人教版新目標(biāo)初中八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)每課精講精練　全冊(cè)

1、unit 1will people have robots?i. 詞匯more，less，fewer i dont agree. = i disagree. i agree (with you).in five years on computer on paperbesides on vacation many different kinds of goldfish no more be free live in as a reporter free timefall in love with like doing sth keep a parrotlook smart be able to

2、do. are you kidding?ii. grammar:一般將來(lái)時(shí)there will be few，a few，little，a little，much，many語(yǔ)法小結(jié)：一、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1用be doing表示將來(lái)：主要意義是表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用于位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞。 如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞。 we are having fish for dinner. we are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 這種用法通常帶有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則

3、根據(jù)上下文可表示最近即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 a: where are you going? b: i am going for a walk. are you coming with me? a: yes，i am just coming. wait for me.2用be going to do表示將來(lái)：主要意義，一是表示“意圖”，即打算在最近的將來(lái)或?qū)?lái)進(jìn)行某事。are you going to post that letter? how long is he going to stay here? i am going to book a ticket. 另一意義是表示“預(yù)見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象

4、表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。 its going to rain. george is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示將來(lái)： 主要意義，一是表示預(yù)見。 you will feel better after taking this medicine. do you think it will rain? 二是表示意圖. i will not lend the book to you. take it easy，i will not do it any longer. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： she w

5、ill come to have class tomorrow. will she come to have class tomorrow? she wont come to have class tomorrow. what will she do tomorrow?二、there be結(jié)構(gòu)1. therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的be是可以運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)的。 there is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有個(gè)會(huì)議。 there was a knock at the door.有人敲門。 there has been a girl waiting for you.有個(gè)女

6、孩一直在等你。 there will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。 2. 動(dòng)詞be單復(fù)數(shù)形式要跟there be之后的真正的主語(yǔ)一致。并且要根據(jù)就近一致原則來(lái)變換be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如there is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書。 how many people are there in the city? 這個(gè)城市里有多少人口？ there is a pen and two books on the desk.課桌上有一個(gè)鋼筆和兩本書。 there are two books and a pen on the desk.課桌上有兩本書和一個(gè)鋼筆。 t

7、here are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些學(xué)生和一位老師。 there is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老師和一些學(xué)生。 3. 在therebe引起的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式均可。 there is no time to lose (=to be lost). 時(shí)間緊迫。 there is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不見有什么。 there is nothing to do. (=

8、to be done)無(wú)事可做。 4、there is no doing. (口語(yǔ))不可能. there is no telling when he will be back. 無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。 there is no knowing what he is doing. 無(wú)法知道他在做什么。 三、課文難句解析1. will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人們還會(huì)使用錢幣嗎？1) money 金錢；貨幣 eg whats the money? 價(jià)錢是多少? paper money 紙幣；鈔票2) in 100 years 在100年之后“in+一段時(shí)

9、間”常用在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中 eg ill come in an hour. 我一小時(shí)后來(lái)。 ill see you again in three days. 三天后我再見你。2. there will be less leisure time空閑時(shí)間會(huì)更少。1) less 形容詞：較少的(是little的比較級(jí))，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其最高級(jí)是least；反義詞是more。 eg janes less beautiful than mary. 簡(jiǎn)不如瑪麗漂亮。 five is less than six 5比6少。2) leisure time 空閑時(shí)間 egwhat do you do in your

10、 leisure time? 你空閑時(shí)間做些什么？3. i think there will be more pollution 我認(rèn)為將會(huì)有更多的污染產(chǎn)生。1) think后跟的是賓語(yǔ)從句，且賓語(yǔ)從句是there be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“there will be+物+其他成分”。 eg i think it will rain tomorrow. 我認(rèn)為明天會(huì)下雨。 i think there will be fewer trees. 我認(rèn)為將來(lái)樹木會(huì)更少。 2) pollution表示“污染”，用作不可數(shù)名詞。 例如：they did a lot to stop water pol

