簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型并列句和復(fù)合句.doc

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型，并列句和復(fù)合句鄭集中學(xué)菁華學(xué)院英語(yǔ)組 王芳（一）句子種類(lèi)兩種分類(lèi)法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定） ：He is six years old./ She didn t hear of you before.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意） ：Do they like skating? / Where did you go yesterday? /Is he six or seven years old? / Mary can swim, can t she?3）祈使句： Be careful, boys. / Don t talk in class4

2、）感嘆句： What an exciting film it was!/ How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句：由并列連詞（ and, but, or 等）或分號(hào)（； ）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。如：Yo

3、u help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從 句和同位語(yǔ)從句） 、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。如：The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主語(yǔ) +不及物動(dòng)詞：What he said | does not matter.They | talk

4、ed for half an hourThe pen | writes smoothlyHow did the accident come about?2、主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：Mary bought a book./ Do you know them?/ I finished reading the text./ You must try to improve. 在此句型中，及物動(dòng)詞后常跟 等作賓語(yǔ)。3、主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)：It sounds a good idea./ The students are in favor of reform.Their favorite pasti

5、me is playing chess./ The only thing now is to take a taxi.常用的系動(dòng)詞有 等；可作表語(yǔ)成分的有 等。4、主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)） ：My father gave me a dict ion ary.（可用 to 改寫(xiě)）I II make you some fresh tea可用 for 改寫(xiě)）They forgave him his crimes.直接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)詞作用的對(duì)象，通常指的是物；間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作所指向的人，一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前， 如果間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，則由介詞 to, for 等引出。5、主

6、語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ) +賓補(bǔ)）：They called their daughter Mary./ He put his books in order./ I saw her chatting with Nancy.What do you advise me to do?/ Tom made the baby laugh./ You must make yourself respected. 此句型中的賓語(yǔ)后需跟上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才完整，賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 的有 等。Exercise1： 判斷下面各句分別屬于簡(jiǎn)單句的哪種基本句型：1. Your sis

7、ter dances beautifully. （）2. Doing that would be playing with fire. （）3. I will tell my friends to protect the environment. （）4. They kept their marriage a secret. （）5. She gave me her teleph one nu mber.()6. Good food keeps you healthy.()7.1 advise wait ing till the right time.()8. Did you sleep we

8、ll?()9. Horse-ridi ng and shooti ng are some of the more unu sual even ts.()10. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world.()除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾 語(yǔ)可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞)，也可以是各種類(lèi)型的短語(yǔ)(主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ) 和分詞短語(yǔ))。下面以基本句型五( v+o+o.c)為例：We fou nd the hall full.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了

9、。We fou nd the great hall full of stude nts and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。We found the great hall full of stude nts and teachers liste ning to an importa nt report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from t

10、he Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類(lèi)型。以get為例：Hes getti ng angry. (S V P)He got through the wi ndow.(S V O)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)He got himself into trouble. (S V O C)

11、He got her a sple ndid prese nt.(S V 0 O)在句子中詞類(lèi)和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思：I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了這本書(shū)。S V O M)I found the book easy.我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很容易。(S V O C)I have to do something. 我得做點(diǎn)事。 have something to do. 我有點(diǎn)事做。A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizboll

12、ah, returns with her family followi ng the ceasefire, at the Leba non-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006.( S + V )A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world champio nships.(S + V + O)(三) 并列句的分類(lèi)1、 表示連接兩個(gè)同等概

13、念，常用and, not onlybut also ,neithernor 等連接。女口：The teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is John.2、 表示選擇，常用的連詞有 or, eitheror,otherwise等。如：Hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。如：He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange wa

14、y of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有 so, for, therefore等。如：August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from daw n un til dark.(四) 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句也稱(chēng)主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導(dǎo)詞或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成立。由于連詞既 起連接主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，有一定的意義，故 復(fù)合句中的連詞常成為考查的焦點(diǎn)。從句有三種：1. 名

15、詞性從句(包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)1) When the train will arrive is unknown.2) Everybody knows that money does nt grow on trees.3) This is what we should do.4) She told us her hope that she would become a pia ni st.2. 定語(yǔ)從句（形容詞性從句）He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.3. 狀語(yǔ)從句（副詞性從句）He is abse nt tod

16、ay, because he is ill.Exercise2：判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：（）1. We ofte n study Chin ese history on Friday after noon.（）2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.（）3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there?（）4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at

17、 seven inthe evening.（）5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.（）6. He was fond of draw ing whe n he was yet a child.（）7. Neither has he cha nged his mind, nor will he do so.（）8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn tit?（）9. The farmer is show ing the boy how to pla nt a tree.（）10.

18、 Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.（五）咼考考點(diǎn)探討1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中 有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，沒(méi)有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道 的英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)合于一體來(lái)考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。3、 高考對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。女口： and, but, or, while , 以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)

19、從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句最為明顯，時(shí)間從 句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來(lái)，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常考查。如: We will go outing if it doesn鞏固練習(xí)：-、選擇填空：1. Give me one more mi nuteIA. andB. ort rain tomorrow2. It sthhd time that John has been late,A. hasn t heB. isn t he3.Let us pass,?A. shan t weB. shall we4.I

20、suppose hes serious,?A. do IB. don 1 tll be able to finish it.C. ifD. so?C. isn t itD. hasn t itC. won t weD. will youC. is heD. isn t he5. I m sorry to have to say this,you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC.soD. because6. Joh n has not yet passed the driv

21、 ing test, and.A. Henry hasn t tooB. Henry also has not eitherC. n either Henry hasD. n either has Henry7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climb ing,others enjoy swim ming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so8. - Do you feel like going outwould you rather have dinner at home?-I d like to g

22、o out.A. orB. andC. butD. so9. Your uncle isn t an engineer, is he?D. He isA. Yes, he isn t B. No, he isn t C. No, he is10. friendly to everyone!D. What, she isD. yetD. andD. To turnD. and, andD. butA. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she is11. Mary went to bed early, she felt very tired.A. orB. so

23、C. for12. As he is strong, can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. he13. down the radio the baby s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. TurnC. Turned14. I don t like chicken fish. I don t like chicken iIkle fish very much.A. or, butB. and, butC. or, and15. Would you like to come to dinner t

24、onight? I d like to, I m too busy.A. and B. soC. as、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 :1. He closed the window, turned off the light left the room.2. She is American she speaks Chinese very fluently.3. It is foggy today, we can tsee distant hills.4. He likes sports, I d rather collect stamps.5. he couldn t understand was f

25、ewer and fewer showed their interest in his lesson.6. I wished we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and we could buy some books on ourway back in Shanghai.7. She expressed the hope she would write a novel someday.8. The girl English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race,

26、made all of usvery happy.we shall have the Chinese exam.9. Please tell us the time10. a young man, he was a storekeeper later a postmaster.、將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)：1. 湯姆決心不再遲到了。2. 我很餓，請(qǐng)給我一點(diǎn)東西吃。3. 老師講話時(shí)，我們得保持安靜，對(duì)不對(duì) ?4. 我們把英語(yǔ)看作日常工作中的一種有用的工具。5. 他們?nèi)∠松蟼€(gè)星期天去揚(yáng)州的游覽，因?yàn)檎铝艘惶煊辍?. 金錢(qián)就是一切，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我不喜歡。7. 在黑暗的大街上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以尋求幫助的人。8. 他在這家工廠工作了十年之后就出