10-11四級真題答案.doc

2011年12月英語四級考試真題及參考答案Part I Writing【標準版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people cant get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in ones life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【文章點評】本文屬于話題類作文，只看題目 “Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生會覺得比較抽象，難以下手。細看題目說明中給出了提示，要求考生結(jié)合戒煙屢次不成功的幽默引語對該話題進行分析闡述?？傮w來說，這是一篇“中等偏上”的考生作文。本文先點題指出“堅強意志”的重要性；第二段從反面舉例闡述具體描寫了意志不堅定者的心理活動，闡述為什么會戒煙失??；最后從戒煙延伸到生活中的其他事情，并復述堅強意志的內(nèi)涵，點題收尾?？傮w上來看，文章思路清晰，采用了生動的比喻和形象的心理描寫，語言流暢，用語地道。但一些重復表達（如第二段和第三段中的weak will）顯得單調(diào)，可用shaky ones, weak-willed persons，the strong-willed等靈活表達。在備考中，多積累不同表達，相信會寫出更生動的文章。在論述上，敘述略顯羅嗦。第二段心理描寫過多，雖然流暢生動，但卻使這篇考場作文超過了規(guī)定字數(shù)，反而成為失分點，這一點要引以為戒?！靖叻职妗縉othing Succeeds Without a Strong WillAs we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved. There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.The ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite. Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.So how could we avoid the dilemma? Here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance. Concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as Emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.【文章點評】本次四級作文探討的話題是成功與毅力之間的關(guān)系，話題不算新，一般考生對此都比較熟悉，所以對考生來說難度不大。寫好這篇作文，需要抓住兩點，一是緊跟題目要求，即對上述幽默性的話語做出評論，二是在評論的基礎(chǔ)上要亮出自己的觀點。范文開頭第一句即一針見血地對上述幽默性話語做出總結(jié)性概括，即戒煙看似簡單實則很難，隨后指出該話語本質(zhì)上是一個悖論，并且以一個“水滴石穿”的俗語來指出困難所在，這句也是本文的一個亮點，體現(xiàn)作者在西方俗語方面豐富的知識儲備。第二段作者則進一步深入分析該話語，指出做某事在短期看來很容易，長期來看，恰恰相反，人們做事的結(jié)果也因此總是失敗，原因則在最后一句點出：缺乏毅力。第三段作者進一步給出了自己的觀點，告訴大家如何避免陷入這種兩難境地：首要條件即需要堅強的意志和長期的堅持。最后再以艾默生的一句名言 “沒人能夠騙你遠離你最終的成功，除非你自己承認失敗”來總結(jié)全文，切中主題，鏗鏘有力。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _.A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD)sees that others also follow them【答案】A) sticks to them in their daily life【解析】第一題的答案就在全文第一句。關(guān)鍵詞是not only. But also. ，關(guān)鍵句是The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. 這里的live up to 和 選項里的 stick to 屬于同義替換。2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect【答案】C) It is the basis of mutual trust【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是personal and professional，關(guān)鍵句是Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.結(jié)合緊接著的問句，我們很容易鎖定trust這個選項。3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we dont break any rules.D. so that we dont run into trouble.【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是identify the risks，關(guān)鍵句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible choices. 所以答案很明顯是A。4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentions.【答案】B. it is claimed to be unintentional.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是misconduct，關(guān)鍵句是But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misconduct. 和原文意義高度一致的，就是這個unintentional。因此答案是：B. it is claimed to be unintentional.5. What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other peoples advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.【答案】A. Avoid making excuses.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是fool oneself，關(guān)鍵句是To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test這里的watch out for 和 選項里的avoid屬于同義替換。所以答案是A。6. Those who take risks they regret later on _.A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end【答案】C. value immediate benefits most.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是regret later，關(guān)鍵句是Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits (whats in it for me)。很明顯，選項 value immediate benefits most 是正確答案。這里的value 和 focus on 屬于同義替換。7. According to the author, a cheater who doesnt get caught right away will _.A) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky【答案】A) pay more dearly【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是get caught，關(guān)鍵句是Those who dont get caught pay an even higher price. 這里的higher price 和選項里的more dearly 屬于同義替換。所以答案是A。8. Cheaters at exam dont care about their education, all they care about is how to steal a grade.【答案】steal a grade【解析】關(guān)鍵詞：care about關(guān)鍵句：Im not interested in what youre trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others.9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples honesty and good faith.【答案】honesty and good faith【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是rely on，關(guān)鍵句是We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal.