對接焊縫射線工藝規(guī)程(doc 27頁).doc

* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:1 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDSRADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDS對接焊縫射線檢測工藝規(guī)程 CONTROLLED 在控本 UNCONTROLLED 非在控本 COPY NO 副本編號：PREPARED BY 編制： DATE 日期： REVIEWED BY 審核： DATE 日期： APPROVED BY 批準(zhǔn)： DATE 日期：* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:2 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDS1. General 1.1 This procedure is applied to the x-ray radiographic examination of butt welds for pressure vessels constructed in accordance with ASME Code Section Div1. 1.2 This procedure shall be supplemented, when necessary, with the examination instructions defining more specific variables, which will be prepared by NDE Level personnel. 2. Qualification of Examination Personnel 2.1 Any person engaged in the radiographic examination shall be qualified and certified as a radiographic examiner in accordance with * Co., Ltd.s “Written Practice for NDE Personnel Training, Examination, Qualification and Certification”(NO.: QCD-011). 2.2 The NDE Levelshall receive the necessary instruction or supervision from a certified NDE Level or Level Examiner. The NDE Level shall receive the instruction or supervision from a NDE Level Examiner. 2.3 According to the respective responsibility range, all examiners shall complete the examination conforming to the referencing ASME Code Sections, standards and written instructions. They shall assure the working quality. 3. Equipment , Tools and Materials The LevelExaminer shall select the equipment, tools and materials to assure that they are in compliance with the following conditions and the requirement of the examination instruction. 3.1 One of the x-ray equipment shall be selected from Table 1. Table 1 1. 概述 1.1 本工藝規(guī)程適用于按ASME 規(guī)范第卷第冊要求制造的壓力容器的對接焊縫的x射線照相檢測。 1.2 必要時，本工藝規(guī)程應(yīng)由探傷作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書進行補充以規(guī)定更詳細(xì)的變量，此指導(dǎo)書由NDE 級人員編制。 2. 檢測人員資格 2.1從事射線探傷的檢測人員必須按南京寶色鈦業(yè)有限公司的(文件號：QCD-011)進行資格考核評定。 2.2 NDE級須接受合格的級或級必要的指導(dǎo)或監(jiān)督。NDE級須接受NDE 級的指導(dǎo)或監(jiān)督。 2.3 根據(jù)各自的職責(zé)范圍，所有檢測人員應(yīng)按ASME規(guī)范有關(guān)卷，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書進行檢測并保證工作質(zhì)量。3.設(shè)備、器材級人員所選用的設(shè)備、器材應(yīng)能保證符合下列條件和探傷作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書的要求。 3.1 X射線設(shè)備應(yīng)從表1中選用。TypeMfr.Max. TubeVoltabe(KVp)Max. TubeCurrent(mA)Foc. Size(mm)Permitted max. material thick(mm)SteelTiZrxx-2505Beijing25052 x 2386322xx-3005Dandong30051.0 x 2.3467028 表 1類型制造廠家最大管電壓KVp最大管電流mA焦點尺寸(mm)允許的材料最大穿透厚度mmSteelTiZrxx-2505北京25052 x 2386322xx-3005丹東30051.0 x 2.3467028 3.2 Film Film selection shall be in accordance with SE-1815, Standard Test Method for Film Systems for 3.2 膠片 膠片須根據(jù)SE-1815工業(yè)射線照相的膠片系統(tǒng)分類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試方法來選擇。膠片分類表應(yīng)由膠片制造廠提供。膠片* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:3 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDSIndustrial Radiography. The classification table of film shall be provided by the film manufacturer. Film system classes Special, ,W-A, and W-B are permitted. Depending on the x-ray penetration thickness, a suitable film shall be selected. When using two films method, two different types of film shall be selected. 