外文翻譯--葡萄酒廠設(shè)計(jì).doc

附錄WineryDesignBuildingaWineryisbothandartandascience.Agreatwineryneedstoefficientandappealingatthesametime.Thefightformarketshareisoftenwoninthetastingroom,nottheliquorstore.ThestrongdemandforBCwineisdrivinglotsofnewwinerystartupsandenticingvineyardownerstoshifttheirbusinessmodelintostartingawinebusiness.Thisstorywilldiscusssomeofthekeyconsiderationsinthedesignprocess.1.Understandyourmission.Thewineryshouldreflectthemissionstatementofthewinebusinessandbeareflectionoftheterroir,customerbase,winemakingstyle,growthplansandbrandimage.MissionHillEstateWineryisagoodexampleofabusinesswhotakesa“nothingbutthebest”approach.Thiswineryhasbecomemagnetfortouristsandwineloversandwillensurethebrandsarewellrecognized。2.Defineyourfuturecapacity.Everygoodwinebusinessshouldhaveabusinessplanthatdescribesthefuturegrowthplansalongwithsalesforecasts,winemakingphilosophyandwinemakingtechniques.Theeventualsalesgoalsforthebusinessoverafiveortenyearhorizonwilldeterminethedesignandthereforebudgetforthebuilding.Itisalwayseasierandcheapertomakethebuildingenvelopebiggerinitiallyandaddequipmentlaterthantotakeoutwallsandceilingswhenthebuildingbecomestoosmallfortherequiredproduction.Somegoodrulesofthumbaretoallow3000squarefeetfora2000casewinery,5000squarefeetfora4000casewineryand7500squarefeetfora10,000casewinery.Everywinerywillbedifferentdependingontheproductionmix.Forexample,wineriesheavilyweightedtomakehighendredwineswillneedmorespacethanawineryfocusedonwhitewines,sincebarrelsfullofredwinetakeupmorespaceovertimethanwhitewineswhichwillturnfasterandmaynotbewoodaged.3.Seekharmonywiththeenvironment.Awinerybuildingshouldbepartofthelandscape.Afrequentlyusedtechniqueistobuildaportionofthebuildingintoahillsidetoallowforgravityfedwinehandlingandtotakeadvantageofthenaturaltemperaturecontrolaffordedbytheearth.Barrelcavesareatimehonoredelementofwinerydesignthatmakessenseforproperbarrelstorage,butalsoistremendouslyinterestingforconsumers.Ensuringagoodpotablewatersupplyandameanstodealwithwineryeffluentandsolidwasteresponsiblywillinfluencebuildingplacementaswell.Theplacementofthecrushpadiscriticaltoprotectthefruitandtheworkersprocessingit.Thecrushpadshouldbeshelteredfromwind,rainandsun,yetstillaccessibletothevehiclesbringinginthecrop.Neighborhoodvaluesareimportantaswellassupportfromtheneighbors,localcouncilorplannersandotherwinerieswillbecriticaltosuccessandmayberequiredbeforeyouevenstart.Visualizationisanimportanttooltousetoseehowthedesignwillworkinaspatialsense.TheuseoffoamcoremodelsorAutoCADdrawingswith3Danalysiswillhighlightdesignproblemsnotapparentfromaflatlinedrawing.4.Buildagreatprojectteam.Thekeypeopleonadesignteamforawineryare:thearchitectwhowillcreatethebuildingconcept,thestructuralengineerwillmakesurethestructurethatspringsfromthedesignissoundandefficient,thewinemakerorwineconsultant,whowilldefinetheprocessflow,interactionofspacesandequipmentneedsbasedonwinemakingstyle,theContractor,whobuildthestructuretothedesignspecifications,hopefullyontimeandonbudgetandaProjectManager,whokeepsalltheegosincheckandkeeptheprojectontimeandonbudget.Dependingonthesizeofthewinery,eachteammembercanwearseveralhats.Thetwomostimportantelementsforsuccessarefirstlytogettheteamtogetherearlyinthedesignphaseandensurefrequentandhighqualitycommunicationandsecondly,visitLOTSofwineries,notjustinyourregion,andinterviewpeopletobroadenyourunderstanding.Theschooloflifeisawaybetterteacherthananytextbook,soIcantstressenoughthimportanceoflearningfromotherpeoplesmistakesandsuccesses.5.MakeitEfficient.Thebestwaytoensureanefficientlayoutanddesignistospendtimeonmockupsandconsideralltheoptionsinthewinemaking.Thetimespentonresearchatthisstagewillpaydividends.Anotherusefultechniqueistomakealargescalefloorplanandplaceexactscalecutoutsoftheequipmentontheplan.Youcanthenvarytheconfigurationtofindtheoptimumlayout.Flipchartsandpostitnotesaregreatforthisexercise.ThiscanbedoneonAutoCADaswellifyouhavethiscapability.Remembertoaddclearancesforforklifttravel,breathingspacefornaturalventilation(oftenaccomplishedbyceilingheight).Usingbuildingtechniquesthatconserveenergywillpaydividendslater.Someexampleswouldbe:tousenorthsouthorientationtoreduceheatloadinsummer,usingsmallerwindowstolowerheatingcostsandenergyefficientlighting.Onethemostoverlookedaspectsisadequatedrainageandfloorslopes.Agreatwaytostealtimefromyourcellarhandsforyearstocomeistomakeaflatfloorwithpoordrainageanddoomthepoorsoultohoursofpushingwater!Agoodruleofthumbisoneinchofslopeforevery8-10feet.6.ReachHigh!Agreatwinerydesigndoesnotalwayshavetobethemostexpensive.Carefulconsiderationofslopecontours,processflowandcustomerinteractionaregreatwaystobuildsweatequityintoaproject.Ofcourse,greatwineriesareoftenhousedingreatbuildingsthatdefinethebrandforyearstocome.Phasingtheprojectovertimetomatchavailableresourcesisthebestwaytogo,unlesscapitalisplentiful.AfewexamplesthatcometomindareBurrowingOwlEstateWinery,whoonlyrecentlybuiltaovernightstaycomponentaftermanyyearsinbusinessandTinhornCreekWinery,whorecentlyannouncedajointventurewithLeGavrocherestauranttobuildarestaurantontheirOliverpropertyforasummer2008opening.Winepropertiesareappreciatingstronglyeveryyear,soasignaturebuildingisagreatinvestmentforthelongterm,aswellasleavingagreatlegacy.葡萄酒廠設(shè)計(jì)建立一個葡萄酒廠既是一門藝術(shù),又是一門科學(xué)。一個偉大的葡萄酒廠在同一時間內(nèi)需要有效率和有吸引力的并存。爭取市場份額往往是贏了品酒房間,而不是品嘗酒商店。公元前酒的強(qiáng)勁的市場需求正推動著許多新酒莊的主人的不間斷電源和誘人的葡萄園開始轉(zhuǎn)移到他們的商業(yè)模式開始一個葡萄酒業(yè)務(wù)。這個故事將討論在進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)過程的幾個關(guān)鍵問題。1.了解你的使命。葡萄酒莊應(yīng)該反映葡萄酒的企業(yè)使命聲明，并成為業(yè)務(wù)和地域特色的一種反映釀酒風(fēng)格，客戶群,釀酒風(fēng)格,擴(kuò)展計(jì)劃和品牌形象。希爾房地產(chǎn)酒莊的就是一個很好的商業(yè)例子,一個商業(yè)信念”用最好的東西”。這個酒廠已成為游客和葡萄酒愛好者的磁鐵，并會確保品牌是眾所周知的。2.定義你的未來能力。每一家優(yōu)秀的葡萄酒企業(yè)應(yīng)該有一個商業(yè)計(jì)劃,它描述了未來發(fā)展計(jì)劃及相應(yīng)伴隨著的銷售預(yù)測,釀酒哲學(xué)和釀酒技術(shù)。最終銷售目標(biāo)為企業(yè)在五年或十年將決定地平線的建筑和設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)算。相對于當(dāng)建筑物對于所必需的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模太小時擴(kuò)建廠房和增加天花板高度，制造成本更低的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)和添加設(shè)備總是更加容易和便宜。一些很好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)規(guī)則是用實(shí)際3000平方英尺來代替設(shè)計(jì)為2000平方英尺的葡萄酒廠，5000平方英尺代替設(shè)計(jì)時的4000平方英尺和10000平方英尺代替設(shè)計(jì)時的7500平方英尺葡萄酒廠。每一個釀酒廠將是不同的,這取決于產(chǎn)品的組合。例如,葡萄酒廠著重高端紅酒將比釀酒廠集中于白葡萄酒需要更大的空間,因?yàn)殡S著時間的過去，桶充滿紅酒比白葡萄酒占用更多的空間,因?yàn)榘拙仆靶D(zhuǎn)更快并且可能不是更老的木材。3尋求與環(huán)境的和諧。釀酒廠的建筑物應(yīng)該是風(fēng)景線的一部分。一個常用的方法是建立一個部分的建筑在一個山坡上,允許葡萄酒重力處理，并利用由地球所提供的自然溫度控制優(yōu)勢。洞穴是第一次光榮桶酒莊為適當(dāng)?shù)臄[放桶而定的設(shè)計(jì)元素，這是有道理的,而且是極其吸引消費(fèi)者興趣的。確保良好的食水供應(yīng)和處理污水和固體廢物的手段，酒廠負(fù)責(zé)安置建筑物以及影響。壓碎墊的位置是非常關(guān)鍵的，它保護(hù)水果讓工人們處理它。趕工墊應(yīng)該避開風(fēng)、雨,但仍應(yīng)接近車輛帶來的農(nóng)作物。附近的價(jià)值觀都是重要的,以及支持當(dāng)?shù)氐奈瘑T會或鄰居,規(guī)劃者和其他葡萄酒廠將是成功的關(guān)鍵,并可能被要求在開始之前。鄰里值是重要的，以及從鄰居，規(guī)劃者和地方議會或其他酒廠獲得的支持將是成功的關(guān)鍵，并可能被要求在開始之前?？梢暬瘧?yīng)作為一種重要的工具來使用,看看怎樣將工作設(shè)計(jì)在一個空間的感覺里。核心模型的使用或運(yùn)用三維設(shè)計(jì)分析的AutoCAD繪圖使用將比平線圖更明顯的突出問題。4建立一個偉大的項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)。人們在設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵是:釀酒團(tuán)隊(duì)的建筑師將創(chuàng)造建筑概念、結(jié)構(gòu)工程師會確保彈簧的結(jié)構(gòu)從設(shè)計(jì)是合理和有效的,葡萄酒顧問則將定義的工藝流程、互動的空間和設(shè)備需求基于釀酒風(fēng)格而定,承包商建造了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范及對時間和預(yù)算，項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理能夠完成所有的自我檢查并使項(xiàng)目保持時間和財(cái)政預(yù)算的方案。根據(jù)葡萄酒廠的尺寸,每個小組成員可以分配