專題12 非謂語動詞（解析版）

1、專題12 非謂語動詞 考點解讀通過分析近幾年中考試題可以看出,非謂語動詞是各地中考常設(shè)考點,主要涉及單項選擇、完形填空、動詞填空與語篇型詞匯運用等題型,考查點多樣,常涉及非謂語動詞三大形式句法效用的考查,具體考點如下：1. 非謂語動詞的基本概念以及與謂語動詞辨析；2. 動詞不定式的基本組成及常見句法效用；3. 含不定式的常見句型或特殊用法；4. 動名詞的組成及常見句法效用；5. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的組成及常見句法效用；6. 易混句型或結(jié)構(gòu)辨析運用。 考向突破充當(dāng)句子謂語的動詞稱為謂語動詞,主要涉及各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)謂語動詞不沖突的原則,一個句子中只能出現(xiàn)一處謂語動詞。在句中,不作謂語的

2、動詞稱為非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞形式固定,包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）三種形式。非謂語動詞不能充當(dāng)句子的謂語,不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制。1. 不定式的句法效用動詞不定式的基本形式：(to) + do, 具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征,充當(dāng)除謂語以外的其他句子成分。其否定形式為：not + (to) do。(1) 不定式作主語動詞不定式可充當(dāng)句子主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：To travel around China is my dream. 環(huán)游中國是我的夢想。動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式置于句后。例如：It is difficult for a

3、 student to answer such a question. 學(xué)生很難回答這樣的問題?！窘?jīng)典例題1】(2019四川涼山)Is it necessary _ us _ some photos before saving the old man?Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.A. of; taking B. for; taking C. of; to take D. for; to take【參考答案】D【解析】句意：對于我們來說,在救老人之前拍照是必要嗎？有必要,如果我們這樣做,我們就能保護(hù)我們自己。根據(jù)句型Its +

4、形容詞+ (for/of sb) + to do sth.可知,第二空處用to take,排除A、B；形容詞necessary不是表示人品質(zhì)、性格的詞,應(yīng)選擇介詞for,選D。此類常用句式有： It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. 意為：做某事花費某人多長時間。例如：It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 我每天步行去學(xué)校要花半個小時。 Its + sbs +名詞 + to do sth. 意為：做某事是某人的 例如：Its my duty to keep the library quie

5、t. 保持圖書館安靜是我的職責(zé)。 Its +形容詞+ (for/of sb) + to do sth. 意為：某人做某事是例如：Its stupid of you to believe him. 你真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。注意：當(dāng)形容詞為kind, careless, clever, wise, foolish, honest, lazy, kind, silly, stupid等描述人的品質(zhì)和特點的詞時,應(yīng)選擇介詞of,其他情況選擇for。例如：It is very kind of you to help me. 你能幫助我真是太好了。Its useful to learn English w

6、ell. 學(xué)好英語是有用的?！窘?jīng)典例題2】(2019內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特) It is wise _ Linda to make up her mind _to play an instrument.A. for; learning B. for; to learn C. of; learning D. of; to learn【參考答案】D【解析】考查固定句型。句意：琳達(dá)下決心學(xué)習(xí)一種樂器是明智的。It + be + adj. for (of) sb. to do sth.意為：某人做某事。形容詞wise（明智的）描述Linda的性格特征,需用of,可排除A、B。make up ones mind

7、 to do sth.意為：決心做某事,固定短語,選D。(2) 不定式作賓語 部分表示希望、打算、命令的動詞后常接動詞不定式作句子賓語。例如：We planned to go hiking. 我們計劃徒步旅行。 They agreed to start early. 他們同意早點兒動身。常見的后跟動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree to do sth同意做某事afford to do sth負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事decide to do sth決定做某事plan to do sth計劃做某事pretend to do sth假裝做某事hope to do sth希望做某事promise to do

