人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)上Unit3單元總結(jié)與練習(xí)

“記一記”短語過關(guān)“背一背”課文佳句1. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一個(gè)真正的朋友在需要時(shí)給你幫助，使你感動(dòng)。2. A good friend is like a mirror. 好朋友就像一面鏡子。3. Friends are like booksyou dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. 朋友如書不在多而貴在好。4. My best friend helps to bring out the best in me. 我最好的朋友總能幫我激發(fā)出我身上最優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)。5. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。6. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen. 我知道她關(guān)心我，因?yàn)樗S時(shí)都能聽我傾訴。重點(diǎn)詞匯解讀1. both 考查熱度【重點(diǎn)解讀】both意為“兩者；兩者都”，只能用來修飾兩個(gè)人或事物。both用作形容詞，放在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前做定語；用作代詞時(shí)，往往和of構(gòu)成短語both of；用作副詞時(shí)，往往置于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前?！纠湔故尽?. Both sisters are outgoing and generous. 姐妹倆都外向又慷慨。2. Both of the teachers are teachers and writers. 這兩個(gè)老師既是老師又是作家。3. Millie and Grace are both good at dancing. 米莉和格蕾絲兩人都擅長(zhǎng)跳舞。【拓展延伸】both直接修飾名詞時(shí)，不加of。若是添加了of，則要在名詞前加上適當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄔ~。Both children went to study abroad for further education.Both of the (my) children went to study abroad for further education. （我的）兩個(gè)孩子都去國(guó)外繼續(xù)深造了。both放在人稱代詞前時(shí)，一定要用bothof，不能說bothwe或bothus，但可以說usboth,themboth等。Both of us went to the movies last night. 昨晚我們兩個(gè)去看電影了。both與not連用，是部分否定，表示“兩者不都”，其否定形式是neither。Boththedoorsarenotopen.兩扇門并不都開著。如果要將上述例句改成全部否定，則就應(yīng)寫成：Neither door is open. (= Neither of the doors is open.) 兩扇門都沒開。bothand是“兩者都；又又；不但而且”的意思，在句中起連接作用，可以用來連接各種并列成分，甚至兩個(gè)句子。Both Lucy and Lily are secretaries of big companies. 露西和莉莉都是大公司的秘書。【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每格一詞。1. We are both English teachers.(改為同義句)_ _ _ are English teachers.2. They are both good at English.(改為否定句)_ _ _ is good at English.3. Millie is slim. Grace is slim, too.(將兩句合并成一句) _Millie_ Grace_ slim.答案：1. Both of us 2. Neither of them 3. Both and are2. loudly 考查熱度【拓展】loud; aloud; loudly的用法辨析loud形容詞“響亮的”可作定語或表語；Dont make loud noise, please. 請(qǐng)不要大吵大鬧。Facts speak louder than eloquence. 事實(shí)勝于雄辯。副詞“高聲地; 響亮地”，常與speak, talk, sing, laugh等動(dòng)詞連用aloud副詞常與動(dòng)詞read連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)從不出聲到出聲，別人能聽得見，但聲音不一定很大, 沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式。Dont read aloud in the library. 在圖書館里不要朗讀。loudly副詞與loud同義，有時(shí)可與loud互換使用，但loudly通常指令人討厭的聲音，含有喧鬧之意。Its not polite to shout loudly at the old. 沖老人大喊大叫是不禮貌的?！緦?shí)戰(zhàn)演練】用aloud，loud，loudly填空。1. In the school library, you shouldnt read_.2. They were talking_ there and he was not happy.3. Dont make_ noise here. Everyone is listening to the teacher.答案：1. aloud 2. loudly 3. loud3. reach 考查熱度【重點(diǎn)解讀】reach vi.(不及物動(dòng)詞)意為“伸手”；vt.(及物動(dòng)詞),意為“到達(dá)；抵達(dá)”，后接地點(diǎn)名詞或副詞。【例句展示】The 3-year-old boy wants to reach for the toy on the desk. 3歲男孩想伸手去拿桌子上的玩具。My uncle reached the train station a moment ago. 我叔叔一會(huì)兒前到達(dá)火車站的?！就卣寡由臁縜rrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞時(shí)要加介詞in（大地點(diǎn)）或at（小地點(diǎn)）。get必須和to一起構(gòu)成get to來表達(dá)“到達(dá)”之意。三者之間可以這樣互換：reach地點(diǎn)名詞arrive in/ at地點(diǎn)名詞get to地點(diǎn)名詞。How can I reach/ get to/ arrive at the nearest post office? 我怎樣才能到達(dá)最近的郵局呢？若是用副詞來表達(dá)地點(diǎn)時(shí)，get to和arrive in/ at后面的介詞都必須省去。Please reach/ arrive/ get home as early as you can. 請(qǐng)盡可能早點(diǎn)到家?！