初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)講解.doc

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)講解一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示句子之中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（或執(zhí)行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。eg：Chineseis spoken by many people.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式和疑問(wèn)式均由助動(dòng)詞或第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisare及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg：Im asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：waswere及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg：This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：willshall be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg：More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：amisare being及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.Eg：A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：havehas been及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?，能用主?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。eg：1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。2).This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打2.沒不要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。Eg:1).The time-table has been changed .時(shí)間表已變動(dòng)了 2).China was founded in 1949.3.不愿意說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，其目的是為了使語(yǔ)言得體、圓滑等。在這種情況下，有時(shí)常用一些句式，如It is said that（據(jù)說(shuō)），It is reported that （據(jù)報(bào)道），It is well known that （眾所周知 ）It is supposed that（據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō) ） ，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議等等。eg:1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.據(jù)說(shuō)她要 嫁給一個(gè)外國(guó)人。 2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）4.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Eg:1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。2).his book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。3）.Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。注：使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況口訣：動(dòng)作誰(shuí)做的不知道，誰(shuí)說(shuō)出的不必要。接受動(dòng)作需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最為妙。四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2.把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be過(guò)去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。He plant trees in sping .Trees are planted in sping by him .主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口訣：賓語(yǔ)提前主語(yǔ)變，原主變賓by后見，時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中“by+賓語(yǔ)”的省略：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式中的“by+賓語(yǔ)”表示及物動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，但是在遇到以下情況時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者“by+賓語(yǔ)”常常被省略。1. 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不確定時(shí)Eg:1.Paper is made from wood . 2.Many people are killed in traffic accidents every day .2. 不必表明動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)Eg：1.English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages . 2.Football is played in most school .3. 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者為一般大眾時(shí).Eg:1.Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area . 2.He is made the monitor of the class today .五主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：談?wù)剮追N特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1.當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（唯一賓語(yǔ)）”時(shí)，把賓語(yǔ)提到句首做主語(yǔ)，然后把謂語(yǔ)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，最后把原主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橘e格至于介詞by之后。實(shí)際運(yùn)用中by短語(yǔ)常被省略。Eg：1.We finish our homework in the evening .2.Our homework is finished in the evening .2. 當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)(表示人的)+直接賓語(yǔ)（表示物的）”時(shí)，一般把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，而直接賓語(yǔ)不變，這樣句子顯得自然些。如果把直接賓語(yǔ)作為主語(yǔ)，那么在間接賓語(yǔ)前應(yīng)加介詞to或for.Eg:1.She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主動(dòng)) I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被動(dòng))A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被動(dòng))2.My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主動(dòng)) I was bought a watch yesterday. (被動(dòng))A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被動(dòng))注意：1).間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for的動(dòng)詞，buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drow ,cook ,keep ,make，offer 等。2).間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to的動(dòng)詞，bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return等3.當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”把主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)，而原句里的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在就變成被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)了eg：1.They asked me to help them. I was asked to help them. 2.Now people can use computers to help them .comouter can be used to help them . 3.We must keep the room clean . The room must be kept clean . 4.We saw them coming over. They were seen coming over. 如果復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)是由“賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式前的to要補(bǔ)出來(lái)。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel），二聽（hear，listen to ）三讓（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但動(dòng)詞為let時(shí)，to仍可省略。Eg:1.The story made us laugh . We were made to laugh by the story. 2.The teacher let the little boy go home . The little boy was let (to) go home .4.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。Eg： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once. It should be done at once.The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.5.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但許多“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞或介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉。Eg：1.He turned on the radio just now. The radio was turned on just now .2.They take good care of the babies . The babies are taken care of.3.The look after the babies . The babies are looked after .6.含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，有兩種改寫方法：1）.用it做被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句保持不變.2）.將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，從句的謂語(yǔ)部分變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ健＿@時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不定式所用的形式要與原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句保持一致。