定語從句語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

1、資料來源：來自本人網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理！祝您工作順利！定語從句語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總 定語從句(attributive clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出如今先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。下面就是我給大家?guī)淼亩ㄕZ從句語法學(xué)問點(diǎn)匯總，盼望大家喜愛！ 1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持全都。 1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： is he

2、 the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語) 2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 假設(shè)指物，它還可以同of which互換), 例如： they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫助。 please pass me the book whose (of wh

3、ich) cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。 3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的富強(qiáng)。(which / that在句中作賓語) the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語) 2

4、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。 1)when, where, why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+ which構(gòu)造，因此經(jīng)常和介詞+ which構(gòu)造交替用法，例如： there are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈從的時(shí)候。 beijing is the place where (in which) i was born.北京是我的出生地。 is this the reason why (for which) he refused ou

5、r offer?這就是他回絕我們關(guān)心他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和介詞+ which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如： his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。 3 推

6、斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必需要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞那么要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. ill never forget the days when i worked together with you. 推斷改錯(cuò)(注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。) (錯(cuò)) this is the mountain village where i visited last year. (錯(cuò)) i will

7、 never forget the days when i spent in the countryside. (對(duì)) this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year. (對(duì)) ill never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside. 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)絡(luò)在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 精確推斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1. is this mu

8、seum _ you visited a few days age? a. whereb. that c. on which d. the one 例2. is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. a. whereb. that c. on whichd. the one 答案：例1 d，例2 a 例1變?yōu)榇_定句： this museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榇_定句： this is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺局部為賓語，而wh

9、ere, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選d。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句局部為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選a。 關(guān)系詞的選擇根據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 緣由狀語)

10、 。 4 限制性和非限制性定語從句 1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不行缺少的局部，去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開，例如： this is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性) the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很美麗，是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性) 2) 領(lǐng)先行詞是專出名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制

11、性的，例如： charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的教師。 my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)美麗的花園。 this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)展修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：

12、 he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me. 他好像沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。 liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 5 介詞+關(guān)系詞 1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2)that前不能有介詞。 3) 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或緣由狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞構(gòu)造可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。 this is the

13、house in which i lived two years ago. this is the house where i lived two years ago. do you remember the day on which you joined our club? do you remember the day when you joined our club? 6 as, which 非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。 as we know,

14、smoking is harmful to ones health. the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例題 1)alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. a. it b. that c. whichd. he 答案c. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。 2)the weather turned out to be v

15、ery good, _ was more than we could expect. a. whatb. whichc. thatd. it 答案b。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不行。that 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。 3)it rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. a. thatb. whichc. as d. it 答案b. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定

16、語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)： (1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不行。 (2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必需是系動(dòng)詞;假設(shè)為行為動(dòng)詞，那么從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。 在此題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為b。 as 的用法 例1. the same as;suchas 中的as 是一種固定構(gòu)造, 和一樣。 i have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有正如。 as we know, smoking is harm

17、ful to ones health. as is know, smoking is harmful to ones health. as是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。 7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一 1)whoever spits in public will be punished here. (whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all th

18、at代替) 8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything what you want has been sent here. whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who (錯(cuò))who breaks the law will be punished. (錯(cuò))whoever robbed the bank is not clear. (對(duì))whoever breaks the law will be punished. (對(duì))who robbed the bank is not clear. 3) that 和 what 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí) ，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that?？墒÷?。what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的詳細(xì)成分，且不能省略。 i think (that) you will like the stamps. what we need is more prac