緦?shí)戰(zhàn)演練】根據(jù)句意和漢語提示，填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1. Please tell me as soon as Mr. Chen_(到達(dá)). arrives2. Mrs. Chen always_(到達(dá)) school early every day. reaches3. Who_(到達(dá))to the teaching building this morning? got4. win 考查熱度【重點(diǎn)解讀】win v.意為“獲勝；贏；贏得”，其過去式和過去分詞都是won，名詞是winner（獲勝者；贏家）。win用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其賓語往往是比賽、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、名譽(yù)、財(cái)產(chǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或運(yùn)動(dòng)等。eg: Who won the first prize in the singing competition yesterday? 誰在昨天的唱歌比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)？【拓展延伸】beat用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“打?。粦?zhàn)勝”，其過去式和過去分詞分別為beat和beaten。beat后面必須接比賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的對(duì)手或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的敵人來做賓語。Im sure to beat you in the coming exam this time. 這次在要舉行的考試中，我一定能打敗你。【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。1. 你能告訴我誰贏了昨天的足球賽？Can you tell me who yesterday?2. 上學(xué)期在足球賽中我們學(xué)校贏了他們學(xué)校。Last term our school at football.答案：1. won the football match 2. beat their school重點(diǎn)句型剖析1. Thats Tara, isnt it? 那是塔拉，對(duì)嗎？ 考查熱度【名師點(diǎn)睛】這是一個(gè)反意疑問句，也稱附加疑問句，是用來表示提問人對(duì)自己的想法沒有把握，需要對(duì)方來加以證實(shí)。 反意疑問句由兩部分組成：陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短的疑問句。簡(jiǎn)短的疑問句部分由謂語（和前面陳述句的謂語保持一致）+主語（必須是人稱代詞的主格），兩部分的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)要保持一致。 反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：前肯后否和前否后肯。【溫馨提示】 當(dāng)陳述部分有never，seldom，hardly，few，little，nothing等否定意義的詞時(shí)，后面的反意疑問句則為肯定形式； 當(dāng)陳述部分含有un-前綴、-less后綴等含有詞綴而意思否定的詞，如unhappy，dislike，unfriendly等時(shí)，當(dāng)做肯定句處理，疑問部分要用否定形式。 反意疑問句的回答用yes或no，和一般疑問句的回答一樣，只需按照實(shí)際情況回答即可。但是遇到前否后肯的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其回答用Yes表示“不”，用No表示“是”。He doesnt love her, does he?他不愛她，是嗎？No, he doesnt. 是的，他不愛她。【友情提醒】（1）當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語是everything，anything，nothing，something時(shí)，反意疑問句中主語須用it。（2）當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語是this，that或those，these時(shí)，反意疑問句中主語用it和they。（3）當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語是everyone，everybody，someone，somebody等，反意疑問句中主語一般用he/they。（4）當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，疑問句要根據(jù)語氣來表達(dá)，分三種情況：一般情況下用will you 或 wont you。以Lets開頭的祈使句，疑問句用shall we；以Let us或Let me開頭的祈使句，問句用will you。當(dāng)陳述句是否定的祈使句時(shí)，一般用will you?！纠湔故尽縇in Tao has been to the Great Wall before, hasnt he? 林濤以前去過長(zhǎng)城，對(duì)嗎？There are few students in the classroom now, are there? 現(xiàn)在教室里沒什么學(xué)生，對(duì)嗎？單元語法聚焦之“形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)”1.【定義】形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)形容詞和副詞有三級(jí)原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)變化有兩種：規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。A.規(guī)則變化類別構(gòu)成例詞單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加erstrong stronger以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的，在詞后直接加rlarge larger以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加erhappy happier重讀閉音節(jié)且只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，先雙寫輔音字母，再加erred redderhot hotter多音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加morebeautiful more beautiful形容詞后加ly構(gòu)成的副詞carefully more carefullyB.不規(guī)則變化原 級(jí)比 較 級(jí)good / wellbetterbad / ill worsemany / much more little less farfarther（表示距離，譯為“更遠(yuǎn)”）further（表示程度，譯為“進(jìn)一步的”） oldolder（新舊或年齡）elder(兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)的常見用法： 在表示兩者之間的一般比較時(shí)，常用than連接，than表示“比.” eg：Mary is happier than Jane. 