8、sth答應(yīng)做某事want to do sth想要做某事refuse to do sth拒絕做某事learn to do sth學(xué)會做某事would like to do sth想要做某事used to do sth過去常做某事offer to do sth主動提出做某事fail to do sth沒能做某事manage to do sth設(shè)法做成某事need to do sth需要做某事expect to do sth期待做某事wish to do sth想要做某事【經(jīng)典例題3】(2019江蘇蘇州) Please stay with me this weekend. Im sorry, but

9、 my father and I planned _ Beijing a long time ago.A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited【參考答案】C【解析】考查動詞不定式作賓語。句意：這個周末請和我呆在一起。對不起,我父親和我很久以前就計劃去北京了。plan to do意為：計劃/打算做某事,plan后常跟動詞不定式作賓語,選C?！窘?jīng)典例題4】(2019江蘇泰州) In his e-mail, David promised _ his daughter during her stay in Japan.A. visiting B. visi

10、t C. visited D. to visit【參考答案】D【解析】考查動詞不定式作賓語。句意：在電子郵件中,大衛(wèi)答應(yīng)過他的女兒在日本逗留期間去探望她。promise后常跟動詞不定式作賓語,意為：答應(yīng)做某事,選D。 在find, think, make等詞后跟動詞不定式作賓語時,常用it作形式賓語,將真正的賓語動詞不定式放在后面,組成句型：sb. find/think/make it + adj. + to do sth. 例如：I find it necessary to learn English well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很有必要。The noise makes it hard for

11、 me to fall asleep. 噪音使我很難入睡。【經(jīng)典例題5】Try to sing more English songs, you will find it interesting _ a foreign language.A. learning B. learns C. learn D. to learn【參考答案】D【解析】考查動詞不定式作賓語。句意：試著唱更多的英文歌曲,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很有趣。當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語時,常用it作形式賓語,將真正的賓語動詞不定式放在后面,組成find it + adj. + to do sth.,意為：發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是,選擇D。 動詞不定式常與疑

12、問詞連用,組成“疑問詞+不定式”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)充作句子賓語,相當(dāng)于賓語從句。例如：Do you know how to get the railway station? 你知道怎么去火車站嗎? I cant decide which one to buy. 我決定不了買哪一個。【經(jīng)典例題6】 We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. Really? Will you please show me _it?A. how to use B. what to use C. how can I use D. what can I use【參

13、考答案】D【解析】考查動詞不定式作賓語。句意：我們可以用QQ在網(wǎng)上聊天。真的嗎?你能教我怎么用嗎?動詞show后可跟賓語從句,需用陳述語序,即：主語在前,謂語在后。選項C與D中的情態(tài)動詞can在主語I之前,組成疑問語序,排除；use意為：使用,為及物動詞,后需跟賓語,it為use的賓語。what為疑問代詞,可以充當(dāng)動詞的賓語,但已有賓語it,重復(fù),排除B。how為疑問副詞,不能充當(dāng)動詞use的賓語,it可作賓語,選擇A。 常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式：Why not do ? Why dont you do ? had better(not) do , would rather do, Co

14、uld/Will/Would you please do ? 例如：I would rather stay in the room. 我寧愿呆在家里?！窘?jīng)典例題7】(2019廣西桂林)Time is limited! Youd better _ your time any more.A. not to waste B. waste C. not waste【參考答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。句意：時間有限！你最好不要再浪費時間了。had better do sth.意為：最好做某事,固定句型,其否定式需在動詞原形前加not；根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)可知,選C。(3) 不定式作表語不定式作表語時,可表示責(zé)任

15、、義務(wù)、愿望等。例如：My work is to clean the classroom every day. 我的工作是每天打掃教室。多數(shù)情況下,不定式作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式作主語。 例如：His wish is to be a policeman. =To be a policeman is his wish. 他的愿望是當(dāng)一名警察。(4) 不定式作賓補(bǔ) 不定式作賓補(bǔ)時,與賓語有邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。例如：Nancy told me to turn up the radio. 南希告訴我把收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)大一點。 tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wis

