上海中考英語(yǔ)首字母填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、 模塊十九：首字母填空一、首字母填空解題技巧首字母填空是閱讀體中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，但是只要掌握良好的解題技巧，靜下心來(lái)認(rèn)真對(duì)待，細(xì)心捉摸就一定能攻克這一堡壘。在做這道題是一般應(yīng)該把握好如下步驟：1、 通讀全文，理解短文大意，判斷需填選項(xiàng)的詞性，同時(shí)將一眼能夠得出的答案迅速填上。2、 在理解作者的寫作意圖上進(jìn)行換位思考，把自己想象成作者去努力使文章完整、通順。對(duì)于一下子拿不定主意的空項(xiàng)要及時(shí)跳過(guò)，而不能在上面糾纏，因?yàn)橥竺娴膬?nèi)容會(huì)給予更好的提示。3、 進(jìn)一步閱讀全文，力求整篇文章完整通順，且符合情理，否則寧缺勿亂。4、 檢查每一個(gè)答案的正確性，包括名詞的數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用

2、等等。二、例題分析：athe earth moves round the s 1 . when our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is d 2 .when our part of the earth turns a 3 from the sun, it is night. the sun is much bigger than the moon. but sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun, because it is much n 4 to the earth.the sun is ve

3、ry bright. it gives very strong l 5 . the moon looks quite bright, but it d 6 give any light at all. the light from the moon comes f 7 the sun. the moon looks much bigger and brighter t 8 the stars. but in fact the stars are a lot bigger and brighter than the m 9 . they look smaller than the moon be

4、cause they are f 10 away from the earth.【解題指導(dǎo)】 本文是一篇科普文章。第一段說(shuō)明了地球因自轉(zhuǎn)而產(chǎn)生晝夜交替。第二、四兩段說(shuō)明了人們觀看月亮、太陽(yáng)和星星時(shí)發(fā)生的近大遠(yuǎn)小的視覺(jué)現(xiàn)象，第三段說(shuō)明了太陽(yáng)與月亮發(fā)光與反光的特征。本文每一個(gè)考點(diǎn)都是對(duì)天文知識(shí)的考查。因此，沒(méi)有一定的天文常識(shí)，則不易讀懂本文，更不用說(shuō)解題了。近年來(lái)，中考完形填空的題材趨于多樣化。人物、科普、史地、故事、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、風(fēng)土人情，均為選材范圍，這就要求考生知識(shí)廣博、視野開(kāi)闊、廣泛涉獵?！敬鸢讣昂?jiǎn)析】 1. sun. 地球圍繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是天文常識(shí)。 2. day. 地球面對(duì)太陽(yáng)的半個(gè)球面是白

5、天。 3. away. turn away from意為“背離”。地球上背對(duì)太陽(yáng)的一面是夜晚。 4. nearer. much 后接比較級(jí)。和太陽(yáng)比起來(lái)月亮離地球近多了。 5. light. give light意為“發(fā)光”。太陽(yáng)是發(fā)光體。 6. doesnt. 月亮不發(fā)光。 7. from. 月亮反射太陽(yáng)的光，人們所看到的月亮的光來(lái)自于太陽(yáng)。 8. than. 由空前的bigger and brighter 可知，此處應(yīng)填表示比較的連詞than。 9. moon. 根據(jù)文意，下句的they代指空格所在句子的主語(yǔ)the stars。因此兩句中than后的應(yīng)是同一物，即moon。 10. far

6、ther. 恒星看起來(lái)比月亮小，是因?yàn)樗鼈冸x地球比月亮遠(yuǎn)。從句中的than the moon承前省略。此空仍應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)。 bdogs are good pets. they are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3arrives. when you buy a dog, an important thing

7、to think about is its s 4 -buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. many people dont know how much to feed their dogs. dogs eat a 6 anything! they like meat, rice and lots of other things. you can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. dont let your dogs eat too much

8、. feed it only once a day. always l 8 water for your dog. it can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 . remember that dogs need e 10 . you should take it for a walk every day. dont keep your dog inside all day.【解題指導(dǎo)】本文最突出的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是決大多數(shù)需填詞的后面都有一句或兩句話的內(nèi)容是對(duì)所填詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的。因此，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲞@種類型的題時(shí)，一定要注意分析上下文的內(nèi)