3.3 Screen A suitable lead screen shall be selected from Table 2. Table 2系統(tǒng)分為特殊、,W-A,和W-B。應(yīng)根據(jù)X射線穿透厚度，選擇合適的膠片。采用雙片法時，應(yīng)選用兩種不同類型的膠片。 3.3 增感屏 從表2中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)你U增感屏。 表2Tube VoltageThickness of lead Screen(mm)管電壓鉛增感屏厚度(mm)FrontBack前 屏后 屏0.050.050.100.050.050.1 3.4 Densitometer and Step Wedge Film The digital densitometer listed in Table 3 shall be used for judging radiograph density. The densitometer shall be checked against a calibrated step wedge film at least once every 90days by the NDE Level or Examiner. The step wedge film shall be calibrated once every 12months by the National Bureau of Standards. Table 3 3.4 黑度計和階梯黑度片 用表3 列出的數(shù)碼黑度計測定射線底片密度。黑度計至少每90天由NDE 級或級用校驗過的階梯黑度片校驗一次。黑度片須至少每12個月由國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局校驗一次。表 3Type ManufacturerMea., RangeMea., Precision型號制造廠測量范圍測量精度TD-210ZHEJIANGZHENGHAI0.00-4.00D0.03DTD-210浙江甌海0.00-4.00D0.03D 3.5 Image Quality Indication(IQI) 3.5.1 Type and material of IQIs 3.5.1.1 The wire type IQI presented as Fig. 1 and Tab.4 be used. The wire type IQI shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements in SE-747. 3.5.1.2 The wires shall be fabricated from material or alloy with same or less radiation absorption than the material being radiographed. 3.5 象質(zhì)計(IQI) 3.5.1 象質(zhì)計類型和材料 3.5.1.1應(yīng)使用線型象質(zhì)計(圖1和表4)。線型象質(zhì)計的制造和標(biāo)識應(yīng)符合SE-747的要求。 3.5.1.2 金屬絲的材質(zhì)應(yīng)與被透檢材料相同，或其射線吸收小于被檢材料。* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:4 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDS Fig 1 圖1* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:5 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDSTable 4 Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameters and Wire Identity in. (mm) Table 4 IQI Sets and wire Diameter 表4 線型IQI標(biāo)識和線徑 表4象質(zhì)計組別和線徑Wire Diameters in. (mm)線徑英寸(毫米)Set AWire No.Set BWire No.A組線號AB組線號B0.0032(0.08)10.010(0.25)60.0032(0.08)10.010(0.25)60.004(0.1)20.013(0.33)70.004(0.1)20.013(0.33)70.005(0.13)30.016(0.4)80.005(0.13)30.016(0.4)80.0063(0.16)40.020(0.51)90.0063(0.16)40.020(0.51)90.008(0.2)50.025(0.64)100.008(0.2)50.025(0.64)100.010(0.25)60.032(0.81)110.010(0.25)60.032(0.81)11Set CWire No.Set DWire No.C組線號CD組線號D0.032(0.81)110.100(2.5)160.032(0.81)110.100(2.5)160.040(1.02)120.126(3.2)170.040(1.02)120.126(3.2)170.050(1.27)130.160(4.06)180.050(1.27)130.160(4.06)180.063(1.6)140.200(5.1)190.063(1.6)140.200(5.1)190.080(2.03)150.250(6.4)200.080(2.03)150.250(6.4)200.100(2.5)160.320(8)210.100(2.5)160.320(8)21 3.5.2 IQI Selection 3.5.2.1 The designated essential minimum wire diameter shall be as specified in Table 5 Table 5 IQI SELECTION 表5 象質(zhì)計選用 3.5.2 IQI 選用 3.5.2.1 應(yīng)顯示的最小線徑必須按表5規(guī)定。Nominal single-wall Material Thickness Range, in(mm)單壁標(biāo)稱材料厚度范圍in(mm)Source Side IQI射源側(cè)IQIFilm Side IQI 膠片側(cè)IQIEssential WireDiameter應(yīng)顯示的線徑in (mm)Wire No.線號Essential WireDiameter應(yīng)顯示的線徑in (mmWire No.