16、h, warn, allow等動詞后常跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。例如：My brother taught me to read when I was three. 我三歲時,哥哥就教我讀書了。常見的后跟帶to動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：ask sb. to do sth.讓某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事wish sb to do sth希望做某事want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事advise sb to do sth建議某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀請某人做某事exp

17、ect sb to do sth期待某人做某事encourage sb to do sth鼓勵某人做某事teach sb to do sth教某人做某事would like sb. to do sth想要某人做某事order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事【經(jīng)典例題8】(2019重慶B卷) Miss Chen, my dear English teacher, often encourages me _ the challenges in my study.A. face B

18、. faces C. facing D. to face【參考答案】D【解析】句意：陳老師,我親愛的英語老師,經(jīng)常鼓勵我面對學(xué)習(xí)中的挑戰(zhàn)。face意為：面臨,面對,動詞原形；faces動詞三單；facing現(xiàn)在分詞或動名詞；to face動詞不定式。encourage sb. to do sth,意為：鼓勵某人做某事,選D。 感官或使役類動詞后常跟省略to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),但在變被動語態(tài)時,原形前加to還原為動詞不定式。例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week. 這類動詞有：一感(feel),二聽(hear, lis

19、ten to),三讓(have, make, let),四看(watch, see, look at, notice)?！窘?jīng)典例題9】(2019黑龍江哈爾濱) Kids like reading stories which can make them _.A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing【參考答案】A【解析】句意：孩子們喜歡讀能讓他們發(fā)笑的故事。laugh動詞原形；to laugh動詞不定式；laughing分詞或動名詞。make sb. do sth. 意為：讓某人做某事,make后跟動詞原形作賓語補(bǔ)足語,參考答案為A。【經(jīng)典例題10】(2019貴州畢節(jié)) B

20、etty is often seen _ the lonely old man with his housework.A. to help B. helping C. helps D. helped【參考答案】A【解析】句意：貝蒂經(jīng)常被看到幫助老人做家務(wù)。see sb doing意為：看到某人正在做；see sb do意為：看到某人做某事（全過程）。根據(jù)句中is seen可知,本句為被動語態(tài),需加to,即：sb be seen to do,選A。(5) 不定式作定語 不定式作定語時,常放在名詞之后,與所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。例如：I have a lot of work to do.

21、我有很多的工作要做。 如果是不及物動詞,且與所修飾的名詞有動賓關(guān)系,需要在動詞不定式后添加恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。例如：There is nothing to worry about. 沒什么可擔(dān)心的?！窘?jīng)典例題11】(2019遼寧盤錦)My best friend went abroad. I miss her and feel down today.Dont be sad. Here is good news for you _.A. cheer up B. cheering up C. cheered up D. to cheer up【參考答案】D【解析】考查動詞不定式作后置定語。句意：我最好的朋

22、友出國了。我想念她,今天心情很低落。別難過,這兒有讓你振作起來的好消息。動詞不定式（to cheer up）作定語修飾前面的名詞good news,意為：讓你振作起來的好消息,選D。(6) 不定式作狀語動詞不定式可以作目的狀語、原因狀語和結(jié)果狀語。 動詞不定式作目的狀語時,可替換為in order to do sth。 例如：In order to/To catch up with her classmates, she always stays up late. 為了趕上她的同學(xué),她總是熬夜到很晚。(作目的狀語) 【經(jīng)典例題12】(2019河南) Do you always get up s

23、o early?Yes, _ the first bus. My home is far away from school.A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught【參考答案】B【解析】句意：你總是起得這么早嗎？是的,去趕第一班車。我家離學(xué)校很遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)My home is far away from school. 我家離學(xué)校很遠(yuǎn)?？芍?起早（get up so early）的目的是為了趕早班車（the first bus）,因此應(yīng)該用動詞不定式做目的狀語。故選B。 情感情緒類等形容詞后接動詞不定式,組成be+ adj.+to do句式。動詞不定式t

