2021屆上海市各高中學(xué)校高三英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)匯編--閱讀理解C篇(帶答案精確校對(duì))

1、2021屆上海市各高中學(xué)校高三英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)匯編-閱讀理解C篇(帶答案精確校對(duì))Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the

2、passage you have just read.(C)Every few years, theres a hot new management strategy that promises to make employees happier, healthier and more productive. To that end weve seen the rise of positions like chie f happiness officer as well as workplace dogs and on-site meditation. But while the employ

3、ers may have improved the office itself, they have not solved the stress itself: the crushing tide of emails and IMs, whichthanks to the rise of smartphones-can pull us back to work, anytime, anywhere.Now, in an effort to prevent burnout, a growing number of employers have started to suggest ways in

4、 which employees should unplug their connected devices. The automaker, V olkswagens, in collaboration with its union, sets its serves to stop mobile email service for some works from 30mnutes after quitting time until 30 minutes before starting time.These measures may sound dramatic and possibly imp

5、ractical, but there is a data to suggest they are needed. A recent research suggested that limiting the number of times a day that we check email or work-chat servicesfrom say 10 or 20 to three or four can not only reduce stress levels but also increase the overall productivity.But in order for any

6、solution to succeed, works have to be willing to regulate their own habits. And that is especially tough in a country in the U.S, where being superbusy, or at least appearing to be superbusy, is a point of pride. Even if more U.S employers were to implement the kinds of limits that Volkswagen do, ex

7、perts are skeptical that theyd work. If the social norm is to be on the time, you dont want to be the odd one out, says Angela Leaney, a New Jersey based marketing consultant, adding that some bosses will think less of employees for not answering emails after work hours, even if they say they wont.M

8、oreover, dictating when and how employees should use their connected devices will inevitably hamper many workers. There are plenty of people who do their best work at 3 a.m. In fact, a majority of working adults say that being able to check work email at home makes it easier to get more done; many a

9、lso said it improved their relationships with their colleagues.For now, it seems, the best way for employers to foster a fulfilled, productive workforce is tobe flexible , both inside and outside the office. One example, although Andy Monfried, the CEO and founder of Lotame, a New York-based data ma

10、nagement company, say those kinds of time limits wouldnt work for his busin essits too global he does give his employees flexibility on when and where they can work. Hes also vigilant about burnout. I vowed that I would not crest company where people had the Sunday-night bluesthe kind where you go t

11、o bed sick to your stomach, he says. I tell people if thats happening repeatedly, its a sign of work-life imbalance and they should come talk to me.63. From stopping employees getting exhausted, employers have tried to _A. promise to make their staff happier and more productiveB. allow pet dogs in t

12、he officeC. encourage meditation in the work placeD. suggest ways to disconnect their mobile devices64. Which of the following statements is true according to the article?A. employers will find ways to regulate worke rs working habit.B.U.S experts cast doubt on the feasibility of limiting connected

13、time.C.U.S employers wont think of contacting employees after work.D. V olkswagens policies will also apply to U.S. companies.65. The underlined word hamper is closet in meaning to _A. facilitateB. handicapC. relieveD. toughen66. Which of the following can be inferred from the article?A. There seems

14、 to be no right way to unplug from workB. Flexibility on when and where to work is the best way to avoid burnoutC. Employees applaud the way to cue down their connected time.D. Impractical as the measures sound, they will work well for employers.Keys: 63-66 D B B .ASection BDirections：Read the follo

15、wing three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)What was the best gift I ever received? Well

16、, Im a music lover, so Id have to say it was either a Spotify subscription or my top-of-the-range Sony MDR-7506 headphones. Together theyve provided me with countless hours of high-quality audio accompaniment. Growing up in a loving, well-off family in one of the richest countries in the world, what

17、 more could I want?Giving gifts to loved ones is great: its a rewarding way to spread joy and strengthen friendships and family ties. But at this time of year Im always reminded of how many people not only get no presents but also lack the basics to allow them to live healthy lives. For me, luxury h

18、eadphones were the perfect gift; for the worlds poorest, it would be nutritious food, clean water and health care.The poorest 10% of the worlds population, some 700 million people, live on less than $1.90 per day. And thats adjusting for local purchasing power: they live on what $1.90 would buy in t

19、he U.S. Faced with this kind of budget, and often geographically isolated, they are forced to eat whatever they can find and drink and wash in unsafe water. They can only pray that they dont succumb to malnutrition, malaria or any number of other diseases that, while perfectly curable in rich countr

20、ies, frequently ruin or end lives in the developing world.I dont seek to make anyone feel guilty for exchanging luxury goods with the people they love. But it seems to me that theres another type of giving that is, if anything, even more profound: giving the basics of life to those most in need. Sur

21、e, you might not get a thank-you letter(who does these days?), but youll have done something extraordinary.However, Im not just interested in people giving more to charity(although that is important). Im also passionate about people giving smarter, because where you give can make a huge difference o

22、n the impact youll have.What do I mean by that? Well, to start with, theres a reason Ive been talking about the developing world. Even average earners in the West are incredibly rich compared with the global poor, so a sum of money considered moderate for some could make a huge difference in the poo

23、rest countries.Thats not to say that all developing world poverty-relief charities ate good at making a differencethats certainly not the case. Plenty of money donated in good faith is lost to localcorruption, poor administration or programs of intervention that sound great in theory but dont achiev

24、e much in practice. As a result, its crucial to look at the effectiveness of the work a charity does before committing your money. How much good does it achieve for each dollar donated? Is there robust evidence for the impact of its programs?Its not always easy for people to find the answers, but th

