中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)小結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)小結(jié)及練習(xí)一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：is / am / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞our classroom is cleaned everyday.2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞a new shop was built last year.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：has / have + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞this book has been translated into many languages.4. 過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) : had be

2、en + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞the dish had been eaten up when i got there.5.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：will+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞a new hospital will be built in our city.6.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞young trees must be watered often.7.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am / is / are + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞uncle wang is mending my bike now. my bike is being repa

3、ired by tom now.8. 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： to + be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞there are two books to be read. there are twenty more trees to be planted.二、怎樣把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)?把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：1.先找出謂語動(dòng)詞；2.再找出謂語動(dòng)詞后的賓語；3.把賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語；4.注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例： 1. bruce writes a letter every week. a letter is written by bruce every week.三

4、、使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。what will happen in 100 years.2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。this pen writes well. his novel sells well.3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to他的小說暢銷。的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to。例： make somebody do something 4. 如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， somebody+ be +made to do something直接賓語 ( 物 ) 作主語， 那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配

5、的動(dòng)詞決定he gave me a book. a book was given to me by him.5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。we can t laugh at him. he can t be laugh at by us.注意 :meat cuts easily.一 .以下不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：appear,die ,disappear,end, fail,happen, last,lie,remain,break out,take place.比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；rais

6、e, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。( 錯(cuò) ) the price has been risen.( 對) the price has risen.( 錯(cuò) ) the price has raised.( 對 ) the price has been e true,fallasleep,二、不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：fit, marry, own,wish, cost, agree with,arrive at / in,succeed in, happen to, takepart in,belong to三、系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：appear, be, become, f

7、all, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 1) it sounds good. 2) the steel feels cold 3) the method proved (to be) effective.四、帶同源賓語的及物動(dòng)詞(dream, live, life) ，反身代詞(oneself)，相互代詞(each other)，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)：she dreamed a bad dream last night.he lives ap五、當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)

8、。(對 ) she likes to swim.(錯(cuò) ) to swim is liked by her.六、 “be+過去分詞 ”并不一定都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，有時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng) “ be+過去分詞 ”表示動(dòng)作時(shí)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，be 是助動(dòng)詞， be 后面的過去分詞是主要?jiǎng)釉~，動(dòng)作的對象是主語；當(dāng) “be +過去分詞 ”表示主語所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，be 是連系動(dòng)詞。 be 后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by 引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如 :the glass is broken 玻璃杯碎了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）the glas

9、s was broken by the boy玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2. 如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：the magazine is published in shanghai這家雜志出版于上海。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）the door is locked 門鎖著。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）the door has already/just been locked門已經(jīng) / 剛剛被鎖上。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）the shop is opened這家商店開門了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）the shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday這家商店每天上午八點(diǎn)開門。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)七、用某些不

10、及物動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義，如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等。這類動(dòng)詞既能作及物動(dòng)詞，也能作不及物動(dòng)詞。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，形式上雖為主動(dòng)，卻表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：肉容易切。the car drove easily.這車很容易開。your pen writes quite smoothly.你的筆寫起來很滑。八、某些感覺動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：this shirt feels much softer than that one.這件襯衫比那件襯衫摸起來柔軟得多that bo

11、ok smells old.那本書有一股霉味。these oranges taste nice.這些橙子味道很好。以上這些動(dòng)詞都不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。若用進(jìn)行時(shí)，則表示主動(dòng)含義。比較： the child is smelling the paint.小孩正在聞?dòng)推岬臍馕?。九、?need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中，動(dòng)名詞 (doing)相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式 (to bedone) ，在意思上沒有多大差別。例如：the garden needs watering. the garden needs to be watered.花園需要澆水。the

12、 problem requires studying with great care.the problem requires to be studied with great care.這個(gè)問題需要仔細(xì)研究。these jobs want doing at once. these jobs want to be done at once.這些工作需要馬上就做。在某些性質(zhì)形容詞動(dòng)詞不定式的句型中，其動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。(difficult,easy, hard,comfortable,pleasant,fit,unfit,light, heavy, good, safe,dang

13、erous)例如：the question is easy to answer.that book is difficult to understand.這問題容易回答。那本書難懂。在這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和主語的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是一種邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可以說是動(dòng)詞不定式作主語變換來的，相當(dāng)于it s easy to answer the question.和 it s difficult to understand that book.由于把動(dòng)詞賓語放在主語位置，所以和不定式的關(guān)系構(gòu)成一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)揭秘 .被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法【考點(diǎn)】被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式是“be+及物動(dòng)詞(短語

14、)的過去分詞 ”，其中be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。(巧記：被動(dòng)語態(tài)be詞變，過去分詞跟后面)。其用法有以下幾種：不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰；突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；基于文章行文的需要。（巧記：誰做的動(dòng)作不重要，說出誰做的沒必要，動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，基于行文的需要，被動(dòng)語態(tài)需用到）?！究祭?1. more than two schoolsin the city next year. (2008 年，廣東汕頭)a. are builtb. were builtc. have builtd. will be built2. the watch i lost yesterday_ in th

15、e desk. (2008年，寧夏 )a. has foundb. foundc. has been foundd. is found【簡析】 1. d。 schools 與 build 存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語next year 可知選 d。 2. c。watch 與 find 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，語境表達(dá)的是 “找到了 ”的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，選 c。 . 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)【考點(diǎn)】含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be+及物動(dòng)詞 (短語 )的過去分詞 ”。 (巧記：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)， “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be+過分 ”需運(yùn)用。 )【考例】do you b

16、elieve there are aliens? i m afraid not. i don t think aliensin space. (2008 年，湖北黃岡 )a. can findb. can be foundc. can be foundedd. can t be found【簡析】答案b。 aliens 與 find 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，選b。同時(shí)應(yīng)注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移和found的含義。 . 短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)【考點(diǎn)】短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞?！究祭?nowadays the old shouldin our societ

17、y. (2008 年，甘肅蘭州)表示 “建立 ”a. be taken good careb. be taken good care ofc. be taken well cared. take good care of【簡析】b。通過題干和句意分析可知老人是“被照顧 ”，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除不可省略，故選b。d； take good care of 是固定短語，of . 主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義【考點(diǎn)】主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的情況有：1. open ， lock， read， sell，clean， wash， cut， burn ， drive 等動(dòng)詞在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的特點(diǎn)、特征或性質(zhì)時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表

18、達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，一般可以和well ， easily 等副詞連用；2. look ， sound， taste ，feel, smell 等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義；3. want/need/require +doing相當(dāng)于 want/need/require to be done，表不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)；4. be worth doing 中的 doing 表被動(dòng)意義?！究祭?1. do you like this shirt?yes. itvery soft. (2008 年，四川自貢)2. beef noodles in lanzhou taste the best in china and. (2008 年，甘肅蘭州)a. are sold wellb. sell wellc. sell goodd. are sold good【簡析】1. b。feel是系動(dòng)詞，用形容詞作表語，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。2. b。指某物賣得好不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除a， d； sell 是動(dòng)詞，要用副詞修飾，故選b。隨學(xué)隨練1. will you go to tom s birthday party, sally?perhaps not. i. (2008 年，山東威海 )a. wasn t invitedb. didn titein