24、o do表示情緒、情感的產(chǎn)生原因。例如：I am sorry to hear that he was ill. 聽到他生病的消息,我很難過。(作原因狀語) The room is large enough to hold 1,000 people. 這個房間足夠大,能夠容納1,000人。(作結(jié)果狀語)2. 動名詞的句法效用動名詞由“動詞原形+-ing”組成,具有名詞的特征,可在句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語等,其否定形式為：not+動詞原形+-ing。具體用法如下:(1) 動名詞作主語動名詞相當(dāng)于名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式?！窘?jīng)典例題13】翻譯：吃水果和蔬菜對你的健康有好處?！緟⒖即鸢?/p>

25、1】Eating fruit and vegetables are good for your health. （錯誤）【參考答案2】Eating fruit and vegetables is good for your health. （正確）【解析】主語不是vegetables,而是Eating vegetables and fruit,主語中心詞是動名詞eating。動名詞作主語時,謂語常用單數(shù)形式。(2) 動名詞作表語動名詞還可以放在系動詞后作表語。例如：Her job is looking after the children. 她的工作是照顧孩子。多數(shù)情況下,動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化為

26、主語。例如：Her job is looking after the children.= Looking after the children is her job.(3) 動名詞作定語動名詞作定語時,常放于被修飾的名詞前,表明所修飾詞的類別或某種用途。 例如：a reading room=a room for reading（用途） yesterdays singing competition 昨天的歌唱比賽（類別）(4) 動名詞作賓語 部分動詞或動詞短語通常只接動名詞作賓語。例如：I enjoy watching science programs on TV, and I spend m

27、uch time doing this. 我喜歡看電視上的科學(xué)節(jié)目,我在這上面花了很多時間。常見的只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語有：enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事feel like doing sth想要做某事keep (on) doing sth堅持做某事mind doing sth介意做某事finish doing sth做完某事practice doing sth練習(xí)做某事consider doing sth考慮做某事cant help doing sth忍不住做某事be busy doing sth忙于做某事be worth doing sth值得做某事have fun d

28、oing sth玩得開心have trouble doing sth做某事有困難avoid doing sth.避免做某事give up doing sth.放棄做某事【經(jīng)典例題14】(2019湖北鄂州) Jimmy, I dont like my classmate Bob. He is so noisy.Oh, so he is. But you cannot avoid _ him. He sits next to you.A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. to meeting【參考答案】C【解析】句意：Jimmy,我不喜歡我的同學(xué)Bob,他太吵了。哦,的

29、確這樣,但是你不可避免的見到他,他就坐在你旁邊。meet意為：遇見,動詞原形；to meet動詞不定式；meeting動名詞；to meeting介詞to后跟動名詞。謂語動詞avoid意為：避免,后常跟動名詞doing作賓語,組成avoid doing sth.避免做某事,選C?！窘?jīng)典例題15】(2019福建) I have trouble_ English, Mr. Lee. Why not go to the English Corner and try to talk with others?A. reading B. writing C. speaking【參考答案】C【解析】句意：李

30、先生,我說英語有困難。為什么不去英語角嘗試著和其他人說英語呢？根據(jù)Why not go to the English Corner and try to talk with others(為什么不去英語角和其他人說英語)可知,我在說英語方面有困難,故選C。 介詞后接動詞時,通常接動名詞。例如：He died from drinking the polluted water. 他因飲用污染的水而死。下列幾個詞組的to均為介詞：be / get used to doing適應(yīng)/習(xí)慣做某事prefer doing to doing與相比,更喜歡look forward to doing期待做某事pa

31、y attention to doing注意stick to doing sth堅持做某事be close to doing接近做某事【經(jīng)典例題16】(2019貴州安順) My father _to his workplace by bus, but now he _there by bike.Really? You have an environmentally-friendly father.A. used to go, is used to go B. used to going, is used to goC. is used to go, is used to going D. us

