考點(diǎn)20 虛擬語(yǔ)氣-備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò)

1、 考點(diǎn) 20 虛擬語(yǔ)氣高考頻度：【命題解讀】對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查重點(diǎn)在于根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境靈活多樣地運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的應(yīng)用，交際用語(yǔ)中為表示委婉而使用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以及特殊句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣等?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】在特定語(yǔ)境下，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)相結(jié)合的考查是近年來(lái)高考的趨勢(shì)。【復(fù)習(xí)建議】1. 掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法；2. 掌握含蓄虛擬條件句的用法；3. 掌握主從句時(shí)間不一致的虛擬條件句的用法；4. 掌握名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；5. 掌握 wish/if only/would rather 從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法?？枷蛞?if 條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句

2、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 (be 的過(guò)去式用 should/would/could/might 動(dòng)should/would/could/mighthave過(guò)去分詞had過(guò)去分詞should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should/would/could/might 動(dòng)were to動(dòng)詞原形if i were you，i would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。we would have called a taxi yesterday if harold hadnt offered us a ride home.1 如果昨天哈羅德沒(méi)送我們回家，我們會(huì)打出租車回家的?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】虛擬語(yǔ)氣記憶

3、口訣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表愿望；if 句中三情況；與現(xiàn)事實(shí)若相反；would have過(guò)分鍵；從過(guò) were to should 原；would 動(dòng)原主將反。1.(2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空) they might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.a. droveb. would drivec. were to drived. had driven【參考答案】d【答案解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果他們多開(kāi)幾公里的話，他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。由“they mighthave found a better hotel”可知，

4、該句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。if _ a few more kilometers 是條件句部分，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，條件句部分要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故d 選項(xiàng)正確。2.(2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空) if the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened.a. had been putc. should be putb. were putd. would be put【參考答案】a【答案解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，從句用had done 形式， 故答案選 a。句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)已投入使用的

5、話， 這次事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。2.(2016天津卷單項(xiàng)填空)i was wearing a seatbelt. if i hadnt been wearing one, i _.a. were injuredb. would be injuredc. had been injuredd. would have been injured2 【參考答案】d【答案解析】句意：我當(dāng)時(shí)系著安全帶。如果我沒(méi)有系安全帶，我就會(huì)受傷了。使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù) if 條件句用的 had done，可知，主句用 would have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，而且i 和 injure 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選 d?？枷蚨?/p>

6、 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。if you had followed the doctor，syaoduvwicoeuld be better now.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)醫(yī)生建議的話，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。1. （2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）if we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on thebeacha. had caughtc. have caught【答案】ab. caughtd. would c

7、atch【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday可知，從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用 had + v-ed。故選 a。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動(dòng)詞形式判斷所考查的動(dòng)詞的虛擬時(shí)間，一般要保持一致，但要注意錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時(shí)間做出調(diào)整。本題就是錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。2.（2016江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）if it_ for his invitation the other day, i should n

8、ot be here now.a. had not beenc. were not to be【參考答案】ab. should not bed. should not have been【答案解析】本句屬于錯(cuò)綜條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if 從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，所以使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：如果不是因?yàn)榍皫滋焖难?qǐng)，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這里了。故 a 正確。3 考向三 省略 if 的倒裝句在條件句中可省略if，把 were，had，should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。if i were at school again, i would study ha

9、rder.were i at school again, i would study harder.如果我重回學(xué)校，我會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。if you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.要是你來(lái)的再早點(diǎn)，你可能就趕上公交了。if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.要是明天下雨，我們就不去爬山

10、了。(2017江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空)_not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome herdifficulty.a. it werec. it wasb. were itd. was it【參考答案】b【答案解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)主句could not overcome 可知此處是省略 if 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝，所以were應(yīng)放于主語(yǔ) it 之前，陳述句應(yīng)為if it were not，故選 b 項(xiàng)。句意：要不是老師們的支持，這個(gè)學(xué)生不可能克服困難?？枷蛩?含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)候，虛擬條件不是通過(guò)if 引

11、導(dǎo)的條件句來(lái)表示，而是暗含在上下文中。（1）用 but for 、without(如果沒(méi)有）等來(lái)代替條件從句。without electricity human life would be quite different.=if there were no electricity, human life would be quite different.如果沒(méi)有電，人類的生活將會(huì)有很大不同。（2）用 otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣。i lost your address. otherwise, i would have

12、 visited you long before.4 =i lost your address. if i hadnt lost your address, i would have visited you long before.你的地址我弄丟了，要不我早就去拜訪你了。（3）虛擬條件通過(guò)but 暗示出來(lái)。he would have given you more help,but he was too busy.他本來(lái)會(huì)給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了。也就是說(shuō)，如果那時(shí)他不忙，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實(shí)際上暗示了一個(gè)虛擬條件如果那時(shí)他不忙。he would

