基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的新型家庭安全報警系統(tǒng)英文翻譯

1、附錄b 翻譯原文a new household security robot system based on wireless sensor networkabstractan new environment monitoring system of household security robot is proposed based on wireless sensor networks, which is composed of the robot node and the sensor nodes for monitoring temperature and humidity, gas

2、leaking, fire and housebreaking in family. a robot centering on network topology structure is presented and realized. all of the sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the robot node, so the robot node usually undertakes the task to collect sensor data information, conserve the info

3、rmation, process the information, and also as the interface of the network with the other users. aim at hard work of the robot node, the paper presents an improved design of zigbee wireless sensor network. a set of design requirements are developed that cover the hardware design of intelligent senso

4、r nodes and robot node. at last we tested the improved zigbee wireless network and verification the effect. the results show that the monitoring system has strong anti-jamming ability and can work well with the robot self-moving and monitoring.keywords-robot;environment monitoring system;wireless se

5、nsor network;zigbee;household security.i.introduction with the fast development of wireless network technology and robot technology, the robot began to enter the home as a household security robot 1. researching and developing the robot with security alarm and environmental monitor is important in t

6、he current research field of a robot. in the past family environment monitoring system, single type of sensors, usually by the way of cable transmission, was used. wireless network, as a multi-subject, a new type of high technology, is widely used in environmental monitoring, disaster recovery, mili

7、tary, medical, industrial control, and other fields 2. wireless sensor network (wsn) is a wireless mobile network with the characteristic of self-organizing and self-adaptive, and fully capable of self-configuration for network.zigbee3 is a communication standard intended to develop a wireless commu

8、nication standard at low-cost, very-low power consumption in complement to ieee 802.15.4-2003 standard4.zigbee wireless network, with the characteristic of the self-organizing and robust, solves many problems such as single function of previous monitoring system, complex installation, poor mobility,

9、 and the no-robust system 5.based on zigbee wireless network, an environmental monitoring system of household security robot is introduced,which is used for monitoring temperature and humidity, gas leaking, fire and housebreaking in family.the remainder of this paper is organized as follows: in sect

10、ion ii we will introduce the overview framework of the improved zigbee monitoring system. in section iii, present the hardware of the system, in section iv we give software design of the system, and in section v, we give the analysis and test for this improved system. finally, give some conclusions.

11、ii.structure of the monitoring system in this paper, the monitoring system is constructed based on this thinking, which is composed of a node of the robot and some nodes of wireless sensors as shown in fig. 1.figure 1. schematic diagram of systemin this figure, the wireless sensor nodes are installe

12、d in different indoor rooms for the acquisition of indoor temperature, humidity, infrared, smoke, and gas information. gas nodes in the kitchen are used to detect gas and combustible gas leak; infrared nodes at the entrance of windows and doors have to detect unauthorized intrusion; nodes of tempera

13、ture and humidity in the bedrooms and the hall provide reference information for family and personal; smoke node is mainly used to monitor indoor smoke density, realize the family fire alarm by the information of temperature and humidity.the robot node is the central link of monitoring system, compo

14、sed of the arm host module, wireless sensor communications modules and other components, such as man-machine interface module and so on. wireless sensor communication module is not only responsible for communications between the wireless sensor nodes and the robot node, but also responsible for comm

15、unications between robot node and other family wireless zigbee sensor networks. the robot node sends the collection and the query command to the sensor nodes, analyses data from the sensors, judges alarm threshold, and sends messages to remote users. iii.hardware of the monitoring system hardware im

16、plementation of the monitoring system can be divided into two parts: one is the hardware design of sensor nodes which mainly complete environmental information collection, storage, simple processing and wireless communication; the other is the hardware design of the robot node which finishes computi

17、ng and processing information from the sensors, sends alarm messages and connects with external units.a. design of sensor network nodeszigbee sensor nodes are the basic unit for information collection. the sensors collect the signal from the environment and the original signal will be processed by t

18、he signal processing module. then the processed signal will be uploaded to the zigbee module. the zigbee module sends the information to the robot node. therefore, the node should have three kinds of capability: sensing capability, computing capability and wireless communication capability. the powe

19、r will be provided by two batteries and the voltage regulator module will assistance in power providing.the sensor nodes are usually used to realize information collection of the temperature and humidity sensor nodes, smoke sensor nodes, gas sensor nodes, and infrared detection sensor nodes. in the