9、容，進(jìn)行推理和歸納，正確的理解句意，最后決定出最佳的詞及其正確形式。 【答案及簡(jiǎn)析】 1. friendly. 人們之所以把狗作為寵物來(lái)養(yǎng)，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈儽容^通人性，且對(duì)人很友好，能給人們帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)。根據(jù)“be very f 1 to people”來(lái)分析，此空應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞，表明狗對(duì)人的態(tài)度。friend是名詞，friendly是形容詞，故friendly是正確答案。 2. children. 寵物狗自然是在家中養(yǎng)， 它們除了聽(tīng)主人的話以外，與家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多數(shù)家庭的情況，并受their一詞的提示，此處應(yīng)填“孩子”的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即children。 3. strange

10、r. 狗的天性是護(hù)家。文中的watch-dogs意為“看家狗”，專門指有生人來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)出叫喊的狗?！吧恕痹谟⑽闹屑礊閟tranger。 4. size. 這個(gè)空略微有點(diǎn)難。一是size一詞平時(shí)用得較少，二是一般家庭都養(yǎng)小型犬，供狗活動(dòng)的空間一般不成問(wèn)題，因此，對(duì)狗的體積問(wèn)題考慮的較少。從后面的句子來(lái)看，此處是在談狗的體積的問(wèn)題“如果你的家小，就買一只小狗；如果你的家大，就買一只大狗。” 5. yours. 這是一個(gè)名詞性物主代詞，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的說(shuō)法應(yīng)是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one

11、if your home is larger. 為避免詞的重復(fù)使用，在英文句子中常用名詞性物主代詞代替前面的那個(gè)名詞。 6. almost. “狗幾乎什么都吃?！边@一點(diǎn)我們從日常生活中也都知道，而且本句話的后面也進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明，“他們喜歡吃肉，米飯和其它的東西?！?7. made. 這是make的過(guò)去分詞，在這里與for dogs一起做定語(yǔ)，修飾food，整句的意思是“你可以在食品店買到許多為狗做的食物?！边@個(gè)空也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。若沒(méi)有正確理解句意，很容易寫成meat。 8. leave. 有養(yǎng)狗經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同學(xué)都知道，每天一定要給狗留下供它喝的水。狗是靠舌頭來(lái)散熱的，因此它極易渴，特別是在夏天

12、。 9. summer. 如果了解了狗的這一生理功能（靠舌頭來(lái)散熱），就不難填出summer一詞。 10. exercise. 如果想讓狗養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣并不生病的話，就必須每天帶它出去散步。從下面的句子you should take it for a walk every day. dont keep your dog inside all day. 來(lái)看，說(shuō)明狗也需要運(yùn)動(dòng)。exercise當(dāng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)”講時(shí)， 是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，不能在詞尾加s。 【基礎(chǔ)題】1a driver stopped his car on a street side to have a rest. he lay down in

13、 the seat and c_ his eyes. a man came up and k_ at the window to ask the time. the driver o_ his eyes and looked at his watch. its 8 am. he said. then he went to sleep again.but soon he woke up b_ a second person was knocking at the window. sir, do you have the time? he asked. the driver looked at h

14、is watch again, and told the man it was 8:30am.at this rate, he could not have a good rest, so he wrote a short n_ and put it upon the window for all to see. it s_: i dont have the time. again the man lay down in the seat for his sleep. a few minutes later, a t_ person came along and began knocking

15、at the window. “hay, sir,” he said. it is a quarter to nine.keys: closed, knocked, opened, because, note, said, third.2it was sunday. i never get up e_ on sundays. i sometime s_ in bed until lunch time. last sunday i got up very l_. i looked out of the window. it was d_ outside. what a day! i though

16、t. it is raining again. just then, the telephone rang. it was my aunt lucy. i have just arrived by train, she said. i am c_ to see you.but i am s_ having my breakfast, i said. what are you doing? she asked.i am having breakfast, i r_. dear me. she said. do you always get up so late? its one oclock!k

17、eys: early, stay, late, dark, coming, still, replied.3until a few years ago, only boys could become s_ at the university of ruritania (魯里坦尼亞). later the university decided to take girls in. but one of the teachers, mr. goller was not pleased at all. he had not wanted to l_ girl students in.mr. goite

18、r always began his lesson with the word gentlemen. what could he do now? well, when the girt students came to his lesson for the f_ time, he still began with the word. for him the girls were j_ not there. then one day there was only one boy in his class among a lot of girls. for a moment, mr. goller