13、 lose weight,but he eats too much.他本來(lái)可以減肥的，但是他吃得太多了。也就是說(shuō)，如果他吃得不多的話，他是可以減肥的。句中的 but he eats too much實(shí)際上暗示了一個(gè)虛擬條件如果他吃得不多。1.（2019江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）what a pity! you missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.a. hadb. will havec. would have hadd. had had【參考答案】c【答案解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：真遺憾！你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次觀光，否則，我們本應(yīng)該在一起度過(guò)一段愉

14、快時(shí)光的。根據(jù)上文，可知是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句： if+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他，主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他，故選 c。2.(2018天津卷單項(xiàng)填空) i cant find my purse. i_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but im not sure.a. should leavec. might leaveb. must have leftd. could have left【參考答案】d【答案解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：我不能找到我的錢

15、包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done，再根據(jù)后句 but im not sure.可知，此推測(cè)為不能肯定的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，表示“可能”。故選 d。3.（2015重慶卷單項(xiàng)填空）without his wartime experiences, hemingway_ his famous novela farewell toarms.a. didnt writec. wouldnt write【參考答案】db. hadnt writtend. wouldnt have writt

16、en【答案解析】本題是含蓄條件句。句意：沒(méi)有他戰(zhàn)時(shí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，海明威就不可能寫出著名的小說(shuō)永別了武5 器。根據(jù) without his wartime experience 沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，可知表示對(duì)于過(guò)去的否定猜測(cè)，故主句用wouldhave done，因此選 d 項(xiàng)?？枷蛭?名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend 等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should動(dòng)詞原形

17、，should 可以省略。her mother suggested that she should go and see the doctor.她媽媽建議她去看醫(yī)生?！咎貏e提醒】 suggest 表暗示，insist 表堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。試比較：he insisted that i had read his letter. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我看過(guò)他的信。he insisted that i should read his letter. 他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。he suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建議我們留下吃飯。i suggested t

18、hat you had a secret understanding with him. 我覺(jué)得你與他心照不宣。2用于主語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)句型：it is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ . + that.it is sbs order/desire/suggestion/advice/ . + that.it is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ . + that從句謂語(yǔ)形式：（should+）動(dòng)詞原形it is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m

19、. 軍隊(duì)必須在上午 4 點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)那里。it is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。it is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。3用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在 suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是should動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略。6 his dema

20、nd is that the boy should go with him.他要求這個(gè)男孩和他一起去。our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go. 我們的建議是你應(yīng)該第一個(gè)去。he issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。1.(2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空) its strange that he _ have taken the books without theowners permission.a. wouldc. couldb.

21、 shouldd. might【參考答案】b【答案解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：真奇怪，他竟然沒(méi)有主人的允許就拿走了這些書。在句型”it isimportant/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由 that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中的 should 可以省略。故選 b。2.（2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 ii短文改錯(cuò)）some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.【參考答案】刪除 can 或 can 改為 should【答案

22、解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。動(dòng)詞 suggest 作為建議講的時(shí)候，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+）動(dòng)詞原形，所以本句可以刪除 can 或 can 改為 should。考向六 wish 賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + wish (that) +從句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be 一律用 were。i wish i knew everything in the world. 我希望我知道世界上的一切。i wish that the experiment were a success. 我希望實(shí)驗(yàn)是成功的。2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + wish (t

23、hat) + 從句主語(yǔ) + would/could + have + 過(guò)去分詞或 had + 過(guò)去分詞。i wish that you had called yesterday. 我希望你昨天打來(lái)電話。i didnt go to the party, but i do wish i had been there. 我沒(méi)有去參加聚會(huì)，但我真希望我去過(guò)那兒。3.表示將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + wish (that) + 從句主語(yǔ) + would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形。i wish that he could try again. 我希望他能再試一次。7 i

24、wish that someday i should live on the moon. 我希望有一天我能在月球上生活。1.(2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空)there is a good social life in the village, and i wish i _ a second chance tobecome more involved.a. hadb. will haved. have hadc. would have had【答案】a【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：在這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有機(jī)會(huì)去更多的參與。本題考查 wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，

25、所以從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選a。2. (2015天津)i wish i _ at my sisters wedding last tuesday, but i was on a business trip in new york then.a. will beb. would bed. had beenc. have been【參考答案】d【答案解析】句意：上個(gè)周二我本希望參加我姐姐的婚禮，但那時(shí)我在紐約出差。本題考查wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句用had + 過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)句意可知選 d?？枷蚱?其他句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1would rather 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示愿望

26、，意為寧愿；但愿。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。i would rather he had passed the exam.我寧愿他通過(guò)了那次考試。2在it is (about/high) timethat 從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，注意 should 不可省略。its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection.是我們致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)的時(shí)候了。3as if，as though 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用