32、ed to go, is used to going【參考答案】D【解析】考查固定短語。句意：我父親以前常乘大眾汽車去上班,但現(xiàn)在他習(xí)慣騎自行車去那里了。真的嗎？你有一個愛環(huán)保的父親。短語used to do sth意為：過去常做某事；短語be used to doing sth. 意為：習(xí)慣做某事；短語be used to do sth. 意為：被用來做某事；結(jié)合句意可知,應(yīng)填used to go, is used to going；選D。 動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別有些動詞既可以接不定式,又可以接動名詞作賓語,但有時二者的意義卻有所不同。辨析1：remember to do 和 reme

33、mber doingremember to do sth意為：記得要做某事,不定式所表示的動作未發(fā)生。例如：Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. 離開教室的時候,記得把燈關(guān)上。（動詞turn off未發(fā)生）remember doing意為：記得做過某事,不定式所表示的動作已發(fā)生。例如：I remember locking the door. Why is it open now? 我記得鎖過門了,怎么現(xiàn)在還開著？（動詞lock已發(fā)生）【經(jīng)典例題17】 (2019湖南湘西) 一John, reme

34、mber _off the lights when you leave the classroom.一No problem!A. turn B. turned C. to turn【參考答案】C【解析】考查remember接賓語的用法。句意：約翰,離開教室時記得關(guān)燈。沒問題！remember to do sth. 意為：記住要做某事（動作未執(zhí)行）；remember doing sth. 記得做過某事（動作已執(zhí)行）。根據(jù)句意可知,燈還沒有關(guān),動作還沒有做,因此選擇動詞不定式,意為：記得去關(guān)燈。故選C。辨析2：forget to do 和 forget doingforget to do sth意

35、為：忘記要做某事,不定式所表示的動作未發(fā)生。例如：I forgot to buy the toilet paper. 我忘記買手紙了。（動詞buy未發(fā)生）forget doing意為：忘記做過某事,不定式所表示的動作已發(fā)生。 例如：Ill never forget seeing the Tianmen Square for the first time. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記第一次看到天安門廣場時的情景。（動詞see已發(fā)生）辨析3：regret to do和regret doingregret to do sth意為：對要做的事感到遺憾（未做）。例如：I regret to tell you th

36、at you fail in the exam. 我遺憾地告訴你,你考試不及格。regret doing sth意為：對做過的事感到遺憾/后悔（已做）。例如：I regret telling my parents that thing. 我后悔把那件事告訴了父母。辨析4：stop to do 和stop doingstop to do sth意為：停下來去做某事,去做另外一件事。例如：We have worked too long. Lets stop to have a rest. 我們工作太久了,停下來休息一下吧?。ㄍＶ构ぷ?去休息）stop doing sth意為：停止做某事。例如：Yo

37、u must stop playing computer games, or you will fail in the exams. 你必須停止打電腦游戲了,否則你將不能夠通過考試。（停止正在做的事）辨析5：try to do 和 try doing try to do sth意為：設(shè)法、努力做某事。例如：He tries to solve the problem. 他設(shè)法解決這一問題。try doing sth意為：嘗試做某事。例如：Try taking this medicine, if you dont feel better tomorrow evening. 如果明晚感覺還沒好的話,

38、就試著吃這個藥。辨析6：mean to do 和 mean doingmean to do sth意為：意欲、打算做某事。例如：I dont mean to hurt you. 我不是有意傷害。mean doing do sth意為：意味著做某事。例如：Doing that means wasting time. 那樣做意味著浪費時間。辨析7： go on to do和go on doinggo on to do sth意為：做完一件事,接著去做另外一件事。例如：Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one. 昨晚這道練習(xí)題

39、,接著做其他的。go on doing sth意為：繼續(xù)做原來的事。例如：Go on doing the exercises after a short rest. 短暫休息之后,繼續(xù)做練習(xí)。辨析8： need to do和need doingneed to do sth意為：需要去做某事,人作主語。例如：I need to have a rest after hard work. 辛苦工作后我需要休息。need doing sth意為：需要做某事,物作主語。例如：The car needs washing. 車需要洗了。3. 分詞的句法效用分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式是由

