初中英語特殊句式歸納

1、特殊句式亠、概說 特殊句式包含倒裝、強調句型、反意疑問句等1、部分倒裝即將主語與助動詞倒置，其結構與一般疑問句大致相同。主要情形有：1.含否定意義的詞(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, not only, no sooner, no Ion ger, no where, by no mea ns 后用部分倒裝。如：英語中構成部分倒裝的few, not until,等)置于句首時，not,其/、Hardly had she beg un speak ing whe n there was a knock on the door.她岡開始說話就聽到了敲門聲。Litt

2、le do we know his life.我們對他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it.你絕不要告訴他這事。2. only加狀語(副詞/介詞短語/從句)放在句首時，其后用部分倒裝。如：Only in this way can you do it well.只有這樣你才能做好。Only whe n he retur ned home did he realize what had happe ned.當他回至 U家里時他才知道出了什么事。3. so (neither,nor)表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時，用“so (neith

3、er,nor) + 助動詞+主語”這樣的倒裝句式。如：He can si ng En glish songsand so can I.他會唱英語歌，我也會。He did ntsee the film, and neither did I.他沒有看這部電影，我也沒有看。She is very beautiful and so was her mother whe n she was young.她很漂亮，她媽媽年輕時也很漂亮。4. 當虛擬條件句含有were, should, had時，可省略if, 將were ? should, had置干句首。如：如果我是湯姆，我就會拒絕Were I Tom(

4、= If I were Tom), I would refuse.Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了這一點，我可能會采取某種行動。5. so. that結構中，將SO+ adj. (adv.)置于句首時，其后要用倒裝語序。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天氣太冷，我們只好待在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imag ine it

5、s speed.光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。二、完全倒裝即將謂語移到主語前。英語中構成完全倒裝的情形主要有：1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭的句子，且句子主語是名詞時，句子用完全倒裝。如：Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。Now comes your turn.現(xiàn)在該你了。Then came a new difficulty.然后又產(chǎn)生了一個新的困難。The door opened and in came Mr Li.門開了，李先生走了進來。注：若主語為代詞，則不用完全倒裝。如

6、：The door opened and in she came.門開了，她走了進來。6. 將表語和地點狀語 (多為介詞短語) 置于句首加以強調時， 其后通常用倒裝 語序。如：Among them was my frie nd Jim.他們當中就有我的朋友吉姆。Around the lake are some tall trees.湖的四周有些高樹。注：在表語置于句首的倒裝結中，要注意其中的謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后主語的數(shù)保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。四、it的基本用法it的基本用法包括：指事物，指動物或嬰兒，指上文提到的情況，指身份不明 的人，指時間、距離、環(huán)境、天氣等自然現(xiàn)象，籠統(tǒng)

7、地談論某情況等。如：Itsstill rai ning.還在下雨。Its two miles to the beach.到海邊有兩英里。It was very quiet in the cafe.咖啡館里很安靜。They got a baby and it was very lovely.他們生了個孩子，很可愛。Some one must have bee n here. But we have no idea who it was.一定有人來過。但我們不知道是誰。五、用作形式主語或形式賓語2. 形式主語：當不定式、動名詞、從句等用作主語時，為避免頭重腳輕，通常在句首使用形式主語it ，而把真

8、正的主語放在句子末尾。如：Did it take you such a long time to recite this short passage?你背誦這么一小段文章花了這么長時間？Its no use say ing any more about it.再談這事沒有用了。Its not kn ow n where she went.她到哪里去了沒人知道。3. 形式賓語：當不定式、動名詞、從句等用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補足語時， 就應在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至句末。如：I find it easy to get o n with her.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她很容易相處。I thi n

9、k it best that you should stay here.我認為你最好住這兒。They have nt made it known where they are to hold the conferen ce.他們還沒宣布會議在哪里召開。六、 幾種特殊用法的it1. enjo y, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等動詞后接 if從句或when從句通常應先在動詞后接it作形式賓語。如：She wont like it if you arrive late.她不喜歡你遲到。He hates it whe n people u

