高中英語語法專題 名詞性從句講解與練習(xí).doc

五星級名校沖刺第一品牌 一對一個性化學(xué)科優(yōu)化學(xué)案鷹擊長空基礎(chǔ)不丟一、概述在復(fù)合句中具有名詞的性質(zhì)的作主語、表語、同位語、賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因此，我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主語從句)The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表語從句）They have no idea at all where he has gone.（同位語從句）Do you remember how he came?（賓語從句）二、主語從句(subject clauses)1、概述在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether，關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。That you dont like him is none of my business. What he said is true. Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.2、從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。從屬連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，它們在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略。Whether she will come or not is still a question. That they will go is certain.Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.3、it作形式主語引導(dǎo)主語從句。如果主語從句太長，為避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，我們可用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。That引導(dǎo)的主語從句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）It is/was +形容詞+that 從句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 顯而易見（2）It is/was +名詞+that 從句 Its a pity that 遺憾的是 Its a fact that 事實(shí)是（3）It +不及物動詞+that 從句 It seems that 似乎 It turns out that結(jié)果（4）It is/was +過去分詞+that 從句Its reported that 據(jù)報道 Its believed that 據(jù)認(rèn)為 It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.Its strange that he didnt come yesterday. 4、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語或定語，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. What you have done might do harm to other people. What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. Who made the long distance call is not important. 5、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。連接副詞有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)主語從句時，它們在從句中擔(dān)任狀語，不能省略。此類主語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為以it作形式主語的句子。Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone. Where she has gone is not known yet.When they will start has not been decided yet. 三、表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時，在口語中可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.2、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為“是否”。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.The question is whether we need more ice cream3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work.Thats what he is worrying about. 4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.5、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。It looked as if it was going to snow.Thats because we never thought of it.四、同位語從句1、概述用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact，idea，news， belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，instruction，reason，question等之后，對這些名詞進(jìn)行說明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連詞that，whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞what, which, who, 以及關(guān)系副詞how，when，where，why等。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.I have no idea what you mean.2、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我沒有聽到會議被推遲的消息。3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。The question who should be the first has not been settled.You can have no idea what he said.4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。I have no idea when he will be back.They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.五、賓語從句(object clauses)1、概述用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語相同。賓語從句可以由從屬連詞that whether、if，關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which和關(guān)系副詞when、where、how、why等引導(dǎo)。He said he wanted to go to town. I hope youll be better soon.He asked me whether she was coming. 2、作動詞賓語 （1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，在句中不做成分，在口語和非正式文體中常省去。I think (that) hell be right in a few days. I wish （that） she would understand me.（2）由關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在句中作成分，即主語、賓語、表語和定語，關(guān)系代詞在句中不能省略。 A computer can only do what you have instructed it to doDo you know whom they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was. He cant tell which method they will use for the experiment.（3）關(guān)系副詞when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句。關(guān)系副詞 when，where，how，why 既有疑問意義，又起連接作用，而且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)各種狀語，分別表時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. Will you tell me how I can get to the station？ Do you know why he said that?（4）由從屬連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。I dont know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意幫我。（5）動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。動詞如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，賓語從句前可以有一個間接賓語，這個賓語有時可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. (me不可省略)She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on. (us可省略)3、作介詞賓語It depends on whether he is coming or not. I was curious as to what we could do next.4、作形容詞賓語。No one can be sure what man will look like in a million yearsI am not certain whether I have met him before.5、it充當(dāng)形式賓語，真正的賓語-賓語從句后置。正如我們常用it充當(dāng)形式主語代替主語從句一樣，我們也常用it用作形式賓語代替賓語從句，把真正的賓語從句后置。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略。有下列幾種情況：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand等動詞接復(fù)合賓語（賓語賓補(bǔ)）時，要用it作形式賓語。