2015年電大鋼結(jié)構(gòu)期末復(fù)習(xí)測試c及參考答案小抄

鋼結(jié)構(gòu)模擬測試（C）一、單項選擇題（將每題正確答案的序號填入括號內(nèi)，每小題2分，共計30分）1在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中，失效概率與可靠指標(biāo)的關(guān)系為（）。FPA越大，越大，結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性越差B越大，越小，結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性越差FPFPC越大，越小，結(jié)構(gòu)越可靠D越大,越大，結(jié)構(gòu)越可靠FF2鋼材的三項主要力學(xué)性能為（）。A抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服點、伸長率B抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服點、冷彎性能C抗拉強(qiáng)度、冷彎性能、伸長率D冷彎性能、屈服點、伸長率3鋼中硫和氧的含量超過限量時，會使鋼材（）。A變軟B熱脆C冷脆D變硬4鋼材在低溫下，沖擊韌性（）。A提高B降低C不變D不能確定5鋼材的疲勞破壞屬于（）破壞。A彈性B塑性C脆性D低周高應(yīng)變6摩擦型連接的高強(qiáng)度螺栓在桿軸方向受拉時，承載力（）。A與摩擦面的處理方法有關(guān)B與摩擦面的數(shù)量有關(guān)C與螺栓直徑有關(guān)D與螺栓的性能等級無關(guān)7高強(qiáng)度螺栓摩擦型連接與承壓型連接相比，（）。A承載力計算方法不同B施工方法相同C沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別D材料不同8在鋼梁底面設(shè)有吊桿，其拉力設(shè)計值為650KN（靜載），吊桿通過節(jié)點板將荷載傳給鋼梁，節(jié)點板采用雙面焊縫焊于梁下翼緣，10MM，160MPA，則每面焊縫長度為（）。FHWFA240MMB250MMC260MMD270MM9圖所示為高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接，在彎矩M的作用下，可以認(rèn)為中和軸在螺栓（）上。A1B2C3D410一寬度為、厚度為的鋼板上有一直徑為的孔，則鋼板的凈截面面積為（）。BT0DAB02NDBTT204NDABTTCD0NTT0NTT11A類截面的軸心壓桿穩(wěn)定系數(shù)值最高是由于（）。A截面是軋制截面B截面的剛度最大C初彎曲的影響最小D殘余應(yīng)力的影響最小12軸心受壓構(gòu)件發(fā)生彈性失穩(wěn)時，截面上的平均應(yīng)力（）。A低于鋼材抗拉強(qiáng)度B達(dá)到鋼材屈服強(qiáng)度UFYFC低于鋼材比例極限D(zhuǎn)低于鋼材屈服強(qiáng)度P13保證工字形截面梁受壓翼緣局部穩(wěn)定的方法是（）。A設(shè)置縱向加勁肋B設(shè)置橫向加勁肋C采用有效寬度D限制其寬厚比14梁的支撐加勁肋應(yīng)設(shè)置在（）。A彎曲應(yīng)力大的區(qū)段B剪應(yīng)力大的區(qū)段C上翼緣或下翼緣有固定作用力的部位D有吊車輪壓的部位15單軸對稱截面的壓彎構(gòu)件，一般宜使彎矩（）。A繞非對稱軸作用B繞對稱軸作用C繞任意軸作用D視情況繞對稱軸或非對稱軸作用二、判斷題（正確的劃“”，錯誤的劃“”每小題2分，共計30分）1正常使用極限狀態(tài)包括影響結(jié)構(gòu)、構(gòu)件和非結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件正常使用或外觀的變形，影響正常使用的振動，影響正常使用或耐久性能的局部損壞。（）2計算結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度，穩(wěn)定性以及連接的強(qiáng)度時，應(yīng)采用荷載設(shè)計值，而不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值。