Eg：They say that our teacher is busy these days . It is said that our teacher is busy these days.Our teacher is said to be busy these days.7.如果原句賓語(yǔ)有后置定語(yǔ)修飾，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)把后置修飾語(yǔ)隨同賓語(yǔ)一同提前。Eg：we clean the windows of our classroom every day . The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day.8.如果原句主語(yǔ)不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而是所使用的物質(zhì)材料，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要用介詞with.Eg：smoke filled the room. The room was filled with smoke .9.by短語(yǔ)的取舍：1）.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是people ,one ,we ,they 等泛指性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，by短語(yǔ)通常省略。Eg：we often speak English in our English class. English is often spoken (by us ) in our English class2).當(dāng)主動(dòng)句中是who ，what ，which等做主語(yǔ)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后句首的疑問(wèn)詞在句 中的成分由原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)注意介詞by不能丟。Eg：who wrote the book ? who was the book written by ?3).需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)不能省略。Eg：uncle wang made the kite . The kite was made by uncle wang .六可與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用的介詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，常用介詞by引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，實(shí)際上同被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用的介詞除by以外還有很多。1.表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是為誰(shuí)或?yàn)楹文康亩l(fā)生的要用介詞for。(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于被用于做)Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you . 2.Stamps are used for sending letters .2.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)出者所使用的工具或強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)用介詞withEg：1.The trees were cut down with a knife . 2.The bottle is filled with orange .3.表示“被作為(發(fā)生)”應(yīng)用介詞as （be used as 被作為使用）Eg：English is used as a first language in Canada.4.在be well-known 后應(yīng)用介詞to，表示“被所熟知”Eg：The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .5.在be made 后可用多個(gè)介詞表示不同的意義1).be made in 表示“在某地制造”Eg：This Tv set is made in shanghai .2).be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“由制成的”，但be made of 強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成品上可以看出原材料， be made from則表示從制成品上看不出原材料。Eg：1.This table is made of wood . 2.This kind of paper is made from wood.3).be made by 由（人）制造的Eg：The cake is made by my mother .4).be made into 表示“被制成.” make into 把制成（主動(dòng)形式）Eg：Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯。5）.be made after 表示“仿照.制成”Eg：This machine is made after theirs .這臺(tái)機(jī)器是仿照他們的機(jī)器制成的。6).be made up of 表示“由.組成”Eg：Our class is made up of fifty students .七不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）時(shí)（eg：have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to）不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Eg:How long did the meeting last ?2.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是look ,become ,get ,turn等連系動(dòng)詞，其后的成分多為形容詞或名詞詞組作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 Eg：he looks fine .3.賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞或與主語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞修飾的名詞詞組時(shí)。Eg：1.They taught themselves English . 2.We should learn each other .4.賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)。Eg：1.The students hope to visit the Great wall . 2.He has finished reading the book .5.賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞在意義上為不可分割的固定搭配時(shí)。Eg：1.He caught a bad cold last week.2.You shouldnt make faces in class .6.賓語(yǔ)是表示數(shù)量，長(zhǎng)度，大小，處所或方位的詞時(shí)。Eg:1.They reached shanghai early in the next morning .2.He left Beijing by bus yesterday .7.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Eg:Today all of us live a happy life .8.賓語(yǔ)是行為者（人體）的某一部分或人體的器官時(shí)。Eg: 1.He could hardly believe his eyes . 2.Mr Hu shook his head and said nothing .9.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是某一組織機(jī)構(gòu)或機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體名稱時(shí)。Eg：The man joined the army in1957.八.主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)含義在英語(yǔ)中，主動(dòng)意義用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示，被動(dòng)意義用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示。但在以下幾種情況下，被動(dòng)意義卻用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示：一少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)它們作不及物動(dòng)詞且用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)，可用一般時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其主語(yǔ)大多為事物。常見的有：sell(“銷售好)”read(好讀”)，write(“好寫”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last，tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、eg:1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly.這些票太貴了，銷路不好。2). Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎?你的鋼筆更好寫。3).The pen writes well.這筆好寫。4).The door wont open.門開不下來(lái)。5).The clothes wash easily. 這衣服很好洗。6). The door wont open. 這門打不開。注意：這類動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義有三個(gè)明顯特征1).與not，hardly等否定意義的詞連用.2).常與副詞well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等連用表示效果或程度。3）句中的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者。2 某些表示感覺，狀態(tài)，特征的系動(dòng)詞eg：feel, look, sound, smell, taste 等系動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)是物。 Eg:1.The cloth feels soft. 這布料摸起來(lái)很軟。 2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好。 3.Good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口3 動(dòng)詞need, want, require等表示“需要”或“應(yīng)該”的意義時(shí)， 后用動(dòng)詞 ing的主動(dòng)式或動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)形式表示變動(dòng)意義.。Eg：1).The floor needs sweeping.地板須拖一下。2).The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired). 那輛舊自行車需要修理。 3).Your hair needs cutting你的頭發(fā)需要理了。 4).The wall requires painting這墻壁需要粉刷了。四“主語(yǔ)+be worth doing”句式中ving形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義 Eg：1.This book is well worth reading. 2.The film is well worth seeing 五不定式以主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的情況主要有以下兩種：1).1.不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾的詞形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 Eg：1.I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情要告訴你。2.Is there anything else to say? 還有別的什么事情要說(shuō)嗎？2).