19、 didnt k_ what to do. then he began. sir!f_, a terrible day came when there were no boys in his class. he came into the room, looked at the girls and said, oh, nobodys here today! he turned and went out w_ giving his lessons.keys: students, let, first, just, know, finally, without.4in 1995, ray kroc

20、 v_ a small restaurant in california. the o_ of it was the mcdonald brothers. they built it b_ the road, so people could drive up to the restaurant, buy food without g_ out of their cars and drive away easily. they called it drive-in restaurant.ray kroc saw the bright f_ of the restaurant of this ki

21、nd. he bought the restaurant and used the brothers family name for his new r_. the first mcdonalds restaurant chain was born.now in the united states, there are more than 5.000 restaurants and it has its chain restaurants in 60 other countries. the l_ mcdonalds restaurant is in beijing. china. it ha

22、s 1,000 workers. about 700 people can sit and eat there at one time.keys: visited, owners, beside, going, future, restaurant, largest. 5.millions and millions of years ago, the world was much w_ than it is now. there was never any winter or snow. warm rain fell on the land. even the sea was warm. in

23、 this warm world lived some beasts called dinosaurs. they were the kings of the world for a long time.in the days of the dinosaurs there were no human beings. so no man has ever seen a r_ dinosaur. but we found a lot about the dinosaurs after years of study. some dinosaurs lived near the water w_ so

24、me lived on land. some ate only plants and some ate other a_.after millions of years, something h_ to the dinosaurs. they began to die out at once. no one knows what happened. but we know that the world grew a little colder. maybe the dinosaurs could live when it was very warm, and they died out whe

25、n it became cold. but we are not sure. all we know is that the dinosaurs were the kings of the world for a long time. and no animals like them have ever been seen a_.keys: warmer, real, while, animals, happened, once, again.6.a woman saw three old men sitting in front of the house. she said. you mus

26、t be h_.come in and have something to eat.we do not go into a house together. they replied. why is that? asked the woman. one of the old men e_, his name is wealth, this is success, and i am love. then he went on to say. now go in and discuss with your husband which one of us you want in your home.t

27、hen the woman went in and told her husband what was said. her husband said. lets invite wealth! let him come and fill our home with wealth! his wife d_, my dear, why dont we invite success? then the daughter made a s_, would it be better to invite love? our home will then be filled with love! lets t

28、ake our daughters advice, said the father.love got up and started walking toward the house. the other two also got up and f_ him. surprised, the lady asked wealth and success, i only invite love. why are you coming in with him?the old men answered t_, if you had invited wealth or success, the other

29、two of us would have stayed out, s_ you invited love, there is also wealth and success!keys: hungry, explained, disagreed, suggestion, followed, together, since7.when you want to go s_, decide how much money you can s_ on new clothes. think about the kind of clothes you really need. then look for th

30、ose clothes on sale.there are labels(標(biāo)簽)inside all new clothes. the labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. the label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in w_ water. a sweater label may tell you to wash it in cold water the label on a coat may say dry clean only. if you do as the d_ say o

31、n the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. many clothes must be dry cleaned. dry cleaning is expensive. when buying new clothes, check to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. you will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.you can save money if you buy clothes that are

32、well made. well-made clothes l_ longer. they look good even after they have been washed many times. clothes that c_ more money are not always better made. they do not always fit better. sometimes l_ expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.keys: shopping, spend, warm, direct

33、ions, money, last, cost, less, 8.when albert einstein started to work in america, someone asked him what he needed. he said he needed a desk, some paper and pencils. he also asked for a big waste-paper basket to hold a_ of his mistakes. this meant that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can

34、 only learn by making m_. einstein regarded time as something very i_. he never wore socks and he thought p_ on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. he also thought it was a waste of time remembering things that could quickly be found in a b_. that is w_ he never remembered his ow

35、n phone number, which was in the phone book. he knew what was worth remembering. it is that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste our time.einstein liked to j_ too. once in an examination a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last years. einstein said

36、the questions were the same but the answers were d_keys: any, mistakes, important, putting, book, why, true, joke, different9.now satellites are to forecast the weather. they are in s_, and they can reach any part of the world. the satellites take the pictures of the atmosphere, because this is wher

37、e the weather forms. they send these pictures to the weather station. so the scientists there can see the weather of any part of the world and tell how the weather will c_. today, n_ 500 weather stations in 60 countries can receive satellite pictures. when they receive the new pictures, they compare

38、 them with the e_ ones. perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed d_ the last few hours. this may m_ that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. in their next weather forecast, they can tell people about it.so the weather satellites are of great h_ to the scientists at the station.

