Semantics語義學(xué)練習(xí).doc

Semantics（語義學(xué)）練習(xí)I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1. Semantics, one of the linguistic branches, can be simply defined as the study of meaning. 2.Reflected meaning refers to what is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression.3.Contextualism means that one can derive meaning from observable contexts which include situational context and the linguistic context.4.Semantic triangle is a theory proposed by Ogden and Richards in The Meaning of Meaning, which argues that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. It is mediated by concept.5.Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.6.Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i.e. the class name, is called superordinate, and the lower term the members, hyponyms.7. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze meaning.8.Antonyms can be categorized into three types, namely gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms, and converse antonyms or relational opposites.9.Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning. They are two related but different aspects of meaning.10. Predication analysis is a way to analyze sentence meaning. II.1. “Can I borrow your bike?” _ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes2. _ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis3. Relation between proposition by which A presupposes B, if for A to have a truth value, B must be true is called _.A. presupposition B. entailment C. contradiction D. synonymy4._ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense5.Words that are close in meaning are called _.A. homonyms B. polysemy C. hyponyms D. synonyms6. The relationship between “X buys something from Y.” and “Y sells something to X.” is _.A. complementary antonymyB. converse antonymyC. hyponymyD. gradable antonymy7. The relationship between “furniture” and “desk” is _.A. superordinate B. relational opposites C. hyponymy D. synonymy8. The sentence “John likes ice-cream” contains _ arguments.A. one B. two C. none D. three9. Bloomfield drew on _ psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.A. contextual B. conceptualist C. behaviorist D. naming10. Words that are opposite in meaning are _.A. synonyms B. hyponyms C. antonyms D. homophonesIII.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Identify the type of antonymy holding between the words in each of the pair.1) hot cold2) husband wife3) present absent2. How do you distinguish entailment and presupposition in terms of truth values?（星火p.108）I.1.Semantics 2.Reflected 3.situational 4.triangle 5.Synonymy 6.superordinate 7.Componential 8. complementary 9. reference 10. Predica