動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

1、時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)主將從現(xiàn) 知識(shí)講解 “主將從現(xiàn)”適用于什么樣的從句中內(nèi)容：“主將從現(xiàn)”適用于什么樣的從句中？ 怎樣判斷主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)呢？例句：在if , as soon as , when，once等引導(dǎo)的從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，而主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，這就是通常所說(shuō)的“主將從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象。例如： If you dont catch the bus, youll go there on foot. 如果你趕不上那趟車，你就要走著去那了。 Once you show any fear, he will attack you. 只要你顯出害怕的樣子，他就會(huì)向你進(jìn)攻。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的兩種用法：主將從現(xiàn)是

2、指在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 常見(jiàn)的有以下四種情況：一、條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)如： When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients 我長(zhǎng)大后要當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，照顧病人 “主將從現(xiàn)”和表事實(shí)時(shí)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)零碎用法 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的用法,現(xiàn)在總結(jié)一下: if 條件句不一般,幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)記心間; 條件句,放在前,逗號(hào)要放句中間。 條件句表可能，主句多用將來(lái)時(shí)； 條件句表事實(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)有可

3、能發(fā)生的事實(shí)及其產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)的結(jié)果，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如： We can walk there if we cant find a bus . If it rains tomorrow , we will not go to the zoo. What will you do if you find a panda in danger. 如果 if 條件句談?wù)摰氖侵貜?fù)發(fā)生和預(yù)示要發(fā)生的情景和事件，則主從句大多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如： If bears are in danger ,they attack people. 注意 ： 在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，if 條件句位置

4、靈活，可直接放在主句后面，若 if 條件句放句首， 從句后面要加逗號(hào)，和主句隔開(kāi)。 還要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)一致原則我們知道,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的連詞是if,由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。如:If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙,他會(huì)幫你的。If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考試不及格,你會(huì)讓他失望的。另外,if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè),從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:If I were you, I woul

5、d invite him to the party.如果我是你,我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他參加聚會(huì)。I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果沒(méi)有堵車,我會(huì)到的早一點(diǎn)兒。那么,除了if之外,是否還有其他連詞也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句呢?回答是肯定的,不僅有,還有很多。這些詞由于出現(xiàn)的頻率較小,且用法較復(fù)雜一些,所以不如if為大家所熟知罷了。下面就這些詞的用法以例句的形式進(jìn)行一下簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)。1. unless conj.除非,若不,除非在的時(shí)候You will fail to arrive there in

6、time unless you start earlier.如果你不早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比賽將照常進(jìn)行。3. supposing conj.如果,假如supposing引導(dǎo)的條件從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還要繼續(xù)舉行嗎?Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?假如出了什么問(wèn)題,你準(zhǔn)備

7、怎么對(duì)付?從上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,主從句條件關(guān)系分明,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。但有些句子,雖沒(méi)有含條件關(guān)系的連詞,卻也隱含著條件關(guān)系,這些句子常用一些詞,如but for, without等引出一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示條件,條件常常是虛擬的,或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。如:but for若非,要不是But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我們的旅行肯定會(huì)很愉快。But for your help, we should not

8、have finished in time.要不是你幫忙,我們肯定不能及時(shí)完成 “ Ill not go to the zoo if it rains tomorrow. ( 假如明天下雨，我就不去動(dòng)物園。) You can come to the party if you dont wear jeans.（ 如果你不穿牛仔褲，你就能來(lái)舞會(huì)。）” If I were you, I would wear jeans and T-shirt.（ 如果我是你，我就穿牛仔褲和T恤。）”如果if的條件狀語(yǔ)從句遇到變換間接和直接時(shí) , 祈使句應(yīng)用not to. 如; She said not to clo

9、se the window 常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：as soon as,when,while ,as,until等 主將從現(xiàn)說(shuō)的是在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： I will tell him about it when he comes. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： He said that he would have another try if he had the chance. I kn

10、ew he could help me if he was free the next day.當(dāng)某事發(fā)生的可能性較大時(shí)，這種情況，有個(gè)十三字口訣：“主將從現(xiàn)，主過(guò)將從過(guò)，主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)”。即主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；當(dāng)主句中有can/cant的話，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：If he has time, he will come tomorrow.If she finishes early, she can come back early.If you dont do homework, the teacher will scold you.二、如果主

11、句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候不要笑話我。三、如果主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room 在閱覽室時(shí)應(yīng)保持安靜(08全國(guó)29)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front _to arrive.A.is expectedB.is expectingC. expects D. will be e

12、xpected（10浙江5）If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you_fresh watermelon in the fall.Aeat Bwould eat Chave eaten Dwill be eating 表示對(duì)未來(lái)的想象。不是幻想而是預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事情。主將從現(xiàn)(08全國(guó)14)If their marketing plans succeed，they _ their sales by 20 percent. A. will increaseB. have been increasingC.have increasedD.woul

