想法,使一個(gè)建筑設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特或與眾不同。找到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的方式制定空間來(lái)反映這些想法構(gòu)成下一步的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng);換句話說(shuō)找到一個(gè)方式使這些抽象的概念轉(zhuǎn)化成空間構(gòu)成。通過(guò)征集不同的建議并測(cè)試它們,建筑師是鞏固他/她的想法,或重新定義他們,只是為了獲得滿意的空間形態(tài)。 本文探討的重點(diǎn)研究主題: 1、計(jì)活動(dòng)本身,其本質(zhì)和建筑學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程 2、語(yǔ)法本身,它的主要思想及其在建筑中的作用 空間語(yǔ)法理論是一套在不同空間形態(tài)中分析不同的空間構(gòu)成,定量和描述的工具:建筑,城市,室內(nèi)空間或景觀(希利爾和漢森,1984年,禧利,1996年)?？臻g語(yǔ)法的主要關(guān)注的是人與人之間的關(guān)系和他們的生存空間。值得相信的是特

29、色鮮明的社會(huì)存在的內(nèi)部空間系統(tǒng),并轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)他們的知識(shí)是通過(guò)空間本身和空間的組織(dursun和saglamer,2003年)?？臻g語(yǔ)法調(diào)用這個(gè)空間的關(guān)系特點(diǎn)配置和提出的想法,就是這一特點(diǎn)形成人類的行為從而包含社會(huì)知識(shí)。 空間語(yǔ)法研究的目的是發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,用這樣一種方式,描述空間配置,從而發(fā)掘潛在的社會(huì)意義。這反過(guò)來(lái)又可以讓二次理論或?qū)嶋H的解釋被開(kāi)發(fā),從而發(fā)展空間構(gòu)成對(duì)各種社會(huì)或文化的變數(shù)的影響?？臻g語(yǔ)法研究中的一個(gè)相關(guān)的主題是:了解配置空間本身,尤其是它的形成過(guò)程以及其社會(huì)意義(bafna,2003年)。 總之,空間語(yǔ)法是意圖在建筑中形成一構(gòu)型理論通過(guò)生成一種人們?nèi)绾沃谱骱褪褂每臻g配置的理論認(rèn)識(shí),換句

30、話說(shuō),是一種試圖定義空間配置如何表達(dá)一個(gè)社會(huì)或文化內(nèi)涵和如何產(chǎn)生空間在建造社會(huì)環(huán)境的相互作用。 各種各樣的研究表明,最早的空間語(yǔ)法的作品側(cè)重于現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境,并試圖確定通過(guò)人的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)建造出來(lái)的環(huán)境。通過(guò)發(fā)展一致技術(shù)表現(xiàn)和分析空間模式,最近空間語(yǔ)法工程試圖模擬空間設(shè)計(jì)建議書(shū),完成預(yù)測(cè)他們將如何工作的基礎(chǔ)事務(wù)?！翱臻g語(yǔ)法研究更為基礎(chǔ),而且比大多數(shù)研究更為嚴(yán)格,它已經(jīng)通過(guò)它的作品有效地帶領(lǐng)建筑直覺(jué)的研究。在實(shí)踐中,設(shè)計(jì)收獲來(lái)源于結(jié)合直覺(jué)和理性。空間語(yǔ)法使得非話語(yǔ)的直覺(jué)部署更合理設(shè)計(jì)建設(shè)方面的實(shí)踐:英國(guó)泰特博物館 管理部門(mén)決定提高英國(guó)泰特博物館的布局提供了新的展覽空間。這個(gè)想法是為了設(shè)計(jì)一種新的翼與雕塑作為延伸到院子里存在畫(huà)廊?？臻g語(yǔ)法已委托英國(guó)泰特協(xié)助英國(guó)泰特藝術(shù)中心和它的建筑師埃里斯和莫里森。 空間語(yǔ)法實(shí)驗(yàn)在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中作出了貢獻(xiàn),照亮社會(huì)文化在博物館設(shè)計(jì)中的轉(zhuǎn)達(dá),通過(guò)本身的空間配置幫助建筑師。 如何在現(xiàn)有的空間,布局空間工程明確后,比較分析在這方面的建議對(duì)博物館有可能產(chǎn)生的影響已