10、se his bike.他討慶別人用他的自行車。I hate it if you say such things in public. 我討慶你在大庭廣眾之下說那樣的事。Id prefer it if I did nt have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能幫助我做這件事，我會十分感激。2. 用于以下特殊句型中：It does nt matter (if).,沒關系It seems (appears) that (as if

11、).(看起來)似乎 ,It happe ns that.碰巧,Its. si nee.自,以來有多久了。七、強調句型7. 強調句的基本結構：It + be +被強調成分 + that(who),。如：It was in the office that he was arrested.他就是在這間辦公室被捕的。是孩子們打破窗戶的。但當強調時間和地點時，不能用It is the childre n who broke the win dow.注：當強調人時，可用who代替其中的that,when 禾口 where 代替 that 。8. 被強調的部分是主語時，注意句子的謂語動詞和被強調的主語保持一

12、致 如：It is he who is late .就是他遲到了。It is they that were late .是他們遲到了。八、祈使句4. 祈使句主要用于提出請求，發(fā)出邀請，給予指示、忠告或警告，也可用于發(fā) 出命令等。5. 祈使句的特點是：一般不出現(xiàn)主語(you)，但有時為了指明向誰發(fā)出請求或命令，也可以說出主語；謂語動詞一律用原形；否定式一律在動詞前面加dont如：Come this way, madam.這邊走，夫人。Dont lose the key.別把鑰匙丟了。Some one fetch a pail of water.誰去打一桶水來。九、感嘆句感嘆句的基本結構特點是：W

13、hat + a(n)+adj +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+ 動詞)！What + adj. +不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞！How + adj. (adv. )( + 主語 + 動詞)！How + adj. + a(n) +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+ 動詞)！如：What a lovely day it is!多好的天氣！What a good heart you have!你的心真好！What in teresti ng stories hes told us!他給我們講的故事真有趣！How clever the boy is!這男孩真聰明！How clever a boy he is!他這孩子真聰明！

14、十、反意疑問句反意疑問句的涉及面很廣，可能涉及的考點有：2. 若陳述部分含有 seldom, hardly, n ever, rarely, few, no thi ng, no where等否定詞或半否定詞，其反意疑問部分要用肯定式。如：Dick rarely got drunk, did he?迪克很少喝醉，是嗎？He seldom comes to see you, does he?他很少來看你，是嗎？但若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴的詞，反意疑問部分仍用否定式。如：It is unfair， isnt it?這不公平，不是嗎？It is impossible, is nt it?那是不可能的

15、，不是嗎？3. 若陳述部分的主語為somebody, some one, every one, everybody, no body,no one等復合不定代詞，其反意疑問部分的主語在正式文體中用he，在口語或非正式文體中通常用they。如：Nobody was hurt, were they?沒有一個人受傷，是嗎？當陳述部分的主語是someth ing, any thi ng, no thi ng, everyth ing等復合不定代詞時，其反意疑問部分的主語要用it o如：A WhatB What aC HowD What anNothi ng is importa nt, is it?

16、Everythi ng was going well, was nt it?9. 若陳述部分含有動詞 若表示“所有”，反意疑問部分可以用“玩”等意思，反意疑問部分要用 用助動詞do的形式，不過有時也可用He has a lot of mon ey, has nt does nt he?He does nt have any mon ey, does he?He has supper at five, does nt he?He ofte n has to get up early, does nt he?10. 若陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞，沒有什么重要的，是嗎？一切都很順利，不是嗎？have,則應

17、注意：若為助動詞，反意疑問部分也用have;have，也可以用do;若表示“吃”、do, 不能用 have; 若用于have to，則通常 have （尤其是表示特定行為時）。如：他有許多錢，不是嗎？他沒有錢，是嗎？ 他5點吃晚餐，是嗎？ 他經(jīng)常要早起，是嗎？則情況比較復雜：在通常情況下，當陳述部分含 must, 則反 時），也有情態(tài)動詞時，反意疑問部分會重復前面同樣的情態(tài)動詞；若含有 意疑問部分可能用must nt或need nt （表示“必須”或“有必要”可能根據(jù)must后的動詞形式來確定（當 must表示推測時）。如： The boy can read and write, cant h