3試驗證明，鋼材的疲勞強(qiáng)度主要與構(gòu)造狀況、應(yīng)力幅和循環(huán)荷載重復(fù)次數(shù)有關(guān)，而與鋼材的強(qiáng)度關(guān)系更明顯。4承受動力荷載重復(fù)作用的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件及其連接，當(dāng)應(yīng)力變化的循環(huán)次數(shù)N次時，應(yīng)進(jìn)行疲勞驗4105算。5承壓型高強(qiáng)螺栓連接只依靠被連接板件間強(qiáng)大的摩擦阻力承受外力，以摩擦阻力被克服作為連接承載能力的極限狀態(tài)。6鋼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計規(guī)范規(guī)定角焊縫中的最小焊角尺寸，其中T為較厚焊件的厚度。15FHT7構(gòu)件上存在焊接殘余應(yīng)力會增大結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度。8螺栓排列分為并列和錯列兩種形式，其中錯列可以減小栓孔對截面的削弱，但螺栓排列松散，連接板尺寸較大。9設(shè)計軸心受力構(gòu)件時，軸心受壓構(gòu)件只需進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度和剛度計算。10軸心受壓構(gòu)件板件過薄，在壓力作用下，板件離開平面位置發(fā)生凸曲現(xiàn)象，稱為構(gòu)件喪失局部穩(wěn)定。11構(gòu)件的長細(xì)比是回轉(zhuǎn)半徑與計算長度之比。12梁的抗剪強(qiáng)度不滿足設(shè)計要求時，最有效的辦法是增大腹板的面積。13工字形截面簡支梁，當(dāng)受壓翼緣側(cè)向支承點間距離越小時，則梁的整體穩(wěn)定就越差。14偏心受壓柱鉸接柱腳只傳遞軸心壓力和剪力，剛接柱腳除傳遞軸心壓力和剪力外，還要傳遞彎矩。15框架的梁柱連接時，梁端采用剛接可以減小梁跨中的彎矩，但制作施工較復(fù)雜。三、簡答題（每小題8分，共計24分）1簡述鋼材塑性破壞和脆性破壞。2抗剪普通螺栓有哪幾種可能的破壞形式如何防止3設(shè)計拉彎和壓彎構(gòu)件時應(yīng)計算的內(nèi)容四、計算題（共計16分）如圖所示已知焊縫承受的斜向靜力荷載設(shè)計值KN，偏心E為20MM，角焊縫的焊腳尺寸150F6，實際長度，鋼材為Q235B，焊條為E43型（160N/MM2），取122。驗算圖所示M8FHM15LWFF直角角焊縫的強(qiáng)度。公式；SINNFENMFH70FWHL2NFEWL26MFEWHL；FFFCOSVFWVAWFFF2圖1EFL試題答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（供參考）一、單項選擇題（將每題正確答案的序號填入括號內(nèi)，每題2分，共計30分）1B2A3B4B5C6C7A8C9C10D11D12C13D14C15A二、判斷題（正確的劃“”，錯誤的劃“”每小題2分，共計30分）1（）2（）3（）4（）5（）6（）7（）8（）9（）10（）11（）12（）13（）14（）15（）三、簡答題（每題8分，共計24分）以下是各個簡答題的要點，可根據(jù)具體情況酌情給分1簡述鋼材塑性破壞和脆性破壞。答塑性破壞是由于變形過大，超過了材料或構(gòu)件可能的應(yīng)變能力而產(chǎn)生的，而且僅在構(gòu)件的應(yīng)力達(dá)到鋼材的抗拉強(qiáng)度后才發(fā)生，破壞前構(gòu)件產(chǎn)生較大的塑性變形；脆性破壞前塑性變形很小，甚至沒有塑性變形，計算應(yīng)力UF可能小于鋼材的屈服點，斷裂從應(yīng)力集中處開始。YF2抗剪普通螺栓有哪幾種可能的破壞形式如何防止答螺栓抗剪連接達(dá)到極限承載力時，可能的破壞形式有四種形式栓桿被剪斷；螺栓承壓破壞；板件凈截面被拉斷；端板被栓桿沖剪破壞。第種破壞形式采用構(gòu)件強(qiáng)度驗算保證；第種破壞形式由螺栓端距2D0保證。第、種破壞形式通過螺栓計算保證。