11、lution他們采取大量措施制止水污染。4. i dont agree 我不同意。 agree在本句中作動(dòng)詞，i dont agree是一句交際用語(yǔ)，表示“不贊成某人或某人的觀點(diǎn)”，如果表贊成，則為i agree。1) 表示“同意某人意見”時(shí)用agree with sb，該短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 eg did you agree with him? 你同意他的意見嗎? i dont agree with what she said 我不同意她所說(shuō)的。2) 表示“同意(某計(jì)劃、辦法、建議、條件)”時(shí)，用agree to(to在此用作介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞的成分)，該短語(yǔ)可以用于被動(dòng)

12、語(yǔ)態(tài)。 egi agree to your idea 我同意你的想法。 my plan was agreed to by all of them 他們所有的人都同意我的計(jì)劃。3) 表示“就取得一致意見”用agree on(或upon)，指“兩者或兩者以上的商定，達(dá)成協(xié)議”。 egthey both agreed on the date for the meeting他們雙方都同意開會(huì)的日期。4) agree后還可以接不定式，不接動(dòng)名詞，表示“同意做某事”。 egthey agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon他們同意明天下午動(dòng)身。5. what do you th

13、ink sally will be in five years? 你認(rèn)為薩莉5年之后將會(huì)是什么樣子? 此句中的do you think是插入語(yǔ)，其后接的賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 eg which book do you think she will like? 你認(rèn)為她會(huì)喜歡哪本書? who do you think did it? 你認(rèn)為是誰(shuí)干的那件事?6. i went to shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜歡上了這座城市。1) go表示“去”，過去式是went，“go to+地名”表示“到某地去”。 egw

14、hen will you go to school? 你什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)？ he will go to the factory tomorrow他明天要去那所工廠。 如果go后面接副詞，不用to。 eghe went home at before six yesterday evening他昨天晚上6點(diǎn)前回家的。2) last year意為“去年”，用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中。 eghe went to london last year去年他去了倫敦。3) love愛，熱愛，其反義詞是hate；fall in love with是“喜愛；愛上；與相戀”的意思。 eghe went to harbin l

15、ast year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈爾濱，并且喜歡上了那里。7. i cant have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能養(yǎng)寵物，因?yàn)槲覌尣幌矚g他們1) because在這句中用作連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“因?yàn)椤?。注意在英語(yǔ)中because不能和so同時(shí)使用。 egjohn didnt go to school because he was ill. 約翰沒有上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?) hate表示“不喜歡，憎恨”，后可跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可用詞組hate doing sth.，表示“討厭做某事”

16、。 eghe hated flowers. 他討厭花朵。 i hate swimming in the lake. 我討厭在那個(gè)湖里游泳。8. ill probably go skating and swimming every day. 我會(huì)每天都去滑冰和游泳。1) go doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“去做 go skating 去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去買東西 go fishing 去釣魚 go boating 去劃船 egmy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去釣魚。 i like going skating我

17、喜歡去滑冰。2) every day與everyday區(qū)別：every day表示“每天”，通常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用；而everyday表示“日常的，每天發(fā)生的，每日所用的”，是形容詞。例如： egi get up at six every day. 我每天6點(diǎn)起床。 he wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. during the week ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit 在工作日里，我會(huì)看上去很精神，也許會(huì)穿一身套裝。1) during表示“在期間”，during the week是介詞短語(yǔ)，意

18、為“在工作日里”。 egthe sun gives us light during the day. 太陽(yáng)在白天給我們陽(yáng)光。 he fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上課時(shí)睡著了。2) look表示“看上去”，用作連系動(dòng)詞，其后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 egthat dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起來(lái)很危險(xiǎn)。 you look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。3) wear表示“穿”，表示狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)狀態(tài)。 egwe wear our rain boots on a rainy