瑪麗比珍妮幸福。Tom is younger than Jim. 湯姆比吉姆小。 形容詞的比較級(jí)可以單獨(dú)使用： eg：Be more careful next time. 下次小心點(diǎn)。 Which book is better? 哪本書更好？ 比較級(jí)之前加much/ far/a lot（表示“得多”），a bit/ a little（表示“一點(diǎn)兒”），even（表示“更”）, three times （三倍、），等詞修飾，用以加強(qiáng)語氣。eg：Japan is a little larger than Germany. (日本比德國(guó)大一點(diǎn)兒。)This book is far more interesting than that one. (這本書比那一本有趣多了。)He looks much taller than before. 他看上去比以前高多了。 比較級(jí)常用the的常見情況：當(dāng)表示兩者比較并具有特指關(guān)系，且用of連接時(shí)，比較級(jí)前要用the.eg：Tom is the younger of the two boys. （湯姆是那兩個(gè)男孩中年紀(jì)較小的那個(gè)。）當(dāng)指兩件不同的事情之間有一定的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，常用句型“The比較級(jí)句子，the比較級(jí)句子”表示“越，越”。eg：The harder you study, the better you will be at English. （你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，你的英語將越好。）The higher you stand, the farther you will see. 站得高看得遠(yuǎn)。表示同一人或物“越來越.”常用“比較級(jí)+and +比較級(jí)”或“more and more+原級(jí)”eg：It gets colder and colder. （天氣越來越冷。） The earth is getting warmer and warmer. The flowers in the garden are more and more beautiful.（花園里的花越來越漂亮。）表示程度相同的比較常用“as+原級(jí)+as”, 譯為“與.一樣/相同”eg：He is as old as I. (他和我一樣大。） Her skin is as white as snow. (她的皮膚和雪一樣白。)Tom is as honest as Jack. (湯姆和杰克一樣成熟。)表示程度不相同的比較常用“not as/so+原級(jí)+as”譯為“與.不一樣/不同”eg：This book is not as(so)interesting as that one.（這本書不是和那本書一樣有趣。）“比較級(jí)than any other單數(shù)名詞或比較級(jí)than the other復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“比其他的任何都”。切記：主語需在介詞短語所表示的范圍之內(nèi)。eg：Eric is taller than any other boy in his class.= Eric is taller than the other boys in his class. 艾瑞克在他班里比其他任何一個(gè)男孩都高。如果主語不在介詞短語所表示的范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，則不用other。Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. 上海比日本的任何一個(gè)城市都大。 原級(jí)和比較級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換English is not as hard as Chinese. 英語沒有語文難。= English is easier than Chinese. 英語比語文容易。= Chinese is harder than English. 語文比英語難。語法專題課堂操練一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。fast _quick _ quickly _ difficult _badly _ well _hard-working _ wet _hungry_ enjoyable_serious_ clearly_答案：faster, quicker, more quickly, more difficult, worse, better, more hard-working, wetter, hungrier, more enjoyable, more serious, more clearly二、用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I tried to write _ (care) than Jim this time. more carefully2. The street looks much _ (clean) these days. cleaner3. The watch is _ (cheap) than that one. cheaper4. This problem is difficult, but that one is_ (difficult) than this one. more difficult5. There are_ (many) magazines in our school than in theirs. more6. She thinks History is not so_ (interesting) as Geography. interesting7. Andy is_ (strong) than any other student in his class. stronger8. The more you eat, the _ (fat) you will be. fatter9. Jack does_ (bad) in Chinese than Nancy does. worse10. Which is _ (popular), English or French? more popular三、單選選擇。( )1. Mr. Li is _ of the two.A. tall B. taller C. the taller D. more tall( )2. Which do you like _ Jim, coffee or milk?A. good B. well C. better D. best( )3. Dick, is Nick your twin brother? Yes, and Im thirty minutes_ than him.A. fatterB. taller C. heavier D. older( )4. China is larger than in Asia.A. any country B. the other country C. any other country D. another country( )5. Jack doesnt run SimonA. as quick as B. so quick asC. as more quickly as D. so quickly as單元主題寫作廣角主題剖析： 本單元以“人物個(gè)性特征”為話題，向我們展示了如何談?wù)撊宋锾卣鳎绾芜\(yùn)用比較級(jí)來對(duì)人物進(jìn)行比較，具體到書面表達(dá)中，要求同學(xué)們會(huì)根據(jù)所學(xué)內(nèi)容來描寫人物之間的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。 