27、一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。they talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他們談啊談好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再見(jiàn)面一樣。8 4if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望。look at the trouble were in.if only we had taken our teachers advice！看看我們所處的困境，要是我們接受老師的建議就好了！題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)單句改錯(cuò)1.id rather you saw the film yesterday.2.it is time that i go to pick u

28、p my daughter at school.3.i wish i knew the truth of the matter.4.if you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.5.you could do better，but you didnt try your best.6.if we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier.7.he suggested that we took the teachers advice.8.if he had been stud

29、ying hard，he would work in the office now.9.but for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey.10.if only i have read the books on reading list before i attended the lecture.題組二能力提升單項(xiàng)填空1.the driver was really careless, otherwise the traffic accident _.a. didnt happenb. hadnt happenedc. wouldnt happe

30、nd. wouldnt have happened2. if you _ yourself to doing everything in the order given, you would miss an opportunity to be aunique individual.a. commitb. committedc. have committedd. had committed3. the boy might have drowned but for the fact that his father _ beside him on the deck at that time.a. w

31、as standing b. stood9 c. had stoodd. would have stood4. what do you think of his performance in the match?he _, but today was not his day.a. need have scoredc. should scoreb. could have scoredd. would score5. i didnt watch the program where are we going, dad? yesterday.i _, either, if my father hadn

32、t reminded me.a. wouldnt havec. wouldntb. didntd. hadnt6. id rather the two countries _ an end to the war. then their people could live in peace.a. putsc. putb. would putd. should put7. we _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?a. should faceb. might facec. could have facedd. must have

33、 faced8. the report urged that all the children _ to swim.a. are taughtb. be taughtc. to be taughtd. being taught9. the match sounds fantastic; how i wish i _ it like you.a. watchedb. had watchedd. have watchedc. would watch10. this nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a hig

34、h time that we _ onwhat weve done to the environment.a. have reflectedc. will reflectb. are reflectingd. reflected題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.（2019天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）the workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half10 the time.a. accomplishedb. had accomplishedc. would accomplishd. would have accomplished2

35、. (2017天津)do you have bettys phone number?yes. otherwise, i _ able to reach her yesterday.a. hadnt beenc. werentb. wouldnt have beend. wouldnt be3.(2016浙江)had the governments and scientists not worked together , aids-related deaths _ since theirhighest in 2005.a. had not fallenc. did not fallb. woul

36、d not falld. would not have fallen4.(2016北京)why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? if you_ me, i could have helped.a. toldb. had toldc. were to telld. would tell5. (2015安徽)it is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now.a. hadb. had hadc. would haved. would have had6. (天津市和平區(qū) 2

37、017 屆高三第三次質(zhì)量調(diào)查（三模）) what happened to the young trees we planted last the trees _ well, but i didnt water them.b. would have grownd. would growc. neednt have grown題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)單句改錯(cuò)1.sawhad seen2.gowent/should go5.dohave done3.knewhad known4.listenedhad listened6.tookhad taken11 7.took(should) take8.workbe

38、 working9.have 后加 had10.havehad題組二能力提升單項(xiàng)填空1. d 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意：那個(gè)司機(jī)真粗心，否則這起交通事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生。a. didnt happen說(shuō)明事故沒(méi)有發(fā)生；b. hadnt happened 是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，不符合語(yǔ)境；c. wouldnt happen 常用來(lái)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)不符；d. wouldnt have happened 的意思是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，本句事故已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故選 d。2. b 【解析】句意：如果你承諾自己按已給的順序做每件事，你就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)成為獨(dú)特個(gè)體的機(jī)會(huì)。此處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，if 從句用一般過(guò)去

39、時(shí)，主句用 would/could+動(dòng)詞原形，故選 b。3. a 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：要不是因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)男孩的父親當(dāng)時(shí)在甲板上站在他旁邊，他可能就會(huì)溺水了。but for 要不是，引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，在此相當(dāng)于 if it hadnt been for；the fact 后跟同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，父親站在男孩身旁是事實(shí)，因此從句不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；根據(jù)at thattime可知，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選 a。4. c 【解析】句意：你認(rèn)為他在比賽中的表現(xiàn)怎么樣？他本能夠得分的，但今天他不走運(yùn)。couldhave done本能夠（本可以）做，但實(shí)際上未做。5. c 【解析】考查虛擬條件句。句意：昨天我沒(méi)有看爸爸去哪兒。如果我爸爸沒(méi)有提醒我，我也不會(huì)看的。從條件句 if my father hadnt reminded me 可知是和過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用 wouldhave done，所以選 c。6. c 【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：我希望這兩個(gè)國(guó)家結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，這