3設(shè)計拉彎和壓彎構(gòu)件時應(yīng)計算的內(nèi)容答拉彎構(gòu)件需要計算強(qiáng)度和剛度（限制長細(xì)比）；壓彎構(gòu)件則需要計算強(qiáng)度、整體穩(wěn)定（彎矩作用平面內(nèi)穩(wěn)定和彎矩作用平面外穩(wěn)定）、局部穩(wěn)定和剛度（限制長細(xì)比）四、計算題（共計16分）以下是本題的答案要點，可根據(jù)具體情況酌情給分解將F分解為垂直于焊縫和平行于焊縫的分力（2分）9123506SINIKNN（2分）912MKEM（2分）483165870293MNLHNWEF（2分）2267MFEL（2分）834715NFFFN（2分）COS60VFK（2分）34827815FWMA222216036MNFNWFF直角角焊縫的強(qiáng)度滿足要求（2分）請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O_O謝謝2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄AFTEREARNINGHISSPURSINTHEKITCHENSOFTHEWESTIN,THESHERATON,SENSONTHEBUND,ANDASPRINKLINGOFOTHERTOPNOTCHVENUES,SIMPSONLUFINALLYGOTTHECHANCETOBECOMEHISOWNBOSSINNOVEMBER2010SORTOFTHESHANGHAIBORNCHEFMIGHTNOTACTUALLYOWNCALIFORNIAPIZZAKITCHENCPKBUTHEISINSOLECHARGEOFBOTHKITCHENANDFRONTOFHOUSEATTHISSINANMANSIONSSTALWART“ITSCERTAINLYARESPONSIBILITYTOBETHEHEADCHEF,ANDTHENTOHAVETOMANAGETHERESTOFTHERESTAURANTASWELL,“THE31YEAROLDTELLSENJOYSHANGHAI“INHOTELS,FOREXAMPLE,THESEJOBSARESTRICTLYDEMARCATED,SOITSAGREATOPPORTUNITYTOLEARNHOWABUSINESSOPERATESACROSSTHEBOARD“ITWASATASKTHATMANAGEMENTBACKINSUNNYCALIFORNIAEVIDENTLYFELTHEWASREADYFOR,ANDAVOTEOFCONFIDENCEFROMACOMPANYTHAT,TODATE,HASOPENED250OUTLETSIN11COUNTRIESANDFORADDEDPRESSURE,THESHANGHAIBRANCHWASALSOCPKSCHINADEBUT“FORSUREITWASABIGSTEP,ANDUNLIKEALLTHEIROTHERASIAOPERATIONSTHATAREFRANCHISES,THEYDECIDEDTOMANAGEITDIRECTLYTOBEGINWITH,“SAYSSIMPSONTWOYEARSAGOAPRIVATEFRANCHISEETOOKOVERTHELEASE,BUTTHELINKSTOCPKHEADQUARTERSARESTILLSTRONG,WITHAMAINLANDBASEDBRANDAMBASSADORONHANDTOENSURETHEBUSINESSADHERESTOITSETHOSOFCREATING“INNOVATIVE,HEARTHBAKEDPIZZAS“,ASLICEOFPRBLURBTHATSIMPSONINSISTSLIVESUPTOTHEHYPE“THEYAREVERYINNOVATIVE,“HESAYS“THEPROBLEMWITHMOSTFASTFOODPLACESISTHATTHEYUSETHESAMESAUCEONEVERYPIZZAANDJUSTCHANGETHETOPPINGSEVERYONEOFOUR16PIZZASAUCESISAUNIQUERECIPETHATHASBEENFORMULATEDTOCOMPLEMENTTHETOPPINGSPERFECTLY“THELARGELYLOCALCUSTOMERBASEEVIDENTLYAGREESANDONSATURDAYANDSUNDAY,ATLEAST,THEPLACEISTE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