【答案】the Watergate scandal【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是political and economic leaders，關(guān)鍵句是Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I cant figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M: Why dont you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?【答案】B) Go and ask the staff.【解析】這是一道事實細節(jié)題。從對話中可知，女士搞不清楚列車時刻表，男士建議她去售票窗口咨詢。ticket window售票窗口。12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean?【答案】A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.【解析】這是道推理判斷題，考查男士的言下之意以及虛擬語氣。could have done意為本可以做某事，但未做。從對話中可知，男士確實回家看了電視節(jié)目，但是他說道：I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. 我真希望自己當時能再晚點睡著，這樣我就可以看完整場節(jié)目了。說明他沒有看完整場節(jié)目就睡著了。13.W: Airport, please. Im running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if its not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【答案】B) She is worried about missing her flight.【解析】這是道場景題，略有難度。剛開始，我們還無法很快判斷出該對話發(fā)生的場景，很多同學一聽到airport可能會誤以為對話發(fā)生在機場，但如果我們繼續(xù)聽下去，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，該對話應(yīng)該發(fā)生在出租車上，因為女士說了句“請選擇最快的路”，而男士說“因為有球賽，所以到處都交通擁堵”可以幫助我們再次確認對話發(fā)生的場景。選項A不對，原文是說要挑the fastest way哪怕不是the most direct way；選項C也不準確，才剛上車，并沒有擁堵，司機只是提前說明因為球賽會碰到擁堵；選項D錯誤，女士是為了趕去乘飛機的，而不是去看球賽。14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.M: Thank you, but I dont eat shellfish. Im allergic to it.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?【答案】A) At a restaurant【解析】這是道場景題，較為簡單。從對話中可知，女士希望向男士推薦一道菜，從首句中即可推斷出該對話最有可能發(fā)生在餐館中，男士說，他過敏，不吃貝殼類海鮮，可以幫助我們再次確認對話發(fā)生的場景。15.W: Now one more question if you dont mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?M: Well, Id like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q: What do we learn about the man?【答案】A) He is being interviewed for a job.【解析】這是較為簡單的細節(jié)推理題。 從position, company這幾個關(guān)鍵詞中，我們就可以快速判斷出此題的場景為面試，因此男士應(yīng)該正在接受一場面試。 C選項錯誤，他想要銷售經(jīng)理的職位，但并不表示他本身就是銷售經(jīng)理。16.M: I dont think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I wont be surprised if you change your mind.Q: What does the woman imply?【答案】B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.【解析】這是推理判斷題，詢問女士的言下之意。最后一句，女士表示“你改變主意的話，我不會覺得奇怪”，可知，男士不太可能搬出宿舍。A選項是個干擾項，雖然該選項看上去意思和B選項差不多，但對話中并沒有提到男士想找一個更安靜的地方，他想搬離寢室，是為了更多的個人空間。17.M: Youre on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W: Yeah, youre right. I always start by choosing two boarder topics when Im doing a research paper.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【答案】D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.【解析】這是推理判斷題。從對話中可知，男士希望女士縮小主題的范圍，女士回答“你是對的?！闭f明女士會采納男士的建議，縮小主題。18.W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesnt it?M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?【答案】B) They didnt quite enjoy their last picnic.【解析】這是推理判斷題。beat一詞是個難點，beat本意有“打敗”的意思，這次的野餐打敗了上次，即這次比上次好，下文中，男士說“上次我們不得不呆在室內(nèi)，但這次天氣不錯?！笨梢栽俅未_認他們不喜歡上次的野餐，因此，正確答案為B。11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I cant figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M: Why dont you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?【答案】B) Go and ask the staff.【解析】這是一道事實細節(jié)題。從對話中可知，女士搞不清楚列車時刻表，男士建議她去售票窗口咨詢。ticket window售票窗口。12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean?【答案】A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.【解析】這是道推理判斷題，考查男士的言下之意以及虛擬語氣。could have done意為本可以做某事，但未做。從對話中可知，男士確實回家看了電視節(jié)目，但是他說道：I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. 我真希望自己當時能再晚點睡著，這樣我就可以看完整場節(jié)目了。說明他沒有看完整場節(jié)目就睡著了。13.W: Airport, please. Im running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if its not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【答案】B) She is worried about missing her flight.【解析】這是道場景題，略有難度。剛開始，我們還無法很快判斷出該對話發(fā)生的場景，很多同學一聽到airport可能會誤以為對話發(fā)生在機場，但如果我們繼續(xù)聽下去，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，該對話應(yīng)該發(fā)生在出租車上，因為女士說了句“請選擇最快的路”，而男士說“因為有球賽，所以到處都交通擁堵”可以幫助我們再次確認對話發(fā)生的場景。選項A不對，原文是說要挑the fastest way哪怕不是the most direct way；選項C也不準確，才剛上車，并沒有擁堵，司機只是提前說明因為球賽會碰到擁堵；選項D錯誤，女士是為了趕去乘飛機的，而不是去看球賽。14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.M: Thank you, but I dont eat shellfish. Im allergic to it.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?【答案】A) At a restaurant【解析】這是道場景題，較為簡單。從對話中可知，女士希望向男士推薦一道菜，從首句中即可推斷出該對話最有可能發(fā)生在餐館中，男士說，他過敏，不吃貝殼類海鮮，可以幫助我們再次確認對話發(fā)生的場景。15.W: Now one more question if you dont mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?M: Well, Id like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q: What do we learn about the man?