13、d be increasing(08湖南35)Do you have any problems if you _ this job?Well，Im thinking about the salary.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered(2008beijing) No decision _ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being mad

14、e D. had been made 3)I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone，for I sometimes want to make sure if he_ home for dinner.(06遼寧29)A. comeB. comesC. has comeD. will come) 3. -Please tell her the news when she_. -OK, I will. A. comes B. will come. C. come D. would come

15、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題 1）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。所以，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。eg. She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她說(shuō)她從周一至周五上班。 （從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她說(shuō)她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。 （從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)峨嵋山。 （從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） 2

16、）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用任一適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。eg. He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他說(shuō)昨天下午沒(méi)有課。 (從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)） He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。 （從句是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)） He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他說(shuō)他們那時(shí)正在開(kāi)會(huì)。 （從句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)） 但是當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，

17、其時(shí)態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。eg. The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老師告訴我們世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。 She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她說(shuō)她父親比她大二十八歲。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得快。 He told me that I must go to school on time eve

18、ry day. 他告訴我我必須每天按時(shí)上學(xué)。 注意：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think或believe，賓語(yǔ)從句要表達(dá)否定時(shí)，要把從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。 eg. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)幫你學(xué)英語(yǔ)的。 I dont think he is going to help you with your English. 不可以翻譯成： I think he isnt going to help you with your English. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句有它的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用it代替，從句后置。其句型為：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) + it +補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。 eg. I think it necessary that we lea

19、rn English grammar. 我認(rèn)為我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是必要的。 He thinks it a good job that he becomes a teacher. 他認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師是個(gè)很好的職業(yè)。 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 1. Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. risen 3. Im sure_ he will

20、be here on time. A. if B. that C. whether D. when 4. Can you tell me _? A. whats the matter with him B. what the matter with him is C. what happened with him D. what with him happened 5. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how

21、much I spent on the car 6. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris 7. Bruce says _ he can come at 9:00 tomorrow. A. when B. what C. that D. what time 8. Dave, could you teach me

22、 _ to search the Internet? A. that B. how C. when D. why 9. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C. where the nearest railway station is D. where was the nearest railway station 10. He was afraid _ he would forget his Chinese. A. if B.

23、 when C. how D. that 11. Mike asks Lin Yang _ he has been in Beijing. A. how long B. where C. how D. that 時(shí)態(tài)型虛擬語(yǔ)氣專題虛擬語(yǔ)氣 與事實(shí)相反，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示，對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法介紹如下：A).條件從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式would/ should/ might/ could + do與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成式w

24、ould/ should/ might/ could + have done與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反were to/ should + do/動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式would/ should/ might/ could + doEg. 如果我是你，我就不看電視了.If I were you, I should/would not watch TV.如果我做完家庭作業(yè)，我就去參加晚會(huì).If I did/had done my homework, I would go/have gone to the party.如果你昨天晚上不看電視，就不會(huì)遲到了.If you hadnt gone to the cinema,

25、you would not have been late for class.如果你努力地學(xué)習(xí)的話，你就會(huì)考試及格了。If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.The plants in our garden_better if it had not rained so much last year. A.had grown B.would have grown C.were growing D.would growNote:a).條件從句中if 的省略，要倒裝如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had

26、,should,could，有時(shí)可將連詞if省去，而將 條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were,had,should,could之后。這種用法主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，如：a.與現(xiàn)在相反：If I were you (=Were I you) , I would go with him. b.與過(guò)去相反：If I had had time then (=Had I had time then), I would have gone with you. c.與將來(lái)相反：If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall tomorrow, (=Were I t

27、o /Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow), I would take my son with me. 注意：在否定句中not不可提至主語(yǔ)前，如： （誤）Werent I here now, I would be in the bus. （正）Were I not here now, I would be in the bus. b).without 可以代替條件從句 Eg.沒(méi)有水和空氣，我們就不能生存。 We would not live without water or air. c) 混合虛擬條件句 如果條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主

28、句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的 時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如： If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.（從句述說(shuō)過(guò)去，主句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在） If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life.（ 從句表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，主句說(shuō)明與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）d) 省略主句，只保留if(only)的條件句 虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時(shí)形式上可以省略，但意義仍然存在。這種

29、句子只保留一個(gè)if(only)條 件從句，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)烈愿望。如：If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！e) 用but或but for引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句（but后跟從句，but for后跟短語(yǔ): 假如沒(méi)有, 要不是） But for your help,our experiment wouldnt have been sosuccessful. 假如沒(méi)有你們的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)如此成功的。 But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨我們會(huì)到得早一些。 We would have inv