40、“動詞+-ing”組成,具有主動和動作正在進(jìn)行的含義；過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+-ed”組成,但也有不規(guī)則變化形式。過去分詞具有被動和動作已經(jīng)完成的含義。分詞可在句中充當(dāng)定語、表語、補(bǔ)語、狀語等多種句子成分。中考常涉及的分詞的考點如下：(1) 過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語,其邏輯賓語是它所修飾的詞。例如：The girl called Lucy won the English speech contest. 那個叫露西的女孩贏得了英語演講比賽。（The girl是過去分詞called的邏輯賓語）(2) 分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞可作句子的伴隨狀語,表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生/進(jìn)行,且邏輯主語為句子主

41、語。例如：The students walked out of the room, talking and laughing. 學(xué)生們有說有笑地走出了房間。（現(xiàn)在分詞talking and laughing的主語為the students,與句子謂語動詞walk同時發(fā)生）(3) 分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時,賓語是它的邏輯主語。例如：I heard him singing in the room. 我聽見他在房間里唱歌。（賓語him是現(xiàn)在分詞singing的邏輯主語）【經(jīng)典例題18】(2019四川南充) I tried to make Alice _ her mind but I f

42、ound it difficult.Well, I saw you _that when I went past.A. changed; do B. changes; doing C. change; to do D. change; doing【參考答案】D【解析】句意：我努力讓愛麗絲改變想法,但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難。當(dāng)我經(jīng)過的時候,我看見你在做那件事。make sb do sth意為：使某人做某事；see sb do sth意為：看到某人做過某事,已經(jīng)做完；see sb doing sth意為：看見某人正在做某事；根據(jù)make sb do sth排除A、B；根據(jù)see sb do/doing st

43、h排除C,選D。過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時,賓語是它的邏輯賓語。例如：Hell have his hair cut after school. 放學(xué)后,他要去理發(fā)。（賓語his hair是過去分詞cut的邏輯賓語）【經(jīng)典例題19】(2019貴州安順) Mr. Wang, please speak loudly in the hall to make yourself _ while _ are there.Fine, thanks for telling me about that.A. understood, others B. understand, otherC. understand, o

44、thers D. understanding, other【參考答案】A【解析】考查分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語和不定代詞的用法。句意：王老師,當(dāng)其他人在那里時,請在大廳里大聲說話,讓大家明白。-好的,謝謝你告訴我。make sb/sth do意為：讓某人做某事,賓語sb/sth與賓補(bǔ)do存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。make sth/sb done表被動,意為：使某人或某事被做,賓語sth/sb與done存在被動關(guān)系；other意為：其他的,形容詞,放在名詞前,不能單獨作主語；others意為：其他的,代詞,在句子中可作主語或賓語。第一句意為：使自己被別人理解,應(yīng)填過去分詞understood。while引導(dǎo)的

45、從句中應(yīng)使用others作主語；故選A。4. 易混的句式辨析(1) 句式have sb do sth與have sth done辨析have sb do sth意為：讓某人做某事,賓語sb是賓語補(bǔ)足語的邏輯主語。例如：The teacher had me stand outside the classroom. 老師讓我站在教室外面。（賓語me是動作stand的邏輯主語）have sth done意為：讓某人做某事,即：ask someone else to do sth,賓語sth是賓語補(bǔ)足語done的邏輯賓語。例如：The driver had his car washed once a

46、week. 司機(jī)讓人每周洗一次車。（his car是動作washed的邏輯賓語）有時,上述結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：The driver had his car washed once a week.=The driver had someone wash his car once a week. 司機(jī)讓人每周洗一次車。上述結(jié)構(gòu)中的have屬于使役動詞,意為：使、讓,可替換為使役動詞let、make?！窘?jīng)典例題20】My watch doesnt work. I must have it _.A. repaired B. repairsC. repair D. repairing【參考答案】A【

