2016 年12 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考前點(diǎn)撥輔導(dǎo)義.doc

2016 年6 月12 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考前點(diǎn)撥輔導(dǎo)講義主講人：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 何凱文一、Listening Comprehension：Part 1.News report & LectureNews reports:Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will heartwo or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Ugandas capital.聽(tīng)力原文：Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in centralNairobi.2. A) On Christmas Eve.C) During a security check.B) Just before midnight.D) In the small hours of the morning.聽(tīng)力原文：Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during asecurity check.聽(tīng)力原文：Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab saidit was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from theKenyan capital.The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to theUgandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but itexploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on theground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Ugandas police chief had warned of possible Christmas-timeattacks by Somali rebels.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. When did the incident occur?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.B) It is known for the quality of its goods.C) It remains competitive in the recession.D) It will expand its online retail business.聽(tīng)力原文：Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the companys decision to call inadministrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token 1 failed.4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.C) Cut its DVD publishing business.D) Sell the business for one pound.聽(tīng)力原文：Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the companys decision to call inadministrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token 1 failed.聽(tīng)力原文：Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street. Its been in business nearly a century.Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the companys decision to call in administrators after anattempt to sell the business for a token 1 failed.The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britains slide towardrecession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been in trouble for years.Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition fromsupermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers.Many of the store groups 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs. Some profitable areas such as theDVD publishing business will survive.3. What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5. A) All taxis began to use meters.B) All taxis got air conditioning.C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.聽(tīng)力原文：Thats due in part to the removal of many of the capitals old-fashioned black and white taxis.6. A) A low interest loan scheme.C) Taxi passengers complaints.B) Environmentalists protests.D) Permission for car advertising.聽(tīng)力原文：After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was setup with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars.7. A) There are no more irregular practices.B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.D) New legislation protects consumer rights.聽(tīng)力原文：The idea has proved popular with customers they can now travel in air-conditioned comfortand because the new cabs are metered, they dont have to argue over fares.聽(tīng)力原文：Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, but also for itsair pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement.Thats due in part to the removal of many of the capitals old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these datedback to the 1960s and 70s and were in a poor state of repair.After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up withthree Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900 for old ones to bediscarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.The idea has proved popular with customers they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort andbecause the new cabs are metered, they dont have to argue over fares. Banks and car manufacturers are gladfor the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheelof new cars, although there have been a few complaints about switching from black and white to a plain whitecolour.5. What change took place in Cairo recently?6. What helped bring about the change?7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?參考答案 ：1. B 2. C 3. A 4.D 5.D 6. A 7. CLecture：Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. Therecordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16. A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.B) They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C) They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.聽(tīng)力原文：Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker fortodays session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has writtennumerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr.Miller:17. A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B) The feeling of not being important any more.C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.聽(tīng)力原文： grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for theMypast 60 years.18. A) The loss of identity and self-worth.B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D) The possession of wealth and high respect.聽(tīng)力原文：For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” areat times not so pleasant,for this period can mean the decline of not only ones health but the loss of identity and self-worth.19. A) The urgency of pension reform.B) Medical care for senior citizens.C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.聽(tīng)力原文：Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform,medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that mustbe addressed, Id like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the otherprograms mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group,and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.Moderator:Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for todays session,Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articlesand books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:Dr. Miller:Thank you for that introduction. Today, Id like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which Ifeel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents werewell into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves.My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years.Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that hehad pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give uptheir independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in mygrandfathers own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasntimportant anymore.For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for thisperiod can mean the decline of not only ones health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies,this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence.Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in theEnglish language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if youcame home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!”Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medicalcare, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must beaddressed, Id like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the otherprograms mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group,and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all, Id like to talk about . . .16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Millers articles and books?17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Millers grandfather?18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?19. What is the focus of Dr. Millers speech?Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.20. A) It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.B) It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.C) It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.D) It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.聽(tīng)力原文：It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment betweenconception and a childs second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.21. A) They will live longer.C) They get along well with people.B) They get better pay.D) They develop much higher IQs.聽(tīng)力原文：And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourishedhave higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”22. A) Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.B) Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a childs life.C) Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition.D) Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.聽(tīng)力原文：Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a largenumber of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy ResearchInstitute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishmentbetween conception and a childs second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth anddevelopment of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hungerallows children to develop both physically and mentally.Says IFPRIs Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer.And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higherwages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”Ruel says that means the productivity of a nations future generations depends in a large part on the first1,000 days of life.“This is why were all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition. After that, thedamage is done and is highly irreversible.”The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades. But Ruelsays scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.“Its not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we dont have the politicians on board,and also the.people that implement programs in the field.”Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board. Manymajor donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care andencourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a childs life.Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large numberof volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So they were providingmore food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feedtheir young children.”Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But she says nations willnot make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.20. What is the experts conclusion regarding childrens undernourishment in their earliest days of life?21. What does IFPRIs Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.B) The huge volume of its annual sales.C) The service it provides to its customers.D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.聽(tīng)力原文：Id like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service.24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.C) Those that require very careful handling.D) Services involving a personal element.聽(tīng)力原文：Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have ataste or smell component.25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.B) Those who have to work long hours.C) Those who are used to online transactions.D) Those who dont mind paying a little more.聽(tīng)力原文: Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and thosewithout their own transport.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.Id like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There arecertain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply dont work.Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obviousexamples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio,as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another goodproduct for selling online.Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goodsare paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyers computer. There are no postage ordelivery costs, so prices can be kept low.Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the