30、ited them to the dance,but they were too busy. 要不是他們太忙，我們會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他們來(lái)參加舞會(huì)的。 此句可改寫為：If they had not been so busy,we would haveinvited them to the dance. But that he is in hospital,He would go abroad for hissummer vacation. 要不是生病住院，他就出國(guó)度暑假了。 該句可改寫為：If he wereint in hospital,he would go abroadfor his summer

31、vacatiom.f) Ifonly.這是一種特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu) 一、If only.用于感嘆句中,是一個(gè)保留條件句,省略了主句的形式。用來(lái)表示某人對(duì)某事的一種強(qiáng)烈愿望或未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件,其意為但愿;真希望;要是就好了。常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 Ifonlysheweremysister!如果她是我姐姐該多好啊! (=Howfineitwouldbeifsheweremysister!)Ifonly.引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式分以下幾種:1.Ifonly后常接一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的一種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。如:1)IfonlyIhadthatbook!我要是有那本書(shū)就好了。 =Howfineitwould

32、beifonlyIhadthebook(butIhaventthebook). 2)IfonlyIwereyounger!要是我年輕點(diǎn)兒就好了! =HowfineitwouldbeifonlyIwereyounger!(butIamnotyounger) 3)Ifonlymymotherwereherenow!要是我母親現(xiàn)在在這兒就好了。 (butsheisntherenow)4)Howfineitwouldbeifonlytheycouldfindawaytogettotheroom!他們要是能夠找到一條通道進(jìn)入那個(gè)房間該多好啊!2. If only后常接過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。

33、如:1)Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatercare!你當(dāng)時(shí)干活時(shí)要是再認(rèn)真些就好了! (butyoudidntworkwithgreatercare)2)Ifonlywehadarrivedintime,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain!要是我們及時(shí)趕到,就不 會(huì)誤車了。(butwedidntarriveintime)3.Ifonly后常用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。如:Ifonlyshewouldwin!但愿她能贏!二、If only有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)陳述語(yǔ)氣的真實(shí)條件句,意思為只要。Ifonlyitclearsup,wellgo.只要天一

34、放晴,我們就去。與此句型容易混淆的還有一種結(jié)構(gòu)only if.,only置于if前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)if條件,意為只要,用于引導(dǎo)陳述語(yǔ)氣的真實(shí)條件句。Onlyifyoustudyhard,youwillpassthetest.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。B).賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣a).wish+賓語(yǔ)從句 與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去完成式 eg. I wish I were a bird flying freely in the sky. I wish you passed the entrance exam.I wish you hadnt b

35、een absent yesterday.b).表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議的動(dòng)詞后(一堅(jiān)持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建議(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand, require, request,ask) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-(should)+doeg.我們建議她去看醫(yī)生。 We suggested that she (should) go to see a doctor.例外情況：suggestion，insist后從句中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的問(wèn)題suggest作為“表明，暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣insist作為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣eg.The

36、smile on his face suggested that he succeeded in the task. 我們堅(jiān)持他應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生。(堅(jiān)持要sb做) We insisted that he (should) go to see a doctor. We insisted that old Li was an advanced worker in our company. Janes pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A.be;shou

37、ld have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has C).主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣It is important/necessary/strange+that+主+(should) do.Eg. It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language to find a good job.D).狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 a).方式從句 與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去完成式eg.她很悲傷仿佛整個(gè)世界都背叛了她。 She felt upset a

38、nd sad as if/as though the whole world had turned against her. b).讓步從句 與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- 過(guò)去完成式eg.即使他向我道歉，我也不會(huì)原諒他。 Even if/Even though he apologized to me, I wouldnt pardon him.E).it is (high,about) time+從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是1.用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬Or 2.should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省常譯為是（正

39、是）的時(shí)侯I(lǐng)t is (high,about) time for+sth. for sb to do. that +clause(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或should+V)eg.我們?cè)摶丶伊? It is time (that)we went/should go home.例題1. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay. （2010年真題60.） A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in2. If there were no sub

40、junctive mood, English _ much easier to learn.（2009年真題52.）A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 3. Had Judy been more careful on the math exam, she _ much better results now. （2008年真題52.）A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get4. If only the patient _a di

41、fferent treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. （2007年真題54.）A. had receivedB. received C. should receive D. were receiving 5. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! (2006年真題52.)A. would B. could C. should D. might6. If you explained the situation to your solicito

42、r, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. ( 2005年真題51.)A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were7. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. （2005年真題60.） A. betrayedtakeB. had betrayedtook C. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake8. _, Ill

43、marry him all the same.(2004年真題42.)A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor9. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? (2004年真題44.)A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have be

44、en surprised10. It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.(2004年真題46.)A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in11. Our tour guide recommended that we _ as attentive as possible when we visit the Great British Museum.A. are B. shall be C. be D. were12. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive13. If you_Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was