線號Up to 0.25, incl. 0.25(6.4)0.008(0.2)50.006(0.16)4Over 0.25 thr.0.375 0.250.375(6.49.5)0.010(0.25)60.008(0.2)5Over 0.375 thr.0.5 0.3750.5(9.512.7)0.013(0.33)70.010(0.25)6Over 0.5 thr.0.75 0.50.75(12.719.1)0.016(0.4)80.013(0.33)7Over 0.75 thr.1.00 0.751.00(19.125.4)0.020(0.51)90.016(0.4)8Over1.00thr.1.50 1.001.50(25.438.1)0.025(0.64)100.020(0.51)9Over 1.50 thr.2.00 1.502.00(38.150.8)0.032(0.81)110.025(0.64)10 3.5.2.2 For welds with reinforcements, the thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness plus the estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the maximum permitted by the SectionDivision 1. For welds without reinforcements, the thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness. In both cases backing rings or strips shall not be considered as part of the weld thickness in IQI selection. 3.5.3 Placement of IQIs 3.5.3.1 The IQI(s) shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined. When configuration or size prevents placing the IQI(s) on the part or weld, the IQI(s) may be placed on a separate block in compliance with para. T-277.1 of Section V. The separate block shall be placed as close as 3.5.2.2 對有余高焊縫，象質(zhì)計放處的厚度是標(biāo)稱單壁厚度加上不超過第卷第一分冊中允許的焊縫 最大余高估計值。沒有余高的焊縫，象質(zhì)計放處的厚度是標(biāo)稱單壁厚度。在以上兩種情況下，襯環(huán)或襯帶均不作為焊縫厚度的一部分來考慮。 3.5.3 象質(zhì)計的放置 3.5.3.1 象質(zhì)計必須放在被檢工件的射線源側(cè)。當(dāng)透照布置或結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸妨礙象質(zhì)計放在工件或焊縫上時，象質(zhì)計可放在一個單獨的試塊(符合ASME第卷T-277.1要求)上。此試塊的放置應(yīng)* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:6 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDSpossible to the part being radiographed. 3.5.3.2 Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI(s) on the source side, the IQI(s) shall be placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. A lead letter “F” shall be placed adjacent to or on the IQI(s). 3.5.3.3 The IQI(s) shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular to the length of the weld. The identification number(s) and , when used, the lead letter “F” shall not be in the area of interest, exept when geometric configuration makes it impractical. 3.5.4 Number of IQIs 3.5.4.1 When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one IQI image shall appear on each radiograph. 3.5.4.2 If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire IQI, within the minimum/maximum allowable density ranges specified, then an additional IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph retaken. 3.5.4.3 For cylindrical components or spherical components where the source is placed at the center of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, spaced approximately 120deg. apart, are required. 3.5.5 IQI Sensitivity Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the essential wire of a wire IQI, which is essential indication of the image quality of the radiograph. The radiographs shall also display the identifying numbers and letters. If the essential wire do not show on any film in a multiple film technique, but do show in composite film viewing, interpretation shall be permitted only by composite film viewing. 3.6 “B” Mark A lead symbol “B”, with minimum dimensions of 13mm in height and 1.6mm in thickness, shall be attached to the back of each film holder during each exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the film. 3.7 Location Markers The image of the location markers for the coordination of the part with the film shall appear on the film without interfering with the interpretation, with such an arrangement that is evidence that complete coverage was obtained. Location markers shall be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder/cassette. 