25、ey are vital questions to ask. Thats why there are now organizations devoted to finding and promoting the best charities. As part of the effective-altruism(利他主義) movements, they are dedicated to helping people make the biggest possible difference with their donations.I love my music, and I love my h

26、eadphones. But this year, the best gift I could get is to see as many people as possible giving generously to the most effective charities in the world.63. What does the phrase “succumb to”(paragraph 3, line 5)mean?A. be unaffected byB. cease opposition toC. be unconnected withD. help to cause64. Wh

27、ich of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The author thinks that people giving luxury gifts to the ones they love should feel guilty.B. The author believes that there is nothing more he wants because he grows up in very richfamily.C. The author argues that compared with tho

28、se poor, an ordinary worker in the West doesntearn much.D. The author says that some diseases which might be deadly in poor countries can be cured indeveloped countries.65. Which of the following statements can you possibly infer from the passage?A. People used to receive a letter of compliment from

29、 the receiver after they donated money tocharities.B. Giving smarter means that those who donate should know clearly how the charity works withthe government.C. Some charity programs fail to achieve much and seem to be less effective because they arenot very practical.D. The organizations devoted to

30、 finding the best charities aim to appeal to people to donatemore money.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Giving the basics of life to those in needB. Giving best gifts to your beloved onesC. Making the best gift countD. The effective-altruism movementKeys: 63-66 DDCCSec

31、tion BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A recent case

32、 in Australia shows how easily fear can frustrate an informants good intentions. In December, a woman wrote anonymously to the countrys antitrust watchdog, the ACCC, alleging that her employer was colluding with others in breach of the Trade Practices Act. Her evidence was sufficient to suggest to t

33、he ACCC that fines of 10 million dollars could be imposed on a large company. But the agency needed more details. So just before Christmas it advertised extensively to try and persuade the woman to come forward again. Some days later her husband rang the ACCC, but he hung up before disclosing vital

34、information. Now the agency is trying to contact the couple again.In America, there is some evidence that the events of September 11th have made people more public-spirited and more inclined to blow the whistle. The Government Accountability Project, a Washington-based group, received 27 reproaches

35、from potential informants in the three months before September 11th, and 66 in the three months after. Many of these complaints were about security issues. They included a Federal Aviation Administration employee who claimed that the agency had repeatedly failed to respond to known cases of security

36、 violations at airports.Legislation to give greater protection to people who expose corporate or government misbehavior. externally (after having received no satisfaction internally) is being introduced in a number of countries. In America, it focuses on informants among federal employees. According

37、 to Billy Garde, a lawyer who was a member of BPs Alaska inquiry team, they have less rights than prisoners. A bill introduced last year by Senator Daniel Akaka to improve protection for them is currently stuck in congressional committees.In Britain, the Public Interest Disclosure Act came fully int

38、o force last year. Described by one American as the most far-reaching informant protection in the world, it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interest. This separates them from people who are merely pursuing a personal grievance. But even in Britain, the protection is limited. Rupe

39、rt Walker, a fund manager, was fired by Govett Investments in September 2001 for expressing concerns in the Financial Times about a group of people of investment trusts that invest in each other.63. What does the author most probably think about what the ACCC did to the woman?A. InconsistentB. Dishe

40、arteningC. UnreasonableD. Bureaucratic64. It can be inferred that the Federal Aviation Administration employee_.A. had repeatedly complained to his employerB. did not get any response from his employerC. was concerned about public securityD. because brave after the 9.11 disaster65. According to the

41、third paragraph, informants among the American federal employees_.A. disclose misbehavior externally when they are disappointed internally.B. get more protection than people who disclose the misbehavior externally.C. have less rights than prisoners.D. get as much protection as before.66. Britains pr

42、otection to informants is not perfect in that_.A. the Public Interest Disclosure Act came fully into force only last year.B. it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interest.C. informants are threatened with the possibility of losing their jobs.D. informants are considered as merely p

43、ursuing a personal complaint.Keys: 63-66 BCDCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given i

44、n the passage you have just read.(C)These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house, what the gre

45、at hallwas t o the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the countrys film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over

46、one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a major kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000, even a minor improvement cost on average $18,000.Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson &Cornish, a B

47、ritish manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style. one which would cost 145,000-155,000excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it :You wont see this kitchen anywhere else in the word.The elevation of the room that once

48、belonged only to the servants for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens

49、 were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a natter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Cathar

50、ine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American humans Home、published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to use hold management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a womans work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be tra

51、ced back to another American, Chris Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, House-Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a wifes daily routine. She borrowed the Principle of efficiency on the factory floor and a

52、pplied mystic tasks on the kitchen floor.Fredericks central idea, that stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely. Inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920sby Mangarete Schutter Libotsky. It was a modernist triumph, an

53、d many elements remain central features of todays kitchen.62. What does the author say about the kitchen of today？A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B. It is where the family entertains important guests.C. It has become something odd in a modern house.D. It is regarded as the cen

54、ter of a modern home.63.Why does the Georgian-style. kitchen sell at a very high price？A. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B. No duplicate is to be found in any other place.C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.D. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.64.What

55、 does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect？A. Improved living conditions.B. Technological progress.C. Womens elevated status.D. Social change.65.What was the Beecher sisters idea of a kitchen？A. A place where women could work more efficiently.B. A place where high technology could be appl

56、ied.C. A place of interest to the educated people.D. A place to experiment with new ideas.66.What do we learn about todays kitchen？A. It represents the rapid technological advance in peoples daily life.B. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.C. It has been transforme

57、d beyond recognition.D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.Keys: 62-66 DBDABSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits be

58、st according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Increasingly, over the past few decades, people especially young people, have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat，particularly processed food, is not good for health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in fanning today.Natural foods, for example, a