20、course of the designing, we choose cc2430 as the zigbee protocol chips. the chip cc2430 as the core of the hardware, cc2430 integrated rf transceiver, cpu, and 128k flash memory, and very few external components required in the cc2430 typical application 6. it also includes a/d converter, some timer

21、s, aes128 coprocessor, watchdog timer, 32k crystal sleep mode timer, power on reset, brown out detection and 21 i/os. the rf transceiver, including a core chip and an antenna, supports ieee802.15.4 protocol.among the 21 i/0 ports, cc2430 p0 ports can be set to adc port. 21 i/o ports can be used as t

22、he spi ports, gpio and so on. these sensor nodes except the robot node have the same basic structure. these ports are assigned to the sensors and peripheral equipments.b. design of robot nodethe robot node is composed of control unit, arm920t, linux2.6 operating system software platform, various per

23、ipheral sensors (including distance, temperature, images, sound, and etc.), executor, wireless communication module, memory and man-machine interfaces, as shown in fig. 2.in this household security network, the robot node acts as the root node and gateway at the same time. the robot node is the gate

24、way that delivers commands received from a person to the base station and controls messages received from the base station. it can be located any place in the home.each node in the network can send and receive signals. communication between the robot node and all wireless sensor nodes is achieved by

25、 the use of wireless communication module. furthermore, the robot node, along with nodes of other family forms backbone network through routing function. figure 2. diagram of the robot nodeiv.software of the monitoring systema. routing protocolin respect to route, we have adopted a hybrid wireless r

26、outing protocol hwmp (hybrid wireless mesh protocol) program, which combines flexibly dynamic aodv routing protocol (ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing) with quasi-static tree routing protocol (tree based routing), to make the network well adapt to variable communication status in the wireless

27、 environment. the greatest feature of hwmp is its tree routing mechanism, which is very suitable for routing in the quasi-static routing topology. this is because the tree routing network in course of initialization has a grasp of the entire network topology, if there are data to be sent, they are t

28、ransmitted immediately in accordance with the routing table, greatly resulting in less data delay, which is very positive to a higher real-time business like voice transmission.b. software establishment of the monitoring systemsystem software includes: initialization, the agent table and tree routin

29、g table update, route forwarding, mac addressing mechanism, and tree routing protocol design.1)system initialization. the system is to complete the initialization of all nodes and address settings of robot node and sensor nodes and to set up the default tree routing table and agent table.2) routing

30、table and agent table update.the agent table records terminal mac addresses of the nodes followed. the routing table of a node records mac addresses of its father node and parent nodes.the functions of the agent table interface are to insert, delete, and search. on the receipt of the data packets fr

31、om parent nodes, the agent point adds the source address in the data packets and the address of the last jump respectively as a terminal mac address and the address of the agent point into the agent table. if the address in the agent table already exists, it updates its living time. each address in

32、routing table must identify its node type, that is, a father node or a parent node. all sensor nodes, except the root node (robot node), have a father node and several parent nodes. there is a time value in every item of the agent table and the routing table, and they will be automatically deleted a

33、fter overtime.3)mechanism of route forwarding and mac addressing. by the combination of routing table and the agent table, data can be transmitted and addressed, the header of only four mac address (last jump address, next jump address, terminal address, source address) is a key issue. the agent tab

34、le records the associated terminal address. 4)tree routing protocol design. tree routing flow chart is shown in fig. 3. figure 3. tree routing flow chartall of the nodes are involved in the tree topology, which will set up spontaneously after the initialization. the process is as follows: first, the

35、 robot node is selected as the root, which initiates the process of creating the tree topology. the tree routing table is updated at a certain period. in the first process, each point establishes its own tree routing table according to the information received. each node maintains the tree routing t

36、able of its own node, which contains its parent node address and the father node address. in following process, each node maintains the topology according to the received information, for example, deletes invalid nodes, and adds new nodes. the root node, as a special node, maintains routing of each

37、node in the network.v.experimental results a.verification of system performance in the family security robot experimental verification platform we verify and test the performance of various components of the environmental monitoring system.the packet delivery ratio (pdr) for this simulation is shown

38、 in fig.4. figure 4. packet delivery ratiothe result shows that the 25-node configuration can achieve a pdr of approximately 90% of the entire simulation. the 50-node configuration does not perform as well possibly due to more collisions that occur. fig. 5 shows the results for the average end-to-en

