冬季蔬菜大棚防凍措施

1、冬季蔬菜大棚防凍措施現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)入冬季，近日，南方地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了大范圍雨雪天氣，湖南、江西、浙江、江蘇等12個(gè)?。▍^(qū)、市）區(qū)域平均降水量創(chuàng)1961年以來(lái)歷史同期最大值，雨雪后氣溫驟降。降溫天氣過(guò)程對(duì)部分在田農(nóng)作物可能造成凍害，給當(dāng)?shù)販厥沂卟松a(chǎn)帶來(lái)了不利影響，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意做好大棚蔬菜和在地越冬蔬菜的管理。為減少損失，針對(duì)雪后這種特殊情況，專家提出了雪后溫室蔬菜管理措施供廣大農(nóng)民群眾參考。具體如下： 1、及時(shí)清除膜上積雪，防止溫室被壓塌。我市大部分溫室設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)建造時(shí)的最大耐積雪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為25cm，而本次降雪遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以應(yīng)及時(shí)清除積雪，不能等雪晴后再清除，那樣可能為時(shí)已晚。溫室兩邊的積雪也應(yīng)及時(shí)清除

2、，防止融化時(shí)吸收大量熱量而降低棚內(nèi)溫度。清除積雪時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免損傷棚膜。 2、修復(fù)受損棚膜，加固設(shè)施骨架。要抓緊時(shí)間修復(fù)溫室棚膜，加固溫室骨架和支柱。溫室四周底膜要用泥土壓嚴(yán)，膜布漏洞要用膠布補(bǔ)好，以減少冷空氣侵襲。 3、增溫保暖，防寒防凍?？刹捎酶采w草簾、無(wú)紡布、遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)或多層覆蓋等保溫措施，必要時(shí)可采取臨時(shí)補(bǔ)溫措施，如煙熏、煤爐、暖氣、臨時(shí)可燃物等。一般棚內(nèi)溫度應(yīng)控制在最低極限以上，果菜類8至10攝氏度。 4、開(kāi)溝排水。做好溝渠清溝排水工作，降低地下水位，防止因溝渠淤塞、冰凍、而造成雪化后排水不暢，影響蔬菜等作物生長(zhǎng)。 5、適時(shí)通風(fēng)透光。要盡早揭簾采光，揭簾初期采取揭花簾的辦法，防止強(qiáng)光直射使

3、作物失水嚴(yán)重引起急性凋萎。針對(duì)雪后驟晴的情況，晴天上午要結(jié)合防病噴施植物精華素、綠亨天寶等營(yíng)養(yǎng)液；中午前后蓋花簾，防止植株因陽(yáng)光暴曬而造成萎蔫。當(dāng)棚室茄果類蔬菜出現(xiàn)萎蔫時(shí)，可用1500倍的奈乙酸溶液灌根，每株灌500ml。雪后應(yīng)適時(shí)通風(fēng)以降低大棚內(nèi)空氣濕度、增加co2濃度，以利于提高作物抗寒能力。通風(fēng)應(yīng)在晴天中午進(jìn)行。 6、加強(qiáng)病蟲(chóng)害防治，合理施肥。雪后大棚蔬菜灰霉病、秧苗猝倒病等病害，可采用煙熏劑防治，以提高防效。科學(xué)合理增施磷鉀肥，提高蔬菜的抗寒性。對(duì)受冷害和凍害的蔬菜和秧苗，使用0.2%的磷酸二氫鉀噴施葉面，增加蔬菜抗性。黃瓜、番茄等葉面色澤較淺時(shí)，還要加入適量尿素。 7、補(bǔ)栽。針對(duì)受害

4、較嚴(yán)重的蔬菜，可采用補(bǔ)栽或改種其它蔬菜種類的方法來(lái)減少損失。29c91afe4ced1b6c8795ad9c91afe4ced1b6c8795ad91afe4ced1b6c8795ad9c91fe4ced1b6c8795ad29c91afedd1b6c87d1b6c8795ad9c91afe4ced1b6c8795ad91afe4ced1b6c8795ad9c91fe4ced1b6c8795ad29c91af95ad9c91afe4ced1b6c8795ad91afe4ced1b6c8795ad9d1b6c8795ad9c91afe4ced1b6c8795a1afe4ced1b6c8795ad

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