18、e?這男孩會讀寫，是嗎？You must leave at o nee, must nt need nt you?你必須（有必要）馬上離開，是嗎？He must be tired, is nt he?他一定累了，是嗎？He must have read it, has nt did nt he?他一定讀過，是嗎？11. 若陳述部分為祈使句，則其反意疑問部分通常用will you, wont you,would you等，但若陳述部分為否定式，則反意疑問部分只用will you 。如:Try to be back by two, wont you?盡量兩點之前回來，好嗎？Dont forget

19、to post the letter, will you?別忘了寄信，好嗎？注：當祈使句為 Lets,時，反意疑問部分要用shall we，但是當祈使句為us.時，則要分兩種情況：即表示請求時，反意疑問部分用will you;建議時，反意疑問句用shall weLets phone her now, shall we? Let us know your address, will you?Let 表示Let us go swimming together, shall we?12. 若陳述部分為主從復合句， 部分為 I think （believe, suppose, etc. ） that,

20、 從句保持一致（注意否定的轉移）。如：She said that I did it, did nt she? I thi nk that he is wron g, is nt he? I dont suppose he will come, will he?如：我們現(xiàn)在就給她打電話，好嗎？請把你的地址告訴我們，好嗎？ 我們一起去游泳，好嗎？其反意疑問部分一般應與主句保持一致， 時，反意疑問部分通常與但陳述13. 幾種特殊情況的反意疑問句：若陳述部分是are nt I;若陳述部分是 I wish.m older tha n you, arent I? I wish to go with the

21、m, may I? 診斷測試她說是我干的，是嗎？ 我認為他錯了，是嗎（他錯了嗎） 我想他不會來了，是嗎？Im.，反意疑問句通常用，則反意疑問部分通常用may I。如：我年紀比你大，對不對？我想同他們一起去，可以嗎？()1. Look ! .A Here the bus comesC Comes here the bus ()2.B Here comes the busD The bus comes hereexpe nsive the trousers are!()3.Don forget to turn off the light whe n youleave.Don worry. I.A

22、don B won C can D haven ()4. My mother can hardly ride a bike , and.A so can my father B can my father eitherC my father can tooD n either can my father()5It sundy today丄et sgo and climb the hill, ?A won weB will you C don we D shall we()6Sorry , I mlate for the meeti ng .don matter this time . Plea

23、se come earlier next timeA thisB thatC ItD One()7wasimporta nt for Tom to pass the examA ItB HeC ThisD That()8great day October 1, 2009 was!A How a B What a C How D What()9You found your keys in the office , did nyou .No , It wasI found them .A in the classroom B in the classroom thatC in the classr

24、oom where D the classroom where()10 You ve dropped your mobile phon .please.A Pick up it B Pick it up C Take up itD Bring it up經(jīng)典真題()11 hear Ya ng Ya n made an En glish speech at the graduatio n cere mony yesterday ., and.A So she did ; so did I B So did she ; so I didC So she was ;so I was D So was

25、 she ; so I was() 2 -Two Evening Papers , please !Only one copy left . Would you like, sir?A one B it C this D that()3 Mary got good grades in school .excited she is !A What B What a C How D How a()4sleep too late . It bad for your health .A Do B Not C Don D Please not()5 E mail is very popular toda

26、y . People seldom write letters now ,?A did they B do theyC didn they D don they()6 Our hometow n is more beautiful tha n before ,-?A isn it B is it C doesn it D does it()7 -Milli ons of people know about Susa n now ,?, she becomes well-k nown because of her success on Brita in GotTale nt .A do they

27、 ; No B do they ; Yes C don they ; Yes D don they ; Yes8 Don forget to put the book back on the shelf ,?A do you B don you C will youD won you9 You haven been to Beijing , have you ?-. How I wish to go there 。A Yes , I have B No , I haven C Yes I haven D No , I have10 I don f think he can drive a car ,?A do you B can he C can f he D don f you11 It was at the bus stophe gave me the dictio nary yesterday.A that B what C which D whe n12 Mary s mother often tells her that she should keep her room tidy , butdonf help .A he B which C she D it13 -You won t leave the baby at home