（通用版）近年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分基礎(chǔ)知識解讀Unit1Greatscientists教師專用新人教版必修5

1、unit 1great scientists.寫作單詞-會拼寫1exposevt.暴露；揭露;使曝光2attendvt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加3absorbvt。吸收；吸引；使專心4blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n. 過失;責(zé)備5curen.治愈；痊愈vt。 治愈;治療6defeatvt.打敗;戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n. 失敗7foreseevt.預(yù)見；預(yù)知8positiveadj。積極的；肯定的；確實的9suspectvt.認(rèn)為；懷疑n。被懷疑者；嫌疑犯10handlen.柄;把手vt。處理;操縱11rejectvt。拒絕；拋棄；不接受12pollutevt.污染；弄臟pollutionn。污染13ann

2、ouncevt。宣布；通告announcementn.通知；宣告14contributevt。vi。捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)15concludevt. vi.結(jié)束;推斷出conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束16constructvt。建設(shè)；修建constructionn.建設(shè)；建筑物17instructvt.命令;指示；教導(dǎo)instructionn.命令；傳授instructionsn.用法說明書；操作指南18challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向挑戰(zhàn)challengingadj。挑戰(zhàn)性的19enthusiasticadj。熱情的；熱心的enthusiasmn.熱情；熱心.閱

3、讀單詞要識記20characteristic n。特征；特性21scientific adj?？茖W(xué)的22cautious adj。小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的23analyse vt。 分析24physician n. 醫(yī)生;內(nèi)科醫(yī)師25victim n。 受害者26enquiry n. 詢問27universe n. 宇宙;世界高頻短語會默寫1put forward提出2expose.。.to使顯露;暴露3apart from除之外;此外4make sense講得通；有意義5draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論6link。.。to。.將和聯(lián)系或連接起來7(be)strict with。.。對嚴(yán)格的8

4、be to blame應(yīng)受譴責(zé)；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任9point of view態(tài)度;觀點(diǎn)；看法10slow down減速11lead to通向；導(dǎo)致12look into調(diào)查教材原句-會背誦句式仿寫能應(yīng)用1。neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(neither.。nor.。.既不也不)1。老師和其他學(xué)生都不相信他解釋的遲到的原因。neither the teacher nor other students believed the reason he explained for being late。2.so many thousands of t

5、errified people died every time there was an outbreak。(every time 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)2。每當(dāng)我聽到這首歌,它就使我想起與祖母在一起的幸福時光.every time i hear this song,it makes me think of the happy days when i was with granny.3.only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(only狀語從句位于句首時主句

6、須倒裝）3。只有當(dāng)你找到內(nèi)心的安寧的時候,你才會與他人保持良好的關(guān)系.only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others。4。a woman， who had moved away from broad street， liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day。(have/get sth。4.別擔(dān)心，他將會盡力按時完成任務(wù)的。there is

7、 no need to worry. he will try to have/get his work finished on time. done 某事被做)精講6個考綱單詞 conclude vt。 vi.推斷出；結(jié)束；達(dá)成，締結(jié)經(jīng)典例句he concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan。(牛津詞典）他從他們的話語中推斷出他們不贊同這項計劃。（1）concludeconclude sth。以結(jié)束to conclude最后（2)conclusion n。結(jié)論；結(jié)束come to/reach/draw

8、 a conclusion得出結(jié)論in conclusion總而言之he concluded his speech with a famous saying： its never too late to start.他以一句名言“只要去做永不為晚結(jié)束他的演講。ive come to the conclusion（conclude) that hes not the right person for the job.我斷定他不適合做這項工作。in conclusion，good interpersonal skills are a must for our future social life。

9、(2014年重慶高考寫作）總之,良好的人際交往技巧對我們未來的社會生活是必需的?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號：30892110】 attend vt.出席;參加；照顧；護(hù)理 vi。專心；留意教材原句john snow was a famous doctor in londonso expert，indeed，that he attended queen victoria as her personal physician.約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生-他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。attend a meeting/a lecture/church參加會議/聽講座/做禮拜attend on/upo

10、n sb。伺候某人；照顧某人attend to處理;傾聽；專心于；照顧jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time。(2015年天津高考單項填空)簡不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會議，因為那個時候她正在授課。i cant go out with you tonight because i have an urgent thing to attend（attend）to.今晚我不能與你一塊外出，因為我有一件急事要處理。 expose vt.