39、 in the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. now they can make good forecast for 3 or 5 days. soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or m_ ahead.keys: space, change, nearly, earlier, during, mean, help, more.10.most parents always think that they

40、 have offered the best things they can to make their children live in a c_ world. they buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but e_ school things, and a thousand-yuan-cost bike. they think that they have done e they can for their dear little children. in _, they only want their chil

41、dren to give them good results in the examinations.but their little children still cant understand them. why? does it m_ that they still want more material things? no! as a matter of fact, what they want is a true family. what does a true family mean? i think it means a place where we can hide o_ fr

42、om the outside cold world. from here, we can get warmth. we can get consolation(安慰), and we can get h_. and one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident in the outside world because we know that we have a family.keys: comfortable, expensive, everything, return, mean, ourselve

43、s, help, 11.in spain there once l _ a king and he was very fond of joke. i will give a bag full of gold. he said, to the person who can tell me the best story. there is only one r_, it must be a story which i can not believe. if i can believe it. then i wont give away the bag of gold.people came to

44、the king from all parts of the c_. they brought strange and w_ stories. the king sat in his palace and listen to all the stories. he e_ them very much, but to each person he said. i can believe that story. it could h_ and it may be true. so i wontgive you the bag of gold.at last a poor old man came

45、to the palace. he was carrying a huge stone jar. the old man went into the kings room and said. oh, king, your good father was once a poor man and my father was rich. they were very good friends. my father gave your father a large bag like this one.and it was full of gold. your father p_ to give bac

46、k the gold when he became rich. but he didnt give it back. now i am poor and you are rich. and i want the gold. the king didnt believe the story and he had to give the poor old man the bag of gold.keys: lived, joke, country, wonderful, enjoyed, happen, promised. 12dear smith,thank you very much for

47、your letter. i am glad that you enjoyed your h_ with me. we enjoyed having you and your sister here. we hope that you will b_ be able to come again next year. perhaps youll be able to s_ longer next time you come. a week is not really long e_, is it? if your school has five weeks holiday next year,

48、perhaps you will be able to stay with us for two or three weeks.we have been long b_ at school for three weeks. it feels like three months! i know that you are working very hard now that you are in grade one. i shall have to work hard next year when i am in grade one.tom and ann went for a picnic ye

49、sterday but i did not go with them b_ i cut my foot and i couldnt walk very well. they went to an island and enjoyed themselves there. do you still remember the island? that is where all five of us s_ the last day of our holiday.we send our best wishes to betty and you. we hope to see you soon.yours

50、 sincerely. michaelkeys: holiday, both, stay, enough, back, because, spent13.we know the mosquito very well. mosquitoes fly everywhere. they can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 k_ of them. no one 1_the mosquito. but the mosquito may decide what she loves. she? yes,

51、she. it is true that male mosquito doesnt bite and only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay e_. she is always looking for things or p_ she wants to bite. if she likes what she finds, she bites. but if she doesnt like your blood, she will turn to someone e_ for more delicious blo

52、od. next time a mosquito bites you just remember you are c_. you are different from the others.if the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body w_ letting you know. she bites you so quickly and q_ that you may not feel anything different.keys: kind, likes, eggs, people, else, chosen, without, quiet

53、ly14.my grandfather was a teacher. he was the headmaster of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. i know that he was a kind man when i was young (and he was old), he gave me presents, and sat me on his k_ and told me s_. but i believe the boys at his school were a_ of him. at

54、school, when he walked into a room full of naughty boys, they stopped t_ at once. when he looked at a boy with a certain look in his eyes, that boy was red in the face, and looked down at his s_. if a boy brought him p_ homework, my grandfather would pick up the boys book and throw it across the roo

55、m, shouting.do it again, and bring it back first thing in the morning! if the boy was late, or if he f_ to bring his work, he had to do it again, and again, and yet again.keys: knees, stories, afraid, talking, shoes, poor, forgot15.no one knows why we sleep, but it is certain that we need to. people

56、 who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days-they think l_ clearly, and they fall asleep d_ the working hours. there are no rules about sleep. generally speaking, grown-ups sleep about 7 and a half hours each night, and probably more than 60% get b_ seven and eight hours. but perhaps eight percent are quite happy with 5 hours or less, and four perce