3.7.1 Single-Wall Viewing(a) Source Side Markers. Location markers shall be placed on the source side when radiographing the following: (1) flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or cornical components will be according to Fig. .2.盡可能靠近被檢的工件。 3.5.3.2 用手無法將象質(zhì)計放在射源 一側(cè)時，象質(zhì)計可放在與被檢工件接觸的膠片側(cè)。此時應(yīng)在象質(zhì)計上面或附近放一個鉛字“F”。 3.5.3.3 象質(zhì)計放在焊縫上，應(yīng)使線長與焊縫 長度方向垂直。 3.5.4 象質(zhì)計的數(shù)量 3.5.4.1 一次曝光使用一個或多個膠片暗盒時，每張底片上應(yīng)至少有一個象質(zhì)計的影像。 3.5.4.2 若有效評定區(qū)內(nèi)任一處的底片黑度超過線型象質(zhì)計應(yīng)顯最細(xì)絲附近黑度的-15%或+30%，即使在規(guī)定的最小最大允許黑度范圍內(nèi)，仍應(yīng)在每一超標(biāo)區(qū)域增加一個象質(zhì)計，重新攝片。 3.5.4.3 對于圓筒狀部件及球狀部件，射線源放在部件中心位置時，進行一次曝光，在工件上至少放三個象質(zhì)計，且要求大約每1200放一個。 3.5.5 IQI 靈敏度 射線照相方法應(yīng)有足夠靈敏度，要顯示出線型象質(zhì)計應(yīng)識別線徑。射線底片也應(yīng)顯示出識別數(shù)碼和字母。若多膠片法中的任何一張底片上均未顯示出應(yīng)顯線徑，但可用疊 合觀察法顯示出來。 3.6 “B”標(biāo)記 每個膠片暗盒后背應(yīng)貼附一個至少高13mm，厚1.6mm的鉛標(biāo)記“B”，以驗證曝光過程中是否有背散射作用到膠片上。 3.7 定位標(biāo)記 用于確定工件布片位置的定位標(biāo)記，其影象應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在膠片上，且不得妨礙評片，以此證明透檢范圍已完全覆蓋。定位標(biāo)記應(yīng)放在工件上，而不能放在暗袋或暗盒上。 3.7.1 單壁成像法 (a) 射線源側(cè)標(biāo)記，透照下列工件時，定位標(biāo)記須放在射源側(cè)： (1) 平板焊縫，圓筒或圓錐形工件縱縫，見圖2。* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:7 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDS Source side marker 射源側(cè)標(biāo)記 D: Source to material distance t: thickness of workpiece Fig. 2D t D: 射源至工件距離t: 工件厚度 圖2 (2) curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source-to-material” distance is less than the inside radius of the component; (3) curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source. (b) Film Side Markers. (1) Location markers shall be placed on the film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source-to-material” distance is greater than the inside radius. (2) As an alternative to source side placement in 3.7.1(a), location markers may be placed on the film side when the radiograhp shows coverage beyond the location markers to the extent demonstrated by Fig.3，ie Leff = (x + Mf + x)。 (2) 彎曲面或球面工件，其凹面朝著射線源，當(dāng)“射源至材料”距離小于工件內(nèi)半徑時； (3) 彎曲面或球面工件，其凸面朝著射線源。 (b) 膠片側(cè)標(biāo)記 (1) 當(dāng)透照凹面朝射源的曲面或球面工件，且“射源至材料”的距離大于工件內(nèi)半徑時，定位標(biāo)記應(yīng)放在膠片側(cè)。 (2) 定位標(biāo)記不按3.7.1(a)放在射源側(cè)而放在膠片側(cè)時，要求底片上顯示的有效范圍超過定位標(biāo)記之外一定長度(見圖3，即Leff = (x + Mf + x)。 定位標(biāo)記 Location marker D t x Mf x Fig. 3 圖3 x= (t / D) (Mf / 2)x= additional required coverage, beyond film side location markert= component thicknessMf= film side location marker interval D= source to component distancex= (t / D) (Mf / 2)x:在膠片定位標(biāo)記兩側(cè)要求附加覆蓋范圍t ：工件厚度Mf ：兩膠片側(cè)定位標(biāo)記之間的間距D：射源至工件表面距離 * Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:8 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDS (c) Either Side Markers. Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the “source-to-material” distance equals the inside radius of the component. 3.7.2 Double-wall viewing, at least one location marker shall be placed on the source side surface adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interest) for each radiograph. 