11、暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨經(jīng)典例句the reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot。這名記者因為試圖揭露一個陰謀而被殺害.（1）expose.。to使顯露；暴露be exposed to暴露于；處于危險中（2）expose sth。to sb.向某人揭發(fā)某事dont expose your skin to sunlight directly，or you will get sunburnt。不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽光下,否則你會被曬傷。as we all know，it is a good idea to be exposed

12、（expose)to the real language environment。眾所周知,接觸真實的語言環(huán)境是個好主意.鏈接寫作句式升級being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.（用v.。ing的主動形式作主語改寫句子)if exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin

13、 injured.（用if省略句改寫句子） absorb vt。吸收；吸引；使專心；吞并；理解，掌握一詞多義寫出下列句中absorb的含義most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis。吞并black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.吸收i keep the lesson simple because small kids cant absorb that much。理解ab

14、sorb ones attention吸引某人的注意be absorbed by/into被吞并;被所吸收be absorbed/buried in全神貫注于；專心于鏈接寫作一句多譯湯姆專心于工作，忘記了通知她這件事。tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it。so absorbed was tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.（用so。that.。的倒裝句）absorbed in his work，tom forgot to inform

15、 her of it.（用過去分詞短語作狀語）【導(dǎo)學(xué)號:30892111】 blame vt.責(zé)備;譴責(zé)；把歸咎于 n過失;責(zé)備經(jīng)典例句instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.我們應(yīng)該多交流、換位思考而不是相互責(zé)怪。（1)blame sb。for sth.因某事責(zé)備某人blame sth.on sb。把某事歸咎于某人身上be to blame（for.。）應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備（用主動形式表被動意義）（2)bear/take the blame for.。

16、對負(fù)責(zé)lay/put the blame for sth。on sb.把某事歸咎于某人身上as far as the cause of the accident is concerned，i think，it is the driver of the lorry who should take the blame。對于事故的原因，我認(rèn)為卡車司機(jī)應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé).we went 101 and i was named most valuable player，but i often had crazy dreams in which i was to blame for millers accident

17、.(2016年全國丙卷完形填空)我們以10比1獲勝并且我被封為最有價值的球員，但我總是做噩夢，夢中感覺自己應(yīng)該為miller的事故負(fù)責(zé). contribute vi。 vt.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助經(jīng)典例句it was generous of her to contribute such a large sum.她很大方，捐助了這么大筆錢。(1)contribute sth。to。把某物捐獻(xiàn)給contribute to為做出貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；導(dǎo)致；為撰稿（2)contribution n。捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn);投稿make a contribution/contributions to對做出貢獻(xiàn)if you wan

18、t to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.（2015年全國卷書面表達(dá)）如果你想給我們報紙投稿，請在最后期限前把文章發(fā)給我。everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people。每個人都愿意為無家可歸的人捐獻(xiàn)食物和衣服.participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skill

19、s and make a contribution（contribute)to the class.參加比賽對我來說是一次難得的展示我的舞蹈才能并對班級做出貢獻(xiàn)的好機(jī)會.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：30892112】詮釋2個核心短語 put forward 提出（建議);推薦;將提前；將(鐘表等）向前撥一詞多義寫出下列句中put forward的含義as for the problem you put forward in your last letter， i think it is a wise choice for you to buy an e。dictionary。提出i think he is fi

20、t for the position；therefore, ill put him forward as a candidate。推薦you ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes。將（鐘表）向前撥they have put forward the date of their wedding by one week。將提前put aside節(jié)??；儲蓄；儲存；留出put away放好；積蓄put off延期；推遲put up舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿put through接通電話；完成；使經(jīng)受the match has been put of

21、f until tomorrow because of bad weather.（朗文辭典）由于天氣不好，比賽推遲到明天. make sense 有意義；有道理；講得通經(jīng)典例句it doesnt make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars。只是為了省一點(diǎn)錢買最便宜牌子的電腦沒意義。（1)make sense of理解;明白make no sense沒道理；沒意義（2)in a sense在某一方面；就某種意義來說in no sense決不（位于句首時用部分倒裝)（3）there is n

22、o/little sense in doing sth。做某事沒道理planning so far ahead makes no sense-so many things will have changed by next year。提前這么久計劃沒有意義到明年許多事情都會發(fā)生變化。what she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make sense of it.她所講的話如此令人費(fèi)解，他們搞不明白她是什么意思。as far as im concerned，there is no sense in getting（get

