外文翻譯--遠程教育與虛擬實驗室.doc

DistanceEducationandVirtualLaboratoriesTherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnologyanditswiderangeofapplications,makingitthecarrierofallkindsofinformation.Internetvirtuallaboratoryhasbecomethenew21stcenturymodelofdistanceeducation,muchattentioninthereformoftraditionalteachingmethods,education,resourcesharing,toimprovethestandardofteachingintheareasofconservationinvestmentineducationisimportant.Keywords:Internet,Distanceeducationvirtual,LaboratoryIntroductionDistanceeducationistoovercomethetraditionalface-to-facemodeofeducationforcertaindeficiencies(enrollmentislimited,inflexibleteachingmethods,education,wasteofmoney,etc.)anewmodeofeducation.Thefirstlong-distanceeducationisdistanceeducation；thenaradiostationfrombroadcastingtheUniversityofthedisseminationofinformation；whenthepopularityoftelevision,theTVUniversitycameintobeing.OfthethreemethodsofdistanceeducationtothebestteachingmethodsandTV.Notonlycanhearthevoices,andimagescanbeseen.Inrecentyears,ascomputertechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofcommunicationtechnology,therehasbeeneducationmultimediasystems.Inlessthan20years,theInternetintheworldhaveachievedrapiddevelopmentintheworldtodayhasbecomethelargestcoverage,informationresources,themostabundantcomputerinformationnetwork.Distanceeducationasthekey-theteachingofinformationtransmission,theInternetnodoubthasaclearadvantage.VirtuallaboratoryisbasedonInternet-basedontheinformationcarrier,anditspeoplehavedemonstratedtotheinformationage,anewwayofeducationandscientificresearch.FuturedevelopmentofeducationinthemainstreamCorrespondence,radio,televisionandotherdistancelearningmodes,allthefeaturesontheInternetcanberealizedeasily.AslongastheestablishmentofaneducationalWebsite,userswillnotlongerbesubjecttotimerestrictions,visittheeducationwebsitewillbeabletoreceivelong-distanceeducation.ButnotlimitedtogivefullexpressiontotheInternettodisseminatethemessageofapowerfulfeature.Internet-basedvirtuallaboratorytheemergenceofdistanceeducationwillbeelevatedtoahigherlevel.VirtualLab(VirtualLaboratory)theconceptoftheUniversityofVirginiabytheUnitedStates(UniversityofVirginia)WilliamWolf(WilliamWolf)Professorin1989,firstputforward,anditdescribesacomputernetwork-basedvirtuallaboratoryenvironmenttoindifferenttoolstobuildanintegratedinformationandtechnology,network-basedintegratedenvironment.Inthisenvironment,userscanveryeffectivelyuseavarietyoftheworlddistributionofdata,information,apparatus,equipmentandhumanresources.VirtualLaboratoryoftheoriginalmadeforthepurposeoffacilitatingscientificresearch,theresearchersengagedinresearchontheremotecanwork:theuseofinstrumentsandequipment,shareddataresources,suchastheexchangeofinformation.VirtualLaboratoryinessenceisadistributedcomputersystem,inwhichthesystemisequippedwithremotecontrol,remotesensingstudyofthecapacityofthenetworkequipmentanddataacquisitionplatformforcollaborativeactivitiessupportavarietyoftools,builttosupportdatasharingDigitalLibrary.Differentprofessionaldisciplineshavetheirownvirtuallaboratorycharacteristics.Butwhetheritisavirtuallaboratoryprofessionaldisciplinesarebytheirrespectivevirtualmachines(VirtualInstrumentation),composedof.Virtualinstrumentistheprocessthroughtheapplicationofcomputerhardwareandfunctioncombineuser-friendlygraphicalinterfacetooperatecomputers,therebycompletingtheobjectofthetestdatacollection,analysisandjudgments,suchasdisplayanddatastorage.Virtualinstrumentcomparedwiththetraditionalinstruments,hasitssideofthesame,anddifferentside.Thesamepoint:thevirtualmachineswiththesamethreemainfunctions,namely,datacollection,dataanalysis,resultsshowed.Virtualinstrumentsinatransparentmannertocomputerresourcesandequipmentmonitoringandcontrolhardwarecombinedwiththeabilitytorealizethefunctionoftheoperationofequipment.Withthetraditionalinstrumentsisdifferent:inagivencomputingcapacityandthenecessaryhardwareequipment,thestructureanduseofvirtualinstrumenttechnologyisthekeytosoftware,softwarethatequipment.Tosumup,thevirtualinstrumentisdefinedbytheusersown,afreecombinationofcomputingplatforms,hardware,softwareandcompletesystemcomposedofthenecessaryannexes.Virtualinstrumentisafunctionofthecharacteristicsoffixedseparationbetweenthetraditionalinstrumentsarenotavailable.ThedevelopmentofvirtuallaboratoriesinthestatusquoathomeandabroadPutforwardtheconceptofvirtuallaboratorymorethanadecadesincetheonlytime,butbecauseoftheirattractiveapplicationprospectsindevelopingcountries,someprogresshasbeenmade.Atpresent,thevirtuallaboratoryhasbeenverycommonindevelopedcountries.UnitedStates,astodaysscientificandtechnologicalpower,inordertocontinuetomaintainitsscienceandtechnologyinthefieldofleadership,withparticularemphasisoninformationtechnologyresearchandhasbeenavirtuallaboratoryforresearchanddevelopmentintheirstrategicplanning.Attheendof1991,theUnitedStatesScienceFoundation,theUnitedStates-ownedNationalCouncilforScientificResearchAdvisoryBoardoftheDepartmentofComputerandTelecommunicationssetupanational(scientific)tolaboratorycommitteeofscientistswhosemissionistosurveytheneedsofinformationtechnologytocoordinateresearchcooperativerelations,organizationandimplementationofspecificinformationtechnologydevelopment.Sincethen.Asfirstproposedtheconceptofvirtuallaboratory,andhasstrongtechnologicalstrengthandstrongfinancialresourcesoftheUnitedStates,fromtheverybeginningattachedgreatimportancetoresearchanddevelopmentofvirtuallaboratories,researchinthisfieldhasaleadingposition.VirtualinstrumentsystemanditsgraphicalprogramminglanguagehasbecomeascienceandengineeringstudentsoftheUniversityofarequiredcourse,anditspopularityisquiteextensive.Someforeignuniversitieshavesetuparemotevirtuallaboratory.UniversityofHannover,Germany,establishedavirtuallabautomation；SpaineDepartmentoftheUniversityhasdevelopedavirtualplatformofelectronicequipment；Italypawanumberofuniversitieshaveestablisheddistanceeducationvirtuallaboratories；NationalUniversityofSingaporehasdevelopedaremoteoscilloscopeexperimentexperimentsandpressurevessels.,thefeaturesofvirtuallaboratoryVirtuallaboratorycannotbecomparedwithtraditionallaboratoryfeaturestodetermineitsscientificresearch,education(especiallylong-distanceeducation)inagoodapplicationprospects.(1)TransparencyVirtualLaboratoryforalldatabases,hardware,orevenintegratedintoasystemstaff,usingthestandardfunctionsofaunifiedcommandtoachievetheservice,whichdeterminesthetransparencyofthestructureofthetransparentcharacteristicsofvirtuallaboratory.(2)SharedresourcesTheestablishmentofavirtuallaboratoryisoneofthepurposesofresourcesharinginordertodoso.Tothisend,theneedtoestablishaunifiedstandardinquirye-libraries,databases,intelligentretrievalsystem,databaseandotherapplicationsoftware,userscansharedata,software,hardwareandotherrelatedresources.Thisfeaturecanreduceduplicationofinvestment,asignificantinvestmentcostsavings.(3)InteractioninteroperabilityOncethevirtuallaboratory,openingup,thatis,interactive,remoteuserscanoperatethesamelocallaboratoryandatthesametimetheexchangeofinformationbetweenusers.Remoteusersisrequiredtoopenaseriesofhardwareandsoftwaresupport,theyareanintegralpartoftheVirtualLaboratory.(4)UserautonomyUserscandeveloptheirownvirtualinstrumentusedinawaythatallowsuserstotakethenecessarymeasurestoprotecttheirdata,information,theuserhassufficientautonomy.(5)ExpansionIntodaysinformationage,theveryrapidrateofknowledgeupdate,new,betterperformanceoftheinstrumentsandequipmentupdatecyclebecomingshorterandshorter.Therefore,thevirtuallaboratorymustbekeptuptodatehardwareandsoftwaretoupgradeatanytime,theservicefunctionatanytimetoincreasetheperformanceofvirtuallaboratorymusthavetheupgrade,theservicefunctionsofthecharacteristicsofincreased.遠程教育與虛擬實驗室因特網(wǎng)技術的迅速發(fā)展及其廣泛的應用,使之成為各種信息的載體。因特網(wǎng)虛擬實驗室已成為21世紀新型的遠程教育模式,備受人們的重視,在改革傳統(tǒng)教學方法、教育資源共享、提高教學水平、節(jié)約教育投資等方面具有重要意義。關鍵詞:虛擬實驗室遠程教育因特網(wǎng)一、引言遠程教育是為克服傳統(tǒng)的面對面教育模式的某些不足(招生人數(shù)有限、教育方法不靈活、教育資金浪費等)而產(chǎn)生的一種新型教育模式。最初的遠程教育是函授教育；此后出現(xiàn)了由廣播電臺傳播信息的廣播大學；當電視普及以后，電視大學應運而生。在上述三種遠程教育方法中，以電視大學的教學方式最優(yōu)。不僅能聽到聲音，而且可以看到圖像。近些年來，隨著計算機技術與通信技術的迅速發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了教育多媒體系統(tǒng)，它能夠交互地同時處理、傳輸、管理文本、圖形、圖像、語言、視頻、動畫等多種形式的信息。多媒體遠程教育系統(tǒng)在一定程度上彌補了電視大學的某些不足，但仍不能實現(xiàn)實驗操作。網(wǎng)上虛擬實驗室的出現(xiàn)，使遠程教育更趨完善，為教育發(fā)展史寫下了光輝的一頁。在不足20年時間里，因特網(wǎng)在全球得到了迅速發(fā)展，已成為當今世界上覆蓋面最大、信息資源最豐富的計算機信息網(wǎng)絡。作為遠程教育的關鍵-教學信息的傳遞，因特網(wǎng)無疑具有明顯的優(yōu)勢。虛擬實驗室正是建立在以因特網(wǎng)為信息載體的基礎上，它的產(chǎn)生向人們展示了信息時代一種全新的教育方式和科學研究方式。二、虛擬實驗室是今后高層次遠程教育的發(fā)展主流函授、廣播、電視等遠程教育模式的所有功能，在因特網(wǎng)上均能輕易實現(xiàn)。只要建立一個教育網(wǎng)站，用戶就不再受時空的限制，訪問教育網(wǎng)站就能夠接受到遠程教育。但僅限于此還不能充分體現(xiàn)出因特網(wǎng)強大的信息傳遞功能?；谝蛱鼐W(wǎng)的虛擬實驗室的出現(xiàn)，將遠程教育提升到更高的層次上。虛擬實驗室(VirtualLaboratory)概念，是由美國弗吉尼亞大學(UniversityofVirginia)的威廉沃爾夫(Will