3.8 A system shall be used to produce permanent identification on the radiograph traceable to the contract, component, weld seam, or part numbers， as appropriate. On the radiograph, the following shall be plainly and permanently included and in any case this information shall not obscure the area of interest. (1) * (Co name) (2) Job No. (3) Weld seam No. (4) Radiograph No. (5) Repair mark, if applicable (6) Location markings (7) Thickness of base material (8) Date of radiography 3.9 Facilities for Viewing of Radiographs 3.9.1 Illuminator used to view radiographs shall be verified that it has sufficient intensity to be visible for the essential wire diameter of IQI and can diffuse the light uniformly. When the radiograph is smaller than the viewing portion of illuminator or will include low density areas, the masks shall be provided to exclude any extraneous light. 3.9.2 In order to obtain the necessary brightness through the radiograph at least 30cd/m2, the viewing equipment shall have the following illumination: Table 6 (c) 兩側(cè)均可標(biāo)記射線照曲面或球面工件，其凹面朝著射源，且“射源至工件”距離等于工件內(nèi)半徑時，則標(biāo)記可放在射源側(cè)，也可以放在膠片側(cè)。 3.7.2 雙壁成像法 雙壁成像時，在射源側(cè)表面焊縫附近(或在有效區(qū)工件上)至少放一個定位標(biāo)記。 3.8 標(biāo)識 底片上應(yīng)有永久標(biāo)識，即合同號、部件號、焊縫號或工件號等。 下列永久性標(biāo)識應(yīng)明確無誤地顯示在底片上，且不得干擾有效評定區(qū)。(1) 南京寶色鈦業(yè)有限公司(*)； (2) 工件號； (3) 焊縫號 (4) 底片號； (5) 返修標(biāo)記； (6) 定位標(biāo)記； (7) 母材厚度； (8) 透照日期； 3.9 觀片設(shè)備 3.9.1 必須校驗觀片設(shè)備燈是否有足夠的光強觀看象質(zhì)計應(yīng)顯線徑，能否均勻地擴散燈光。當(dāng)?shù)灼∮谟^片燈屏尺寸或存在低黑度區(qū)域時，應(yīng)遮檔多余光線。 3.9.2 為使底片透過光強至少為30cd/m2,觀片燈應(yīng)有表6所示照明亮度。 表 6Radiograph DensityMinimum Illumination底片黑度最小照明亮度2.03,000cd/m22.03，000 cd/m23.030,000 cd/m23.030，000 cd/m24.0300,000 cd/m24.0300，0000 cd/m23.10 Viewing Room Subdued background lighting shall be provided such that the intensity shall not cause troublesome reflection, shadows or glares on the radiograph. 4. Check of Surface to be Radiographed Prior to starting of radiographic examination, the 3.10 觀片室 應(yīng)提供柔和的背景光線，光線亮度不得在底片上產(chǎn)生有干擾作用的反射、陰影或眩光。 4. 被檢表面檢查射線透照檢測前，RT人員必須* Co.,Ltd.焊縫檢驗規(guī)程4Rev.:0Page:9 of 14Title: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDSExaminer shall check or verify that the surface to be radiographed satisfies the following conditions: 4.1 The reinforcement of butt welded joints is within the value specified in Section Division 1 as shown in Table 7 Table 7 表7檢查或驗證被檢表面是否滿足下述條件： 4.1 對接焊縫余高應(yīng)在第卷第1分冊規(guī)定的數(shù)值內(nèi)。NominalThickness,in.(mm)Maximum Reinforcement,in. 最大余高in,(mm)Category B & C Butt weldsB 和C類對接焊縫Other Welds其它焊縫Less than 3/32(2.4)3/32(4.812.7)5/32(4.0)3/32(2.4)Over 1/2 to 1,incl. (12.725.4)3/16(4.8)3/32(2.4)Over 1 to 2,incl. (25.450.8)1/4(6.4)1/8(3.2)Over 2 to 3,incl. (50.876.2)1/4(6.4)5/32(4.0)Over 3 to4,incl. (76.2101.6)1/4(6.4)7/32(5.5)Over 4 to 5,incl. (101.6127)1/4(6.4)1/4(6.4)Over 5(127)5/16(7.9)5/16(7.9)GENERAL NOTES: (a) For double welded butt joints, this limitation on reinforcement given above shall apply separately to both inside and outside surfaces of the joint. (b) For single welded butt joints, the reinforcement limits given above shall apply to the outside surface of the joint only. (c) Thickness of weld reinforcement shall be based on the thickness of the thinner of the materials being joined. (d) The weld reinforcement thickness shall be determined from the higher of the abutting surfaces involved. (e) Weld reinf