中英翻譯--關于第一個太陽能并網發(fā)電里程碑的報告.doc

FirstSolarReachesGrid-ParityMilestone,SaysReportFirstSolarReachesGrid-ParityMilestone,SaysReport。AnanalysisofFirstSolarssystemintheNevadadesertarguesthatsolarcosts。lessthancoal.Renewablesrejoice.FirstSolarhasmadeittogridparity,accordingtoatleastoneanalyst。A12.6-megawattsysteminstalledbyFirstSolar(NSDQ:FSLR)forSempraGenerationshowedthatthesystemcanproduceelectricityatbelowthepriceofconventionalpowerintheUnitedStates,saidMarkBachman,anequityanalystatPacificCrest，inaresearchnoteTuesday.Thesystemcangenerate12.6megawattsofpowerindirectcurrent,whichisthenconvertedtoalternatingcurrenttofeedtheelectricgrid.FirstSolarannounced，theprojectasa10-megawatt(AC)powerplantearlierthisyear.Theplant,locatedintheNevadadesertnearBoulderCity,costs$0.075perkilowatthourtoinstallwithoutanysubsidies,Bachmanwrote.Conventionalpowe，fedintothegridcosts$0.09perkilowatthour。Inourview,theindustryleaderswillbethosecompaniesthatcandeliverelectricityatorbelowgridparitypricingwithouttheaidofsubsidieswhilealsodeliveringsuperiorreturntoshareholders,Bachmansaid.Currently,onlyFirstSolarcanclaimtheseachievements,inourview.Bachmanscostcalculations,ofcourse,areimpactedbyanumberoffactorsandotherswilllikelycometodifferentconclusions.Partofthecalculationreliesonwhatothersareachievinginotherlocationswithdifferentkindsofpanels.Nonetheless,itunderscorestheprogresstheindustryismakingtowardtheimportantmilestone.AndFirstSolarisnttheonlynarrowinginonit.Yesterday,CypressSemiconductorCEOT.J.Rodgerstoldagroupofreportersthatpowerfromcrystallinesiliconsolarpanelswillbecheaperthancoalpowerby2012whentransmissionslines,utilitybureaucracyandotherfactorsareaddedin.Wearezeroinginonparity,Rodgerssaid.WeregoingtomatchPG&E(PacificGasandElectric)by2012.Withinacoupleofyears,thepriceofsolarwillbejustascheap.RodgersinvestedinSunPowerin2000whenithad40employees.HeturnedthesharesovertoCypresslater.SunPowernowsellsbillionsworthofpanelsayear.FirstSolar,basedinTempe,Ariz.,makesthin-filmsolarpanelsusingcadmiumtelluriumasthekeyingredienttoconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Itsoneofahandfulofthin-filmcompaniestobeproducingpanelsinhighvolumesandtheonlyoneturningoutcadtelpanelsinvolume.Mostofthesolarpanelstodayusecrystallinesilicon,whichisabletoconvertmoresunlightthanmaterialsusedbythin-filmmakers.Nextyear,ahandfulofmanufacturerswillstartmakingcopperindiumgalliumselenide(CIGS)solarcells。FirstSolarsclaimtofameforthepastseveralyearshasbeeninitsabilitytochurnoutlargenumbersofpanelsandafairlylowcost.Lastmonth,thecompanysaiditwasabletoproducepanelsat$1.08perwatt.Thefigure,however,isablendedaverageofallofthecompanysfactories.FirstSolarscostoutofitsMalaysianfactoriesislower,closerto75cents.The$40millionsystematSempraiscomprisedof168,300panels,whichFirstSolarinstalledatacostof$3.17perwatt,Bachmanwrote.