19、day. 我們?cè)谙掠晏齑┯晷?she is wearing a new coat 她穿著一件新衣服。 does he wear glasses? 她戴眼鏡嗎？ put on是“穿上”，“戴上”的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。 egshe put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上紅色大衣出去了。 注意：put on是一時(shí)的動(dòng)作，不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 他整天戴著草帽。 誤：he puts on a hat all day. 正：he wears a hat all day. 10. ill go to hong kong on vacation 我會(huì)去香港度假。on v

20、acation意為“在度假”，on表示“處于狀態(tài)中”。eg he will go to hangzhou on vacation他要到杭州度假。 my father will be away on business tomorrow我爸爸明天要出差。11. what do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你認(rèn)為明天的天氣怎樣?1) whats the weather like? 是詢問天氣怎么樣，相當(dāng)于how is the weather？what be like?可以用來(lái)征求對(duì)方對(duì)某事的看法或意見，意思是“怎么樣?” 類似的說(shuō)法還有w

21、hat do you think of? how do you like?等句型。 egwhat is the book like? what do you think of the book? how do you like the book? 你覺得這本書怎么樣? whats the weather like today?how is the weather today? 今天天氣怎么樣?2) what isare1ike? 可用來(lái)提問天氣情況，也可用來(lái)對(duì)人(或物)的外觀、外貌提問，還可以用來(lái)對(duì)其特性提問。 egwhats the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣?

22、whats the young girl like? 那個(gè)年輕女孩長(zhǎng)什么樣? what was the book like? 那本書怎么樣?12. there were many famous predictions that never came true(過去)有許多從沒成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。著名的預(yù)測(cè)1) 本句中that never came true是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，用于修飾先行詞predictions，that為引導(dǎo)詞，作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，不可省略。2) come true指“理想，夢(mèng)想等實(shí)現(xiàn)”。come是連系動(dòng)詞；true是形容詞，做連系動(dòng)詞come的表語(yǔ)。 egmy dream will come

23、 true someday. 有一天我的夢(mèng)想會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 her dream to go to university has come true 她上大學(xué)的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。四、練習(xí)exercise:i. multiple choice1. are you _ your winter holiday next week?a. going to have b. will have c. had d. have2. do you often _ from your parents?a. heard b. hears c. to hear d. hear3. _ lucy _ her homework in

24、her room now?a. is，doing b. does，do c. do，do d. did，do4. she dances better than mary _.a. is b. has c. does d. dance5. mary usually _ up at five oclock.a. will get b. got c. get d. gets6. they _ four english classes a week last term.a. has b. have c. had d. are having7. a bird can _ but i cant.a. fl

25、ies b. flying c. flew d. fly8. they _ to see me yesterday evening.a. will come b. comes c. are coming d. came9. were moving to a different town _.a. the day before yesterday b. last sunday c. the day after tomorrow d. a week ago10. look! the monkeys _ the tree.a. climb b. are climbingc. is climbing

26、d. were climbing11. when _ you _ to australia? next monday.a. did，fly b. will，fly c. are，fly d. do，fly12. which team _ the next football match?a. wins b. won c. will win d. winkeys: 15 adacd 610 cddcb 1112 bcii. 句型與結(jié)構(gòu)(i). read each sentence. add a second sentence withll using the words in parenthese

27、s.1. i feel sick today. (be better tomorrow) ill be better tomorrow.2. gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _3. im tired now. (sleep later) _4. my parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _5. we cant leave right now. (leave a little later) _6. the weather is awful today. (be be

28、tter tomorrow) _keys:2. shell have a lot of homework tonight. 3. ill sleep later.4. theyll buy one soon 5. well leave a little later 6. maybe itll be better tomorrow.(ii). complete the conversation. use will or wonta: how are you going?b: well，im looking for a job in a hospital.a: what kind of hospi