經(jīng)典示例： 1. 同步學(xué)習(xí)周報(bào)正在聯(lián)袂陽光中學(xué)舉行“我的閨蜜我來談”活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表中提供的信息, 寫一篇短文介紹你和你最好的朋友Nancy的相同之處和不同之處。要求：1、包括信息中提及的所有內(nèi)容，語句通順，條理清楚。2、字?jǐn)?shù)80個(gè)詞左右（開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）, 可適當(dāng)加以發(fā)揮。人物不同點(diǎn)相同點(diǎn)Nancy1、比我高得多, 更外向2、更擅長(zhǎng)唱歌、跳舞3、喜歡去聽音樂會(huì)1、喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)2、學(xué)習(xí)努力, 各門功課都學(xué)得好3、喜歡閱讀, 通常在周末一起去圖書館I1、喜歡上網(wǎng)2、喜歡旅游對(duì)朋友之間的異同點(diǎn)的看法：（至少兩點(diǎn)）Nancy is my best friend. In some ways, we are the same. 范文示例 Nancy is my best friend. In some ways, we are the same. Both of us like sports. We are both hard-working and good at our subjects. We both like reading, and we usually go to the library together on weekends. But in some ways we are different. She is taller and more outgoing than me. She is better at singing and dancing. She likes going to the concert. For me, I like surfing the Internet. And I love traveling. In fact, I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different from me. I think my best friend helps me brings out the best in me.寫作實(shí)踐：假如你是王兵，請(qǐng)根據(jù)表格中提供的信息，寫一篇短文假設(shè)介紹一下你和你好朋友的情況要求：內(nèi)容完整，語句通順連貫，詞數(shù)80左右。相同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)TomWang Bin第3中15歲14歲八（二）班擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)擅長(zhǎng)英語喜歡幫助別人籃球足球努力學(xué)習(xí)綠色紅色范文摘抄：Im Wang Bin, a student of No.3 middle school. I have a new friend. Hes an American boy. We are both in the same class. He is 15 years old, one year older than me.We both study hard. Im good at English, but he is good at math. We often help each other with our lessons. Also, both of us like helping others. We both like sports very much. Tom enjoys playing basketball. But I am different. I like playing soccer. He likes green but I like red.Though we are different in many ways. We are the best friends.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)過關(guān)訓(xùn)練.單項(xiàng)選擇。( ) 1. I dont really care if my friends are the same_ me or different_ me.A. as; as B. from; from C. as; from D. from; as( )2. I think the Internet is really useful. We can get lots of_ from it.A. thingB. message C. ideaD. information ( )3. Can you finish the work well with_ money and_ people?A. less; lessB. less; more C. more; fewerD. less; fewer ( )4. _you dont give up, your dreams will come true.A. As long as B. As soon as C. As well as D. As often as ( )5. Are you relaxing yourself here?Yes. It is_ to walk slowly along the river.A. fantastic B. boring C. bad D. terrible ( )6. My friend likes singing and talking with others. But I often stay at home to watch TV. So my friend is_ than me.A. quieter B. more serious C. more outgoing D. more beautiful ( )7. Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis_ today.A. evenhotter B.morehotter C.muchmorehot D.muchhot ( )8. Thisbookis_ thatone,but_ thanthatone.A. asdifficultas;expensive B. asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC. asdifficultas;moreexpensive D. moredifficultas;asexpensive ( )9. Mom, I would like an iPhone 6s. Why? You can buy a Xiaomi. It costs _an iPhone 6s, but work well, too.A. less than B. as much as C. more than D. less expensive than ( )10. Whats your father like? _.A. He likes watching TV B. Hed like to go shopping with meC. He looks different D. He is kind and honestII. 在橫線上