介詞的翻譯教材[文字可編輯]

1、介詞的翻譯,翻譯技巧,1,省譯法,2,增譯法,3,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,4,反譯法,5,介詞固定詞組的翻譯,省譯法,英語的介詞搭配能力很強(qiáng),其含義與用法錯,綜多變,與漢語有很大區(qū)別,在譯成漢語時應(yīng),遵循漢詞習(xí)慣,英語介詞的優(yōu)勢,英語,形合,漢語,意合,1,省譯,1.1. on,在某一方面或某一具體事物,By,時間界限或動作的執(zhí)行者,而句子又能譯成主動句,With,伴隨狀態(tài),For,目的,In,某一方面或處于某種狀態(tài),At,速度,Over,范圍時,例子,Some authorities are experimenting,on,the computers,based on monitoring system

2、s,一些權(quán)威人士正在試驗監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的計算機(jī),on,表示在某,一方面,省譯,Developers in the US have started work,on,a 100hp,7416kw) motor and hope to have it running,by,the end of,next year,美國的研究人員已經(jīng)開始研制一種,100,馬力,7416,千瓦,的發(fā),動機(jī),并希望明年年底讓它運行使用,on,表示某一具體事,物,by,表示時限,省譯,Heat and light are given,off by,the chemical reaction,這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)能發(fā)出熱和光,by,表示動

3、作執(zhí)行者,句子可以,譯成主動句,因而,by,省譯,She fell into deep thought,with,so many people around her,她沉思起來,周圍有許多人,with,表示伴隨狀態(tài),省譯,There is a need,for,improvement in our work,我們的工作需要改進(jìn),for,表示目的,省譯,Iron and steel are used,in,industry,工業(yè)需要鋼鐵,in,說明在某一方面,省譯,Below 4,water is,in,continuous expansion instead of,continuous con

4、traction,水在,4,度以下就不斷地膨脹,而不是不斷收縮,in,說明在某一,狀態(tài),省譯,1.2 of,介詞,of,在下列情況,1)of,前面有,a lot (of), a number (of), an amount (of), a large,quantities (of,等,說明量的詞組,2)of,前面有,a kind (of), a sort (of), a type (of,等說,明種類的,詞,3)of,短語,做定語,同時可以譯成主謂詞組或動賓詞組,常常省譯,例子,A large number of advances,have also been made in,other fi

5、elds,其它領(lǐng)域也有了許多進(jìn)展,Nevertheless,this type of cell,is still under development,無論如何,這種電池還在研制中,of,省譯,因為前面有,this,type,The nuclear reactions give the sun its constant,supply of,energy,太陽中核反應(yīng)不斷向太陽提供能量,of,不譯,說明動賓關(guān),系,The,expense of this project,is not a small sum,項目費用不是個小數(shù)目,of,不譯,說明主謂關(guān)系,1.3,有的介詞在英語中是不可或缺的,但是譯

6、,成漢語時則不必譯出,并能完整地說明原文,的含義。例如,大部分說明,時間和地點,的英,語介詞,在翻譯時可以省略,Much progress has been made,in,electrical engineering,in,less than a,century,不到一個世紀(jì),電氣工程就取得了很,大進(jìn)展,in,說明時間、省譯,1.4,介詞后面是,反身代詞或人稱代詞,而且它們與主語,人稱一致時,常常省略介詞,The machine will stop,by itself,機(jī)器會自動停下,by,不譯,The corporation has developed,on its own,這家,公司獨自

7、發(fā)展起來,on,不譯,總之,介詞的省譯是以譯文言簡意賅,通順流暢為前,提的,如果不能完整說明英文原文內(nèi)容,則不能省譯,2,增譯法,2.1,翻譯介詞時增加適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,把隱含的意義,充分表達(dá)出來,使其,搭配,恰當(dāng),The directions are about an auto,control,system,說明是關(guān)于自動化系統(tǒng),方面,的,增加“方,面”二字,使句子通曉易懂,2.2,英語結(jié)構(gòu)中允許的省略,需要在翻譯時適當(dāng)予以補(bǔ)出,使,句子符合漢語習(xí)慣,譯文清晰、準(zhǔn)確,The computer can read,in and out,information in less than,a second,

8、這臺計算機(jī)能在不到一秒鐘的時間里,輸入和輸出,數(shù)據(jù),補(bǔ),出第二個“輸”字,2.3,由于,漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣或修辭,的需要,有時要在做,定語的介,詞短詞前面加譯一個動詞,使譯文更加生動完整,They changed several instruments in the system,他們更換了,安裝,在此系統(tǒng)中的幾個儀器,增加了,安裝,這一動詞,The safety door,to,the outside was locked,通向,外面的安全門那時是鎖著的,增加了動詞“通向,3,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,3.1,在英語句子中,不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作時常用介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)表,達(dá)同一概念。這種介詞譯成漢語時可以,譯成動詞,For

9、a conventional motor, even,with,a 95% efficiency, 80,kw would be lost as heat,一臺傳統(tǒng)的電動機(jī),即使效率達(dá),95,它也將以熱能的形式損,失,80,千瓦的電能,with,與,even,在一起表示讓步,譯成“即,使,達(dá)到,Metals,with,which people make machines were,discovered long ago,很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)了人們用來制造機(jī)器的金屬,with,表示方式,譯,成“用來,3.2,有些介詞譯成漢語時轉(zhuǎn)換成,形容詞或,副詞,尤其是一些表示程度和范圍的介詞,例如,about, ov

10、er, through,等介詞,About,1cm,3,of gas needs to react to,produce a current of 1A for one second,需要一立方厘米左右的煤氣參與反應(yīng)生產(chǎn),每秒一安培的電流,about,譯成形容詞“左,右的,3.3,介詞,with,表示原因,狀態(tài)時常常譯成漢語的,連詞,I can hardly do any work,with,all my reference,books taken away,我干不了工作，因為我的參考書全被人拿走了,with,譯成連詞“因為,I cant concentrate on my work,with

11、,so many,machines making so much noise,由于機(jī)器噪音太大,我的精力難以集中在工作上,with,譯成連詞“由于,4,反譯法,與動詞搭配使用的,against, from,等介詞短語做表語,besides,but, except,等表示“除了”之意的介詞,off, until,表示時間,范圍的介詞,above ,beyond,表示品質(zhì),行為、能力等“超,出,之外”的介詞,在翻譯時,均可以從反面下筆,Stay,from,the bare wire, please,請不要靠近裸露的電線,A lighting rod protects high buildings,

12、against,lightening,避雷針使高層建筑不受雷擊,Keep it anywhere,but,the wet places,不要把它放到潮濕的,地方,5,介詞固定詞組的翻譯,介詞翻譯切忌望文生義,特別是組成習(xí)慣用語時,要,多加注意它們字面意義與實際意義。因此翻譯時,一旦沒有把握,就要多查找字典,找出其確切含義,This big project,is subject to,many factors such,as the man labour and money,這個大項目易受到諸如人力和資金等許多因素的,影響,How can the company,account for,the bad,quality of this product to the customers,這家公司能怎樣向顧客解釋這種劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品,呢,(account for,意為“解釋,原因,Pumps shall be dismantled,for,visual,examination of parts,for,damage following test,as and when required,by,the in