虛擬語氣的特殊用法

精選文庫虛擬語氣的特殊用法江蘇省鄭集高級中學(xué)李博雅一在動(dòng)詞suggest(提議,提出,建議), advise(勸告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提議), require(要求), insist(堅(jiān)持, 堅(jiān)決主張), command(命令), request(請求, 懇求), desire(請求), prefer(提出)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句的謂語，這些詞的過去分詞作表語時(shí)主語從句的謂語，以及這些詞的名詞同位語從句、作主語時(shí)的表語從句的謂語常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣, should可以省略。如：1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize.2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf.4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（賓語從句）= The generals order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（表語從句）= It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（主語從句）= The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（同位語從句）5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.（賓語從句）= My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.（表語從句）= It is suggested that he (should) be careful.（主語從句）= I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.（同位語從句）二在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句的謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作用過去式(常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could或would)；過去的動(dòng)作用過去完成式。wish用過去式，從句中與wished同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或在將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作仍用過去式(也常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could或would)；在wished之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成式。如：1. How I wish I could fly to the moon.2. He wishes I had come yesterday.3. I wished he could come to give me a hand.4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier.三在以 in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。有時(shí)也可用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，特別是從句為否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly.2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move?3. She stood away so that I should enter first.4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train.四在had better表示建議或勸告時(shí)，其后的從句謂語用過去式構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。如：I had better you came yesterday.五在“It is (high / about) time that-clause.”句型中，從句的謂語常用過去式或should加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。如：1. It is time we had / should have lunch.2. Its (high) time I went and picked up / should go and pick up my little girl from school.六在“would/had rather that-clause，would sooner that-clause”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語用虛擬語氣?，F(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作用過去式，過去的動(dòng)作用過去完成式。如：1. I would much rather it was forgotten.2. Would you rather I did it?3. I had rather you did it.4. Id rather you knew that now, than afterwards.5. I would rather they had gone there too.6. I could go myself but would sooner you went. 七在“would rather do sth. than that-clause”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句謂語，應(yīng)用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。如：I would rather lose a dozen of cherry trees than that you should tell a lie.八在“would rather that-clause than that-clause”結(jié)構(gòu)中，兩從句的謂語用虛擬語氣?，F(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作用過去式，過去的動(dòng)作用過去完成式。如：1. I would rather you showed me with your hearts than you promised me with your words.2. I would rather you had done it than Tom had. 九在as if, as though, even if, even though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語常用虛擬語氣(現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用過去式，過去的動(dòng)作用過去完成式)。如：1. The old machine operates as if it were / was a new one.(現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作)2. Even though she had been very busy, she would have helped us.(過去的動(dòng)作)十含有介詞without, but for, except for短語的句子，謂語常用虛擬語氣，現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用“should或would + 動(dòng)詞原形”，過去的動(dòng)作用“should或would have + 過去詞”。如：1. But for Chairman Mao, we should at least be wandering about in the darkness.2. Without your advice, I would have failed.十一在含有“if it were not for + 賓語”或“were it not for + 賓語”及“But that + 從句”表示的假設(shè)條件從句時(shí)，主句謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，現(xiàn)在的情況用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式 + 動(dòng)詞原形”，過去的情況用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式 + 動(dòng)詞的完成式”。如：1. Were it not for the leadership of our Party, we could not live a happy life.2. Had it not been for the leadership of our Party, we should have failed. (屬were it not for的過去完成式)3. But that he saw it, he could not believe it.4. If it were not for the leadership of the Party, we should fail.5. If it had not been for the help of our teacher, we should not have made so much progress.6. If it were not for the collective strength, it wouldnt have been possible for us to live so well.7. If it had not been for me, you would not be free.十二在“It is / was + adj. + that-clause”句型中，從句的謂語用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣，should常省略。其中形容詞常為: necessary, important, strange, right, fair, just, better, natural, impossible, reasonable等。如：1. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 2. It will be better that we meet some other time.3. It is right that one should speak well of the absence.十三在It is desired, It is suggested, It is requested, It was proposed, It was ordered, It had been decided, It is surprising/amazing/shocking, It is disappointed 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句的謂語常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。如：1. It is not surprising that he should have failed.2. It isnt surprising that Tom (should) marry Mary.3. It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday.十四名詞suggestion, plan, idea, motion, proposal, order, advice, insistence, desire等的同位語從句以及它們作主語時(shí)的表語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣，should也可省略。如：1. My idea is that we (should) send him to the hospital.2. What do you think of his proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening?3. He was dumbfounded at her insistence that he (should) explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.4. He spoke about his countrys desire that friendly relations should be established.十五在以wh-ever, no matter wh-clause引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的謂語常用“may + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。如果指的是過去的動(dòng)作，用“may have + 過去分詞”。如：1. Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.2. I wont let you in whoever you may be/no matter what you may say.3. You mustnt be proud, however much you may have achieved.十六在連詞lest引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。如：1. He took an umbrella with him lest he (should) be caught in a shower.2. I feared/was afraid lest the kid (should) fall down the staircase.十七在“for fear (that), in case (that)”引導(dǎo)的狀語錄從句中，謂語常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。如：1. He studied very hard for fear (that) he should fail in the entrance examination.2. Please remind me of it in case (that) I should forget.十八動(dòng)詞hope, think, want, expect, plan, intend, suppose, mean等表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，用過去完成時(shí)或由這些詞后跟不定式的完成式構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。如：1. He failed the exam again though we all had expected him to pass it.2. I had wanted to write (= I wanted to have writte