23、) upset about it now.就我而言，現(xiàn)在為這事苦惱是沒有意義的。鏈接寫作翻譯句子你決不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣。繼續(xù)努力，你遲早會成功的。in no sense should you lose heart;keep trying and you will make it sooner or later。突破2個高考句型 （教材p2)neither its cause nor its cure was understood。人們既不知道其起因,也不知道它的治療方法。neither.。nor。.“既不也不”，連接句中兩個相同的句子成分。連接主語時,謂語動詞遵循就近一致原則。to be hone

24、st，i have neither time nor money for the ball。說實話，我既沒有時間也沒有錢參加舞會。遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞:either.or。不是就是not only.。. but also.。不僅而且not.。.but.。.不是而是neither my wife nor i myself am(be）able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我本人都沒能說服女兒改變主意.not only the nurses but also the doctor is（be）very kind to th

25、e patients.不僅護(hù)士而且醫(yī)生也對病人很友善。鏈接寫作合并句子henry wont see a film tonight。 his girlfriend helen wont， either。neither henry nor his girlfriend helen will see a film tonight?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號：30892113】 (教材p2）so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死.every time為名詞詞組，引導(dǎo)時間

26、狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，表示“每當(dāng)時”。i think of the happy hours we spent together every time i see these photos.每次看到這些照片，我都會想起我們一起度過的美好時光。名詞詞組作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的還有：（1)由time構(gòu)成的名詞詞組：each time，the first/last time，next time，any time等。(2)the瞬間名詞：the minute/instant/second/moment等。the first time he came to the city,he deci

27、ded to settle there。他第一次來到那個城市時，就決定在那里安家了.the moment the famous pop star got out of the airport，he was surrounded by his fans。這位著名的歌星一出機(jī)場，就被他的歌迷們圍了起來。多角快練-練單詞 練短語 練句型-基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)全面練。單句語法填空1when he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa, (absorb） in conversation.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：30892114】2becau

28、se of the severe （pollute)，the water in the river is too dirty to drink.3not knowing what was wrong with his car，martin decided to send for an experienced man (handle) the problem.4children, when （expose) to an englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily。5finding a solutio

29、n to this problem is one of the greatest (challenge） faced by scientists today。6the army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty (defeat) the enemy。【答案】1。absorbed2.pollution3.to handle4。exposed5。challenges6。defeating.單句改錯1all the people present accepted the suggestion was put forwar

30、d by the chairman. 2it doesnt make sense to complain after defeated。you should cheer up and practise hard instead. 3neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result. 4every time i will meet with difficulties in study，i solve it by myself. 5tom suggested that we would not hold such a m

31、eeting，but jenny insisted that it was of great importance。 【答案】1。去掉was或was前加which/that2。after后加being3.isare4。去掉will5。去掉would或wouldshould重難考點(diǎn)多維練1conclude全接觸（1)單句語法填空in (conclude)， people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.john said he could conclude janes express

32、ion that jane had stolen his money。when the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude it important points.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：30892115】(2)一句多譯我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：有志者，事竟成.i where there is a will，there is a way.i where there is a will，there is a way.【答案】conclusionfromwithdrew a conclusion from my own exper

33、iences thatconcluded from my own experiences that2blame點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練（1）單句語法填空 (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, alice was in low spirits。whenever he didnt perform well in his studies， he would blame his failure carelessness.in my view, li hua， who broke the school rule， was （blame）.【導(dǎo)學(xué)

34、號：30892116】（2）一句多譯針對這起嚴(yán)重的交通事故，警方已經(jīng)查明事情的起因，是那位卡車司機(jī)應(yīng)為此事負(fù)責(zé)。in terms of this severe traffic accident， the police had figured out the cause of the case and it was the driver of the lorry （blame v)in terms of this severe traffic accident， the police had figured out the cause of the case and it was the dri

35、ver of the lorry it。(blame n)【答案】blamedonto blamethat was to blamethat should take the blame for.課文語法填空根據(jù)p23課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.john snow was a famous doctor in london, who was so expert that he 1. （attend） queen victoria as her personal physician. but he was famous for 2。 （defeat)“kin

36、g cholera”cholera was a 3. (dead) disease and neither its cause 4. its cure was understood。 john snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem。 he suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.so when another severe outbreak hit london， he began his enquiry

37、。 he found that many victims 5。 （link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle 6. (remove)。 soon afterwards the disease slowed down。 he drew 7。 conclusion that the polluted water was 8。 （blame)the water 9. (company) were instructed not to expose people 10. polluted water any more。 finally“king cholera” was defeated.【答案】1。attended2.defeating3。deadly4。nor5.linked6.removed7。the8。to p