47、解析】句意：我的表壞了,我必須請人修理一下。分析可知,代詞it代指前句提到的名詞watch。各賓語it是選項主要動詞repair的邏輯賓語,因此應(yīng)選擇動詞的過去分詞,即：have sth done,選擇A?！窘忸}方法技巧】確定動詞形式的關(guān)鍵是分析賓語與選項主要動詞的關(guān)系。當(dāng)賓語是動詞的邏輯主語時,應(yīng)選擇省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)；當(dāng)賓語是動詞的邏輯賓語時,應(yīng)選擇動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。(2) 現(xiàn)在分詞與動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的辨析see, watch, notice, hear, feel等動詞后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如：He saw an old man lying on the si

48、de of the road. 他看見一位老人正躺在路邊。（現(xiàn)在分詞lying表示動作正在進(jìn)行）see, watch, notice, hear, feel等動詞后接省略to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時,表示已經(jīng)完成或經(jīng)常性的動作。例如：I heard him sing in the classroom. 我聽見他在教室唱歌了。（動詞sing已經(jīng)結(jié)束） 真題實戰(zhàn)【2019年題組】一、單項選擇1. (2019山東濟(jì)南) Allan has a pet dog. I often see him _ the dog in the morning.A. walk B. walks C. walked D. t

49、o walk【參考答案】A【解析】考查省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。句意：艾倫有一只寵物狗,我經(jīng)常看見他早晨遛狗。see sb. do sth.意為：看見某人做某事,應(yīng)選A。2. (2019內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾)I think the classroom needs _.Well, you are right.A. clean B. cleaning C. to be cleaning D. cleaned【參考答案】B【解析】考查動名詞作賓語。句意：我認(rèn)為教室需要被打掃。嗯,你說得對。clean動詞,意為：打掃；need to do需要做某事,表主動含義,通常人作主語；need doing意為：需要被做

50、,表被動含義,通常物作主語,應(yīng)選B。3. (2019貴州黔東南) Betty is often seen _ the lonely old man with his housework.A.to help B. helping C. helps D. helped【參考答案】A【解析】考查動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的用法。句意：人們經(jīng)?？吹截惖賻椭聠蔚睦先俗黾覄?wù)。see sb do sth意為：看到某人在做某事。變被動語態(tài)時,需將省略的to還原,應(yīng)選A。4. (2019黑龍江大慶) Youd better _ hard from now on, _ you will fail in the exam.

51、 A. work; and B. working; or C. working; and D. work; or【參考答案】D【解析】考查不定式的特殊句式。句意：你最好從現(xiàn)在開始努力學(xué)習(xí),否則考試會不及格。had better do sth.意為：最好做某事,排除B、C；and表示并列關(guān)系,or表示選擇關(guān)系,意為：否則。根據(jù)句意可知,如果不努力會產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,應(yīng)選D。5. (2019黑龍江龍東地區(qū))Betty, I am not good at English. Could you help me, please?Sure. Ill do what I can _ you improve you

52、r English.A. help B. to help C. helping【參考答案】B【解析】考查不定式作目的狀語。句意：Betty,我不擅長英語,你能幫助我嗎？當(dāng)然了,我會做我能做的一切來幫助你提高你的英語。help意為：幫助。根據(jù)句意可知,賓語從句what I can后省略動詞do；空后用動詞不定式表目的,應(yīng)選B。6. (2019上海)The host told a joke at the party and made the guests _ a lot.A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed【參考答案】A【解析】句意：主人聚會上講了

53、一個笑話,逗得客人大笑。laugh意為：笑,后常跟省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)；短語make sb. do sth.意為：使某人做某事,選A。7. (2019四川成都) Smart phones _ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.A. made B. making C. to make【參考答案】A【解析】考查過去分詞作后置定語。句意：華為生產(chǎn)的智能手機(jī)在全球越來越受歡迎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞。make與主語Smart phones是被動關(guān)系,需用過去分詞,選A。8. (2019四川自貢)My uncle is against wasting anything.No wonder he would rather _ the old bike than _ a new