主謂一致知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)練習(xí)(供參考).doc

1、主謂一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)一、考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧( 一)、主謂一致的定義如主謂一致”是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)are, were, have等，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式，如： is, was, has, works等。數(shù)形式，(二)它通常依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則：1) 語(yǔ)法一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。2) 意義一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3) 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。因此也成為形式一致原則。1. he likes Englis

2、h.2. we all like English1. 由 and 連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)(1) 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候 ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。E.g: My En glish teacher and my class-teacher are talki ng with each other.(2) 如果指的是同一個(gè)人或物 ，或者指同一概念的時(shí)候 ，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。E.g: My En glish teacher and class-teacher is Miss Wang.由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有 no，each, every ， more than a (an) ， m

3、any a (an) 修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 單數(shù)形式。E.g: Many a boy and many a girlEvery boy and every girlEach boy and each girlwants to see the film .No boy and no girlMore tha n a boy and more tha n a girl2. 如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，動(dòng)詞 ing 形式或主語(yǔ)從句 的時(shí)候 , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。他正在做的事情看起來(lái)很重要。What he is doing seems very importa nt.收集郵票是他的愛好。Collect ing

4、stamps is his hobby.由 what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若在主系表結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)What he left to me were some books.wh-從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What caused the accide nt and who was resp on sible for it rema in a mystery to me.What he thought and did at home have nothing to do with this problem.3.主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞

5、，盡管后面跟有with ， together with， along with, except, butin addition to, like， as well as， rather than, more than, no less than, including， besides等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。withas well astogether with / along withTimbesides/ except/but/in addition toI+ten boys _ playing basketball.likein cludi ngr

6、ather tha n no less tha n4. 在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that ， who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:1) He is one of my friends who are working hard.2) He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.5. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有 family， class, police, team, group, nation, governmen等。The

7、class is the best one in the class.The class are tak ing no tes.The family is a happy one.The family are music lovers.6. 由 “ a lot o, lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of , the rest of, most of +名詞” 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。1) There are a lot of people in the clas

8、sroom.2) The rest of the lecture is won derful.注意：a number of the number of許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；“的數(shù)量”，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是number，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。7. people, cattle作主語(yǔ)是，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)。The cattle are eati ng the grass.8. 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。1) There comes the bus.2) On the wall are many pictures.概念 ( 意義 ) 一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和

9、主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式，而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù) ，但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。1.形復(fù)意單名詞如 ：news;以 ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如 ：physics, mathematics; 國(guó)名如 ：the United States;報(bào)紙名如 :the New Times; 書名如 :Arabian Nights(一千零一夜 ); 以及 the United Nations等作主語(yǔ) ； 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) .2.trousers, glasses clothes， shoes 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (t

10、he) pairof等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。My shoes is dirty.The pair of shoes looks beautifull. I like it very much.3. 表示 時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用 單數(shù)形式，這 是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體 .100 miles is a long dista nee.Fifty-six dollars was stolen by a thief.表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a ha后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)。One and a half appl

11、es is (are)left on the table.4. 算式中表示數(shù)目 ( 字) 的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。1)Twelve plus eight is twen ty.2) Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.5.a (this) kind of ,a pair of , a series of, a set of, a crowd of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)。1)A series of TV show is instructive .2)This kind of men is dangerous.注意： Men

12、 of this kind are dangerous .6.單復(fù)同形的名詞，女口 ： means, sheep, deer, species, aircraft, series, works(工廠 ),Chinese,Japa nese, Spa nish, Portugues等作主語(yǔ)表復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。反之，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。1) Every means has been tried .2) All possible means have been tried .7. 如果主語(yǔ)由 “the + 形容詞 ( 或過(guò)去分詞 ) ”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)通常用 復(fù)數(shù) ; 這類詞有 ： the

13、 brave, the poor, the rich, the bli nd, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf anddumb1. There be句型Be 可以由 exist/ stand/ lie/ seemThere has been a bookThere have been books.2. 用連詞 or, either?- or, neither代替nor, not only等連接a 的并列主語(yǔ) ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致.Not only the students but also Miss Wang li

14、kes English.Neither the students nor Miss Wang likes English.Either the students or Miss Wang likes English.( 1 ) Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. ( (全 國(guó)卷）( 2 ) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a

15、sense of fair play and teamspirit. (全國(guó)卷 )( 3 ) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (全國(guó)卷 )( 4 ) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. ( (北京春季卷 )( 5 ) But not all information are good to society. (廣西卷 )( 6 ) So then， a concert cost so much. I may just listen to musi

16、c. ( (年四川卷 )( 7 ) If I listen to my own records， there are no need to spend money. (四川卷 )( 8 )you willprobablywant to jointhe Stamp Collectors Club which existto add more stamps to your collection.(浙江卷)( 10 ) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (福建卷 )三、模擬單句演練( 1 ) Her parents were in Shanghai， and so was his.( 2 ) As is known to us all， remembering English wor