【答案】A) He is being interviewed for a job.【解析】這是較為簡單的細節(jié)推理題。 從position, company這幾個關(guān)鍵詞中，我們就可以快速判斷出此題的場景為面試，因此男士應(yīng)該正在接受一場面試。 C選項錯誤，他想要銷售經(jīng)理的職位，但并不表示他本身就是銷售經(jīng)理。16.M: I dont think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I wont be surprised if you change your mind.Q: What does the woman imply?【答案】B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.【解析】這是推理判斷題，詢問女士的言下之意。最后一句，女士表示“你改變主意的話，我不會覺得奇怪”，可知，男士不太可能搬出宿舍。A選項是個干擾項，雖然該選項看上去意思和B選項差不多，但對話中并沒有提到男士想找一個更安靜的地方，他想搬離寢室，是為了更多的個人空間。17.M: Youre on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W: Yeah, youre right. I always start by choosing two boarder topics when Im doing a research paper.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【答案】D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.【解析】這是推理判斷題。從對話中可知，男士希望女士縮小主題的范圍，女士回答“你是對的。”說明女士會采納男士的建議，縮小主題。18.W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesnt it?M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?【答案】B) They didnt quite enjoy their last picnic.【解析】這是推理判斷題。beat一詞是個難點，beat本意有“打敗”的意思，這次的野餐打敗了上次，即這次比上次好，下文中，男士說“上次我們不得不呆在室內(nèi)，但這次天氣不錯?！笨梢栽俅未_認他們不喜歡上次的野餐，因此，正確答案為B。Section BPassage OneWhile Gail Obcamp, an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed. Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form? Were they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her? Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful. Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes to enhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words. Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of a minority group in North America. Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings. Here are some examples. In the deaf culture of North America, Many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.【聽力點睛】本文主要介紹不同文化中都是如何表示尊重的，以及如何利用這點來避免跨文化交流中的誤會產(chǎn)生。一開始先用一位美國藝術(shù)家Gail Obcamp做演講的故事來舉例子，引出對閉上眼睛這樣一種動作不同的理解；繼而發(fā)表了作者的看法：在和不同文化的人交流的時候，如果你懂得其他文化中是如何表達尊重的，可以避免誤會；接著又是例子，是關(guān)于北美洲聾啞人是如何用動作來交流的。還有一些國家，對同樣的手勢會有截然不同的理解，進一步驗證了作者的觀點。做這篇題目的重點在于能夠迅速拎出來作者的觀點。Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What did Obcamps speech focus on?A) Characteristics of Japanese artistsB) Some features of Japanese cultureC) The art of Japanese brush paintingD) The uniqueness of Japanese art【答案】C) The art of Japanese brush painting27. Why do Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech?A) To calm themselves downB) To enhance concentrationC) To show their impatienceD) To signal their lack of interest【答案】B) To enhance concentration.28. What does the speaker try to explain?A) How listeners in different cultures show respectB) How speakers can win approval from the audienceC) How speakers can misunderstand the audienceD) How different Western and Eastern art forms are【答案】A) How listeners in different cultures show respect.Passage TwoChris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company. He is soon going to have an evaluation interview with his supervisor and the personnel director to discuss the work he has done in the past year. Salary, promotion and plans for the coming year will also be discussed at the meeting. Chris has made several changes for his Division in the past year. First, he bought new equipment for one of the departments. He has been particularly happy about the new equipment because many of the employees have told him how much it has helped them. Along with improving the equipment, Chris began a program to train employees to use equipment better and do simple maintenance themselves. The training saved time for the employees and money for the company. Unfortunately, one serious problem developed during the year. Two employees that Chris hired were stealing, and he had to fire them. Chris knows that a new job for a purchasing and maintenance manager for the whole company will be open in a few months, and he would like to be promoted to the job. Chris knows, however, that someone else wants that new job, too. Kim is in charge of purchasing and maintenance in another Division of the company. She has also made several changes over the year. Chris knows that his boss likes Kims work, and he expects that his work will be compared with hers.【聽力點睛】這篇文章講述了Chris在職場上的一次經(jīng)歷。Chris在Taxlong公司負責采購和維修設(shè)備。他即將要和領(lǐng)導針對過去一年的工作進行一個回顧總結(jié)，他心里希望可以得到晉升。在過去這一年里，他也做了不少貢獻，買了許多能夠提高效率的設(shè)備，但是他手下有兩個職員因為偷竊而被開除了。除此以外，公司里面還有一個女同事Kim，是他這次晉級的競爭對手，她也一樣很優(yōu)秀。這篇文章沒有什么生詞，難度較低。題目中考察細節(jié)問題比較多