39、d delay.figure 5. average end-to-end delayin general, the network latency for the two configurations is below 0.2 seconds after the 5000sec simulations. the above findings have indicated the node density influence the performance of ieee802.15.4, 25-node configuration is more suitable for this barn

40、than 50-node.another major issue in zigbee is energy usage. the zigbee technology is designed to work with very low power consumption and the devices are assumed to be working with two aa/aaa batteries for anywhere between 6 months to 2 years.b. zigbee node moduleas shown in fig. 6, zigbee node modu

41、le that we developed as hardware platform is used to carry out the sensor node protocol algorithm in this paper.figure 6. zigbee node module.vi.conclusionin the system, the transmission range of the terminal nodes is 70 meters. this distance can not satisfy the requirements of family. in order to ex

42、tend the communication distance, we increase 10 relay routes in the system. by using the zigbee solution, the user can operate several spots in the control center simultaneously. this will provide more accurate and reliable temperature and humidity data to the user. in this system, the communication

43、 is based on wireless network which neednt the wiring work and the presence of the operator. additionally, the nodes are lower-power devices; they can work continually for several months or even one year.based on zigbee sensor wireless network, an environmental monitoring system of the family securi

44、ty robot is achieved. wireless sensor nodes are free to join and quit, control and monitor for convenience. these advantages greatly improve the monitoring capacity and enhance the systems robustness. the family robots, as new electronic products for consumer will come into the peoples lives. wirele

45、ss sensor network is the current focus of the industrial field. however, as a new technology, if we really want to bring to mankind a technological revolution, there are still many problems to be solved, such as, how to design low-power, highly reliable, intelligent zigbee sensor node and how to ach

46、ieve network security, and etc.【author】 chao lv1,hui li1,jianfeng ma1,meng zhao2 1 key laboratory of computer networks and information security,xidian university,xian 710071,china 2 department of computer science and technology,yanshan university,qinhuangdao 066004,china附錄c 翻譯中文基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的新型家庭安全報警系統(tǒng)摘

47、要一個新的基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的家用安全環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，由機器人的節(jié)點和傳感器節(jié)點監(jiān)測溫度和濕度，氣體泄漏，火災(zāi)和在家庭入室防盜等傳感器組成。提出并實現(xiàn)了一個以網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)為核心的機器人。所有傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點的信息都將被發(fā)送到機器人節(jié)點，所以通常承擔的任務(wù)是收集傳感器數(shù)據(jù)信息，保護信息，處理信息，同是也做為與其他用戶的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口。在主要工作目標上，我們提出了一種改進的zigbee無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為機器人節(jié)點。開發(fā)一套包括智能傳感器節(jié)點和機器人節(jié)點的硬件設(shè)備。最后，我們測試了改進的zigbee無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的效果。結(jié)果表明，該監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)具有較強的抗干擾能力，機器人在自我移動和監(jiān)測下也工作的很好。關(guān)鍵詞：機器人;

48、環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng);無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)；zigbee；家庭安全。一.引言隨著無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和機器人技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，機器人也作為一個家庭安全系統(tǒng)開始進入家庭1。安全報警和環(huán)境監(jiān)測在當前機器人研究領(lǐng)域的研究和開發(fā)上是非常重要的。在過去的家庭環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中，單一類型的傳感器，通常使用電纜傳輸方式。而無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，作為一個多學(xué)科，新類型的高科技，他被廣泛用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測，災(zāi)難恢復(fù)，軍事，醫(yī)療，工業(yè)控制，以及其他領(lǐng)域2。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（wsn）是一種具有自組織和自適應(yīng)特點的無線移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)，完全有能力為網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行自配置。zigbee3是一個通信標準，其目的是用來對低成本，低功耗的無線通信ieee802.15.4-2003標準4進

49、行補充。zigbee無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有自我組織和穩(wěn)定的特點，解決了許多問題，如以往監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的功能單一，安裝復(fù)雜，流動性差，系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定5等?；趜igbee無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，家用環(huán)境監(jiān)測保安機器人系統(tǒng)被廣泛用于監(jiān)測溫度和濕度，氣體泄漏，火災(zāi)和家庭入室行竊中。本文的其余部分安排如下：在第二節(jié)中，我們將介紹改進的zigbee監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的基本框架。在第三節(jié)中，介紹了系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng)，在第四節(jié)中，我們介紹軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方式，并在第五部分中，我們對改進的系統(tǒng)進行分析和測試。最后，我們對此系統(tǒng)進行總結(jié)。二.監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)在本文中，使用一個機器人的無線傳感器和一些節(jié)點來構(gòu)建監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)就是基于這一思想。如圖1所示： 圖一 系統(tǒng)示意

