考研英語英譯漢難句分類辨析之倒裝句

1、考研英語英譯漢難句分類辨析之倒裝句 倒裝(inversion)是一種語法手段，用以表示一定句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要和強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分的需要。英語的最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是主、謂結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒。倒裝有兩種。將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，叫做完全倒裝(complete inversion)。如thenbegan a bitter war between the two countries.于是兩國之間開始了惡戰(zhàn)。只將助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)移至主語之前，叫做部分倒裝(partial inversion)。如at no time was the entrance left unguarded.入口

2、無時(shí)無人把守。英語句子的倒裝一是由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝，二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。前一種情況，倒裝是必須的，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤，后一種情況，倒裝是選擇性的，倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。例1among the advantages that future biochips, or“l(fā)iving computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for

3、the parallel processing of information, making them faster than today?s semiconductor devices.分析：這是一個(gè)倒裝句。主語是以that引導(dǎo)的三個(gè)并列句：they are smaller, theydo:heat和they allow:information,謂語動(dòng)詞是are, among:chips是表語。that future:chips是advantages的定語從句。介詞over是advantages所要求的。as much heat是與conventional semiconductor chi

4、ps比較而言的。allow for意為“可以供之用”。making:devices修飾主語中的第三個(gè)句子，與前面兩個(gè)無關(guān)。該句的翻譯可采用兩種方法：are前面的部分用逆序法，后面的部分用順序法。譯文：與普通半導(dǎo)體晶片相比，未來的生物芯片或者“活計(jì)算機(jī)”具有一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)：體積小，產(chǎn)生的熱量少，并能并行處理信息，從而使其速度比當(dāng)今的半導(dǎo)體元件更快。例2this is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a societyswheresthere will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.分析：句中的定語從句out of which grows the hope是完全倒裝句。主語the hope of a society和定語where there will befear較長，置于動(dòng)詞grows之后。由于限制性定語從句out of which grows the hopeof a society與主句關(guān)系緊密，所以采用融合法將this is the worldof a society譯成一個(gè)單句。wh