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on timeShe thinks it wrong that he didnt answer the phone（2）用于“動詞+賓語+介詞短語”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.We took it for granted that he would come.6、否定轉(zhuǎn)移如果主句的謂語動詞是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主語是第一人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，其后的賓語從句如含有否定意義，一定要把否定詞移到主句謂語上，從句謂語動詞用肯定形式。I dont think he can do it better than me.I dont believe he treated the child like that.7、時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)與語序。 在賓語從句中只能用陳述句語序，時態(tài)呼應(yīng)上要遵循以下三條原則：（1）如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的謂語可根據(jù)意思的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？They have no idea at all where he has gone（2）如果主句謂語是一般過去時，賓語從句要用表示過去的某一時態(tài)。He said he would come to see us the next day.I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. （3）如果賓語從句是表示客觀事實(shí)、真理等，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，賓語從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時。Dick asked Lucy how old she isThe teacher said the sun rises in the east六、高考考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)(1)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 1. 常見的連接詞如下： that。that從句為一個句意完整的陳述句，that 不能省略，沒有具體的漢語意思，不充當(dāng)句子成分。 whether。whether從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”。 注意：if 只可以連接動詞(discuss除外)后的賓語從句。即：確定意思是“是否”的前提下，名詞性從句的連接詞優(yōu)先選用whether。特殊疑問詞。特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為特殊疑問詞本來的意思，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。 2名詞性從句中難點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)的連接詞： where 可表示抽象意義，“的地方，點(diǎn)”；when 可表示“的時候”。 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，可視上下文理解為the 名詞that如：whatthe thing that/anything that；whatthe place that；whatthe time that；whatthe person that固定句型：A is to B what C is to D 小結(jié)：名詞性從句不完整時，如缺主語、賓語、表語時，用what引導(dǎo)。 whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，whoeveranybody who whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，whateveranything that whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，whicheverany名詞that Whoever (Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished.考點(diǎn)(2)名詞性從句中的語氣 在It is necessary/natural/important/strangethat從句中，從句中的謂語動詞用“should原形動詞”表虛擬語氣，且should可省略。 表示“建議、命令、要求”意義的動詞，后接that從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should原形動詞”，且should可省略。 表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后接that從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。這類名詞有：advice，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。 考點(diǎn)(3)名詞性從句中的時態(tài) 主句時態(tài)為過去時，從句時態(tài)為過去的某一時態(tài)；主句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句時態(tài)視具體情況而定。 考點(diǎn)(4) 形式主語和形式賓語it 主語從句作句子主語，為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，避免頭重腳輕，用it 作形式主語；同理，賓語從句作賓語，為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，避免句子中間臃腫，用it 作形式賓語，使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主語從句或賓語從句則放在句子的最后面?？键c(diǎn)(5)引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別 what既有引導(dǎo)主語從句的作用，同時又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)，這時what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that等，常譯成“所的(東西、事情、話等)”；而that只起連接作用，本身無實(shí)際意義，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，但that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首時，不能省略that。如： What we cant get seems better than what we have. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.可以攻玉經(jīng)典例題1. _(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)2. The news _(房價將要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)3. When the news came_, he decided to serve in the army. (break)當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)的消息傳來, 他決定去參軍.4. _by one company doesnt necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself. (lay)你被一個公司解雇并不一定意味著你沒有出路來養(yǎng)活你自己.突飛猛進(jìn)過手訓(xùn)練1. _ ought to turn off the lights. (whoever) 最后離開房間的人應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。2. It is still unknown _ to visit her sick father. (set)她是否能省出點(diǎn)時間去看望她生病的父親還不清楚。 3. It will make a difference if we realize _ to live life to the fullest. (important)如果我們意識到充實(shí)生活是多么重要的話就會有所作為。 4. _ is that they are all independent. (common)他們所擁有的共同之處是他們都很獨(dú)立。 5. _ is that it offers more personal services. (what)使這家商店不同的是它提供了更多的個人服務(wù)。6. Language experts hold the view _ the development of language. (influence)語言專家認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言對語言的發(fā)展有很大的影響。7. Tom, dont you realize that is _? (be)湯姆，難道你沒有意識到這就是你的錯誤所在嗎？ 8. Water, which seems so simple and common is _. (make)看似簡單而普通的水卻是使生命成為可能的東西。9. After decoration, our classroom is not _. (what)裝修后，我們的教室不再和過去一樣。 10. Mary wrote an article on _ to win the game. (fail)瑪麗寫了篇關(guān)于我們這場比賽沒有贏的原因的文章。11. These wild flowers are so special that I will do _ . (save)這些野花如此特別,我將竭盡所能地去挽救他們。 12. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _. (what)正確地選擇字典取決于你要用它做什么。 6. Well never know _ for us in the ten years to come. (what)我們永遠(yuǎn)不會知道在即將到來的10后年我們的生活會發(fā)生什么。 7. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _.(what) 他自豪地說出他在比賽中發(fā)揮的作用卻沒有提他的隊(duì)友們所做的。 8. That morning Jim asked me _ with my parents the night before. (argue)那天上午吉姆問我, 我和父母在前一天晚上爭論什么。9. To get a full appreciation of_ we must turn first to some recent human inventions, (mean)要透徹理解這句話的意義，我們應(yīng)先回顧一下人類最近的幾項(xiàng)發(fā)明。10. _as men has been proved by a study. (word)女性用的詞匯是男性的兩倍，這已經(jīng)得到了一個研究的證實(shí)。11. Smart phones enable workers to keep in contact in_ impractical before.(think)智能手機(jī)讓上班族們有更多他們以前認(rèn)為是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的方式保持聯(lián)系。12. A great sense of balance is to stand on a Swiss Ball. (take)站在瑞士球上需要很好的平衡感。13. The stability of a society depends on the extremes of human behavior.（respond）一個社會的穩(wěn)定取決于該社