(Theinstalledcostishigherbecauseitincludesframesandinstallation,notjustthesolarmodule.)HethenusedSunPowersinstallationofa14.2-megawattsystemattheNellisAirForcebaseinNevadaforcomparison.BachmansaidSunPowerscrystallinesiliconpanelscost$7.04perwatttoinstall.Afterfiguringouthowmuchelectricitythesystemisgenerating,Bachmandeterminedthatitcosts$0.164perkilowatthour.HeconcludedthatfortheSunPowersystemtogenerateelectricityatthesamerate(inkilowatt-hours)asFirstSolars,SunPowerwouldhavetocutitspanelpricesby52percentandsellthemat$3.4perwatt.ButBachmanwentontoarguethatthesolarindustrycarestoomuchaboutthecostofproducingandinstallingpanels,andnotenoughaboutthehowmuchasystemcostsintermsofitspowergeneration,inkilowatt-hours.Henotedthatfinancialanalystsshoulddosowhendissectingtheaveragesellingpriceofacompanyspanels.Byfocusingonthecost/kWhcalculation,wecancomparecompetingbusinessmodelsonadefinedmetricthatisindependentoftechnologies,hesaid.BachmanalsofiguredthatFirstSolarssystemmakemoreefficientuseofrealestatethanSunPowers,somethingthatcontradictsSunPowersclaimandtheestimatesofothers.SunPowerssystemneedsmorespacebecauseitusesatrackingsystemtopointthepanelstothesunthroughouttheday.Crystallinepanelsperformthebestwhenfacingthedirectsun.Byusingthetracker,however,thepanelsneedtobefartheraparttoavoidtheshadowcastbyotherpanelsastheyfollowthesun。FirstSolartilteditspanelsatafixedangelinstead.Itscadmium-telluridepanelsmightnotbeasefficientasSunPowerspanelsunderdirectsun,butthethin-filmpanelsdobetteratconvertingdiffusedlight.SunPower,however,achievesafarhigherefficiency.Itsellspanelsthatcanconvert20tonearly23percentofthesunlightthatstrikesthemintoelectricity.關于第一個太陽能并網發(fā)電里程碑的報告在研究了首個在內華達沙漠以太陽能發(fā)電的系統我們認為，太陽能發(fā)電的成本低于煤。可再生能源發(fā)展欣欣向榮。首個太陽能發(fā)電系統已經向電網平價供電，根據至少有一位分析師。一個12.6兆瓦的第一個太陽能系統在美國參議院的表決下安裝，該系統產生電力的價格低于常規(guī)電力，馬克克巴赫曼，一個在太平洋佳潔士股票分析師，在星期二在一份研究注意到。該系統可以產生12.6兆瓦的電力，然后再轉換為交流電供給電網。在今年早些時候，第一個10W太陽能發(fā)電系統已經宣布開始建設。這個發(fā)電系統，坐落在內華達沙漠附近博爾德城，向外輸送價格每一KW/H0.075美元的電力而且沒有任何額外補貼，巴赫曼寫道，二常規(guī)電源饋入電網的費用是0.09美元每千瓦小時?！拔覀冋J為，行業(yè)領導者將為這些公司能夠提供電力且以低于電網平價定價而向他們提供援助補貼，同時提供優(yōu)異的回報給股東，”巴赫曼說。我們認為：目前，只有第一個太陽能可以聲稱這些成就。巴赫曼的成本計算，當然，在受到很多不同因素的情況下可能會得到不同的結論。部分的計算依賴于其他人在實現發(fā)電在不同地方所使用不同類型的面板。盡管如此，它突出的進展，對整個行業(yè)來說是個重要的里程碑。并且太陽能發(fā)電并不是沒有限制因素。昨天，賽普拉斯半導體公司首席執(zhí)行官T.J.羅杰斯告訴一群記者說：“從晶體硅太陽能電池板得到的電力價格將低于煤電價格到2012年時當傳輸線以及高效率官僚機構和其他因素加進來的時候。在起點是相同的”羅杰斯說。“我們將和PG&E（太平洋天然氣和電力）互相合作直至2012年。在未來兩三年內，太陽能發(fā)電的電力價格將是相當便宜。”羅杰斯的投資公司SunPower在2000年已經有時40名員工。他把股份轉讓給賽普拉斯以后。SunPower公司現在能在一年出售價值數十億美元的面板。首個太陽能設備總部設在美國TEMPE，使用以鎘碲制造的薄膜太陽能電池板是將陽光轉化為電能關鍵。在大多數的使用單晶硅太陽能電池板今天，它能更多轉化陽光比那些制造商制造的薄膜。下一年，將有少數有能力的制造商將開始生產銅銦鎵硒（CIGS）太陽能電池。這個坐落在森普拉價值4000萬美元系統有168，300個電池板，其中第一個太陽能發(fā)電系統安裝費用為3.17美元每瓦，克巴赫曼寫道。（安裝的成本較高，因為它包括框架和安裝，而不僅僅是太陽能電池組件。）然后，他使用SunPower公司的電池組件安裝了一個14.2兆瓦的太陽能系統在內利斯空軍基地，在與內華達州的系統進行比較。巴赫曼說，SunPower公司的晶體硅板成本為七點零四美元每瓦。在搞清楚多少電力系統發(fā)電，巴赫曼確定它的費用0.164美元每千瓦小時他的