29、tal job _ you get?b: well，i know i _ be a secretary. i dont know how to type. maybe i _ be a nurse. i like helping people.a: _ you have the same job in five years?b: no，i _.a: what _ you do?b: i _ change jobs. i _ get a job in a hospital.keys: will，wont，will，will，wont，will，will，wontii、看圖表，用more，less

30、或 fewer 完成練習(xí)。 littleton，new yorknowin 100 years600 houses1000 housesa lot of pollutionalmost no pollutionseven schoolstwo schools2400 people3500 peoplea lot of snowa little snowsix movie theaterstwo movie theatersin 100 years1. there will be _ houses. 2. there will be _ pollution.3. there will be _

31、schools. 4. there will be _ people.5. there will be _ snow. 6. there will be _ movie theaters.keys: 1. more 2.less 3. fewer 4. more 5. less 6. feweriii、閱讀練習(xí)catvcatv is a short way saying “community antenna (公用天線) television”. but “cabletelevision” is the name most people use. cable television allows

32、 viewers(觀眾) to receive tvprograms that they can not pick up with their ordinary antenna.television signals(信號(hào)) do not follow the curve(曲線) of the earth. they travel in straight lines in all directions. signals from a tv station move towards the horizon(水平線) and then go into space. if you live only

33、a few miles from a tv station，you may get a good picture on your set. but if you live more than 50 miles from a station，you may not get any pictures at all.catv began in 1948. people in places far from tv stations had to pay for putting up high antennas. a community antenna was usually placed on a h

34、ill，a mountain or on a high tower. the antenna picked up tv signals and fed them into a small local(當(dāng)?shù)氐? station. from the station，thick wires called cable ran out to nearby homes. each person using the cable paid a monthly charge(費(fèi)用).catv worked well，and soon new uses were found for it. local stati

35、ons could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. people along the cable could have local news，weather report，and farm and school news at no extra charge.today，cable television has moved into cities. it brings in extra programs that city viewers with ordinary antenna can not see. it

36、is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。1. from the first paragraph we know that _.a. most people use cable television b. “community antenna” is used for cable televisionc. a community antenna is used for cable televisiond. an ordinary antenna can not pick up tv programs

37、2. of the following，which is not the way tv signals travel?a. in a curve. b. in a straight line. c. in all directions. d. towards the horizon.3. cable tv is becoming more and more popular because _.a. it is free of charge b. it provides all tv users good picturesc. it only needs a bit of cabled. it

38、can provide more programs4. on the whole，this passage is about _.a. how to put up high antennas b. a way of picking up better tv programsc. how to use the empty channels on your tv set d. the way that tv signals are sent5. from the passage we can infer(推測(cè)) that _.a. tv has begun to be used for educa

39、tional purpose(目的)b. viewers can receive more tv programs with their ordinary antennasc. cable tv can not be used in small townsd. antennas for cable tv are usually put up in the center of a communitykeys: cadba unit 2 what should i do? 【單元目標(biāo)】1單詞與短語(yǔ)stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wron

40、g, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset1.want sb. to do sth.2.play ones stereo3stay at home 4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style 6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone9.surprise sb.10.pay for11.get a part-time job12.bo

41、rrow sth. from sb. 13.ask sb. for14.have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset 17.call up 18.the same as 19.get on well with sb. 20.return sth. 21.have a fight with sb. 22.fromto 23.drop off 24.prepare for 25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road 2目標(biāo)句型： 1. what should i d

42、o? 2. why dont you? 3. you could 4. you should 5. you shouldnt3語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 【重難點(diǎn)分析】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verbs )* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可稱為“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 (modal auxiliaries)”，因?yàn)樗突局鷦?dòng)詞(be,do, have)都屬于助動(dòng)詞類。* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和其他動(dòng)詞連用，可表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣。* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可表達(dá)建議、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。* 常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would這九大情態(tài)