在 “主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞+ adj. + to do” 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作為主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，與主語(yǔ)之間形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。（形容詞通常為easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, heavy等）Eg:1.The place is easy to find in the map.2.I find the problem difficult to solve.3.The book is difficult to understand .4.The water in the river is unfit to drink.這條河里的水不宜飲用。 5.His speech isnt easy to understand.他的演說(shuō)不易理解3).在tooto do sth 和enoughto do 句型中，如果主語(yǔ)是“物”而不是“人”，則不定式部分是用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)的被動(dòng)含義.Eg:1.The table is too heavy (for me)to carry . 2.The dress is good enough to wear at the party .六表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Eg：How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？七介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義 表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相 應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1.“under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。Eg：The building is under construction( is being constructed).2.“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過(guò)、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長(zhǎng)莫及），beyond ones control（無(wú)法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。Eg:The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過(guò)、高于”。Eg:His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4. “for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。Eg:That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5. “in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印 刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。Eg:The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6.“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。Eg:Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7.“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。Eg:The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8.“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過(guò)”。Eg:He took two days off within the teachers permission八非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。1.在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義， 其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Eg:The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2.形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Eg:The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一 名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Eg:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)4.在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Eg:This problem is difficult to work out （可看作to work out省略了for me）.5.在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Eg:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)， 重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在物。Eg:1.There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰(shuí) lost time不明確。）九教材中與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的一些詞組:get dressed(穿衣) get hurt(受傷) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉) get married(結(jié)婚)be covered with (被覆蓋) be made of （由制成）（看得出原材料） be made by （由某人制造） be made from （由制成）（看不出原材料） be made in （由某地制造） be used for （被用于） be used as （被當(dāng)作使用） be used to do （被用于做.）it is said that（據(jù)說(shuō)） it is hoped that（希望）It is well known that.(總所周知.) 初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一單項(xiàng)選擇1.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found 2.English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken 3.This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4.This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5.New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used6.Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep 7.-Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold 8.A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building9.The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left10.Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need11.His new book_ next month. A.will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published12.Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking13.These papers_yet. A.have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written14.The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt15.-My shoes are worn out.- A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended? 16._ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are 17._ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do18.Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held19.Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by20.Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am21.The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water22.The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow23.The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended24.The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt25.The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown 26.The old stone bridge _ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild27.Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept28.The pot _ for _ hot water. A.used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep29.Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow30.The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built 31.Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung32.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing33.The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled 34.Old people must be looked after well and _ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to 35.Old people must _. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well36.Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care37.They were_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens38.These walls_stone. A.are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into39.Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said40.The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown41.The coat_her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to42._ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given43.Good care_such things.A.should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of44.She will_good care_. A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you45.The teach