50、圖在上圖中，無線傳感器節(jié)點被安裝在不同的房間對室內(nèi)溫度，濕度，紅外，煙，氣的信息進行采集。在廚房里的煤氣節(jié)點用來檢測氣體和可燃氣體泄漏，在門窗入口的紅外節(jié)點檢測未經(jīng)授權(quán)的入侵，在臥室和大廳的溫度和濕度的節(jié)點為家庭和個人提供參考信息，;煙節(jié)點主要用于監(jiān)測室內(nèi)煙的密度，實現(xiàn)基于溫度和濕度信息的家庭火災(zāi)報警。機器人節(jié)點是整個監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的中心環(huán)節(jié)，主機由arm模塊，無線傳感器通信模塊和其他模塊組件，如人機接口模塊等。無線傳感器通信模塊不僅負責(zé)無線傳感器節(jié)點和機器人節(jié)點之間的通信，還負責(zé)機器人節(jié)點和其他家庭無線zigbee傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的通信。機器人節(jié)點發(fā)送到傳感器節(jié)點收集和查詢命令，分析從傳感器，報警器

51、所給的數(shù)據(jù)，并將信息發(fā)送到遠程用戶。三.監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的硬件實施硬件監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)可以分為兩個部分：一部分是傳感器節(jié)點完成主要環(huán)境信息的收集，儲存，簡單加工和無線通信的硬件設(shè)計，另一部分是完成計算和機器人節(jié)點對來自傳感器信息的處理，發(fā)送報警信息，和與外部單位的連接。a. 傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點的設(shè)計zigbee傳感器節(jié)點是信息采集的基本單位。傳感器收集環(huán)境信號和原始信號，將信號交給處理模塊處理。然后將處理后的信號上傳到zigbee模塊。 zigbee模塊將信息發(fā)送到機器人節(jié)點。因此，該節(jié)點應(yīng)該有三種能力：感知能力，計算能力和無線通信能力。系統(tǒng)由兩節(jié)電池和穩(wěn)壓器模塊來提供電力。傳感器節(jié)點通常使用溫度，濕度，煙霧，氣

52、體，紅外探測傳感器節(jié)點來實現(xiàn)信息采集。在設(shè)計過程中，我們選擇cc2430 作為zigbee的芯片。作為硬件的cpu，cc2430集成rf收發(fā)器和128k的內(nèi)存，并在cc2430的典型應(yīng)用6中需要很少的外部元件的核心芯片。它還包括a/d轉(zhuǎn)換，定時器，aes128協(xié)同處理器，看門狗定時器，32k晶振的休眠模式定時器，電源上電復(fù)位，欠壓檢測和21個i / o。rf收發(fā)器包括核心芯片和天線，并且支持ieee802.15.4協(xié)議。在cc2430的21個i/0端口中，p0端口可以設(shè)置為adc端口。這21個i/o端口，可作為spi端口，gpio等等。除了這些機器人節(jié)點，傳感器節(jié)點也具有相同的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。這些端口被分配到傳感器和外圍設(shè)備。b. 機器人節(jié)點設(shè)計機器人節(jié)點組成的控制單元包括：arm920t內(nèi)核，linux2.6內(nèi)核的操作平臺，各種傳感器（包括距離，溫度，圖像，聲音等），執(zhí)行者，無線通信模塊，存儲器和人機界面，如圖2。圖2 機器人節(jié)點圖在這個家庭安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，機器人節(jié)點同時作為根節(jié)點和網(wǎng)關(guān)。作為機器人節(jié)點網(wǎng)關(guān)，它從基站接受人的命令并且對從基站接收的消息進行控制。它可以設(shè)在家里的任何地方。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的每個節(jié)點都可以發(fā)送和接收信號。機器人節(jié)點和所有無線傳感器節(jié)點之間的通信都是通過無線通信模塊來進行傳輸。此外，機器人節(jié)點與其他家庭的節(jié)點通過路由功能，形成骨干