43、動(dòng)詞；其他的還有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系：1. 現(xiàn)在式 can - 過去式 could2. 現(xiàn)在式 may - 過去式 might3. 現(xiàn)在式 shall - 過去式 should4. 現(xiàn)在式 will - 過去式 would5. 現(xiàn)在式 must - 過去式 must （常用had to來(lái)代替）二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“可能”或“預(yù)測(cè)”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“預(yù)測(cè)”：1. he cant be at home. (否

44、定句) 他不可能在家。2. can the news be true? (將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 置于主語(yǔ) the news 前就成疑問句) 這消息可能是真的嗎?3. anybody can make mistake. (只表示理論上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯錯(cuò)誤。（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事實(shí)上的可能性”或“預(yù)測(cè)”：1. it may rain tomorrow. (表示可能會(huì)發(fā)生) 明天可能會(huì)下雨。2. it may snow later this afternoon. (表示預(yù)測(cè)) 今天下午可能會(huì)下雪。3. you might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是對(duì)的。

45、（3）will 和 would 用于表示“預(yù)測(cè)”或“習(xí)慣性”：1. i think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定會(huì))我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。2. that would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母親。3. he will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示經(jīng)常的) 他經(jīng)常一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒看著河水。（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：1. i shall be rich one day. (shall be

46、) 總有一天我會(huì)發(fā)達(dá)的。2. that should be sam and his mother. (should be) 那準(zhǔn)是sam 和他的母親。（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必會(huì)”：1. this must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 這肯定對(duì)你是有益的。2. all mankind must die.(表示必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事) 所有的人一定會(huì)死的。3. mustnt there be a mistake? (mustnt 多用于疑問句) 那肯定會(huì)有錯(cuò)誤嗎？三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“許可”、“請(qǐng)求”(can, could, will, would, shall,

47、should, may, might, must)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“許可”、“請(qǐng)求”：1. can i go with you? (請(qǐng)求) 我能跟你一起走嗎？2. father said i could go to cinema. (表示過去的許可) 爸爸說(shuō)我可以去看電影。3. could i ask you something ? (請(qǐng)求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 我可以問你一件事嗎？（2）will 和 would 用于表示“請(qǐng)求”1. will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客氣請(qǐng)求) 請(qǐng)

48、問到郵局怎么走？2. would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客氣) 請(qǐng)你告訴我你的地址，好嗎？（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意見1. shall we talk? 我們談?wù)労脝幔?. what should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客氣) 下一步我們?cè)撛趺醋觯?. shall he come to see you? (用于第三人稱疑問句) 要不要他來(lái)看你？（4）may 和 might 用于表示“許可”(口語(yǔ)中多用 can )1. you may take a

49、 walk. (表示給予許可) 你可以散散步。2. you might read the story for me. (比may更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 是否請(qǐng)給我讀一讀這故事。3.may i make a suggestion? 我可以提個(gè)建議嗎？4. might i take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行嗎？5. students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不許可或禁止) 學(xué)生不得在圖書館里吵鬧。6. if i may say so, you are not right. (用于條件句，表示請(qǐng)求) 你是不對(duì)的，

50、如果我可以這么說(shuō)的話。（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不準(zhǔn)”：1. cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不許可) 此地不準(zhǔn)停車。2. all of you mustnt fishing in the pool. (must not 語(yǔ)氣方面比 may not 更強(qiáng)) 你們不準(zhǔn)在池里釣魚。四、重要短語(yǔ)和表達(dá)法(key words)1argue v爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵 argue with sb與某人吵架 i argued with my best friend我和我的好朋友吵架了。 dont argue with him. 別和他爭(zhēng)吵了。 2 either adv.（用于否定句）也 he doesnt have any money, and i dont, either他沒有錢，我也沒有。 i cant play chess. she cant, either.我不會(huì)下國(guó)際象棋，她也不會(huì)。 too 也（用于肯定或疑問句） im a teacherhe is a teacher, too我是老師，他也是老師。 we are going hiking. are they going hik