2011春四級綜合講義(張培)

完型專項特訓(xùn)篇 解題秘笈 黃金 五原則 邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)原則 語義限定原則 語法約束原則 語段復(fù)現(xiàn)原則 選項淘汰原則 實戰(zhàn)演練 TEST 1 Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels They also carry out research work aimed 67 extending man s knowledge of these subjects The emphasis given to each of these functions 68 from university to university according to the views of the people in 69 and according to the resources available The smaller and newer universities do not 70 the staff or equipment to carry out the 71 research projects possible in larger institutions 72 most experts agree that some research activity is 73 to keep the staff and their students in 74 with the latest developments in their subjects Most students attend a university mainly to 75 the knowledge needed for their chosen 76 Educationists believe that this aim should not be the 77 one Universities have always aimed to produce men and women 78 judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge For this reason they 79 students to meet others with differing 80 and to read widely to 81 their understanding in many fields of study 82 a secondary school course a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own 83 He should be prepared to 84 sacrifices to study his chosen 85 in depth He should have an ambition to make some 86 contribution to man s knowledge 67A at B by C to D in 68A turnsB rangesC movesD varies 69A prospectB placeC controlD favor 70A occupyB possessC involveD spare 71A maximumB mediumC virtualD vast 72A ButB AsC WhileD For 73A naturalB essentialC functionalD optional 74A coordinationB accordanceC touchD grasp 75A acquireB acceptC endureD ensure 76A processionB professionC possessionD preference 77A typicalB trueC mereD only 78A withB underC onD through 79A promptB provokeC encourageD anticipate 80A historiesB expressionsC interestsD curiosities 81A broadenB lengthenC enforceD specify 82A AmidB AfterC OverD Upon 83A objectB courseC effectD sake 84A takeB makeC sufferD pay 85A fieldB scopeC targetD goal 86A radicalB truthfulC meaningfulD initial TEST 2 One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state Mood may be defined 67 a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied 68 any particular circumstance Moods should be 69 from emotions which are usually more intense 70 to specific circumstances and often conscious 71 one sense the effect of a consumer s mood can be thought of in 72 the same way as can our reactions to the 73 of our friends when our friends are happy and up that trends to influence us positively 74 when they are down that can have a 75 impact on us Similarly consumers operating under a 76 mood state tend to react to stimuli 刺激因 素 in a direction 77 with that mood state Thus for example we should expect to see 78 in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a 79 manner than they would when not in such a state 80 mood states appear capable of 81 a consumer s memory Moods appear to be 82 influenced by marketing techniques For example the rhythm pitch and 83 of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the 84 of time spent in supermarkets or 85 to purchase products In addition advertising can influence consumers moods which in 86 are capable of influencing consumer reactions to products 67A asB aboutC by D with 68A overB underC toD up 69A derivedB descendedC dividedD distinguished 70A relatedB referredC attachedD associated 71A OnB OfC InD By 72A thusB muchC evenD still 73A signalB gestureC viewD behavior 74A forB but C unlessD provided 75A relativeB decisiveC negativeD sensitive 76A givenB grantedC fixedD driven 77A resistantB persistentC insistentD consistent 78A consumersB businessmenC retailersD manufacturers 79A casualB criticalC seriousD favorable 80A HoweverB OtherwiseC MoreoverD Nevertheless 81A liftingB enhancingC raisingD cultivating 82A readilyB rarelyC cautiouslyD currently 83A stepB speedC bandD volume 84A extentB amountC scopeD range 85A facilitiesB capacitiesC reflectionsD intentions 86A turnB totalC detailD depth 翻譯分冊翻譯分冊 掌握掌握 總方針 翻譯復(fù)習(xí)兩步走總方針 翻譯復(fù)習(xí)兩步走 一一 題型概述 知己知彼題型概述 知己知彼 在四級新題型的考試中 翻譯部分所占的比重是 5 由 5 個句子組成 要求考生將 5 個句子由中文翻譯成英文 基本上考查短語 句型 而并非整句的翻譯而并非整句的翻譯 本題型考查的重點主要在于英文的常用表達(dá)以及基本語法 短語的內(nèi)容 二 翻譯備考 方法為先二 翻譯備考 方法為先 1 在進(jìn)行翻譯練習(xí)時 盡量力求翻譯答案多樣化 以便擴(kuò)展思維 開闊思路 掌握重點核心表達(dá) 例 為了掙錢供我上學(xué) mother often takes on more work 2 絕對不能忽視以前詞匯語法的單項選擇題 尤其是2000年以后的題目 盡量在以前的詞匯題中挖掘新四級翻譯考點 并做好筆記 隨時隨地復(fù)習(xí) 例 1 The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper 2004 年 1 月四級詞匯題 例 2 He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner 2005 年 6 月四級詞 匯題 例 3 You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger 2006 年 1 月四 級詞匯題 3 多背搭配 尤其是要以名詞為中心 多背名詞與動詞 形容詞等搭配 同時利用經(jīng)典搭配多造句子 完善語法結(jié)構(gòu) 同時可以提高自己的寫作水平 一舉兩得 4 強(qiáng)化重點語法知識 如倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 虛擬語氣 比較結(jié)構(gòu) 定語從句 狀 語從句 非謂語動詞等 5 深度分析已考翻譯試題 對考點的類型進(jìn)行全面而細(xì)致的歸類 全面掌 握挖掘潛在考點 學(xué)會舉一反三 一 最新真題詳解一 最新真題詳解 1 You would not have failed if you 按照我的指令去做 2 Despite the hardship he encountered Mark never 放棄對知識的追求 3 Scientists agree that it will be a long time 我們找到治愈癌癥的方法 4 Production has to be increased considerably to 與消費者不斷增長的 需求保持同步 5 The more exercise you take 你越不大可能得感冒 二 精選真題考點剖析 二 精選真題考點剖析 1 Having spent some time in the city he had no trouble 找到去歷史博物 館的路 2 為了掙錢供我上學(xué) Mother often takes on more work 3 The professor required that 我們交研究報告 by Wednesday 4 Though a skilled worker 他被公司解雇了 last week because of the economic crisis 5 Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to 適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活 6 The victim 本來會有機(jī)會活下來 if he had been taken to hospital in time 7 The nation s population continues to rise 以每年 1200 萬人的速度 8 The finding of this study failed to 將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在 內(nèi) 9 The prevent and treatment of AIDS is 我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域 10 Because of the leg injury the athlete 決定退出比賽 11 To make donations or for more information please 按以 下地址和我們聯(lián)系 12 Please come here at ten tomorrow morning 如果你方便的 話 13 Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research 能應(yīng)用于新 技術(shù)的開發(fā) 14 I can t boot my computer now Something 一定出了毛病 with its operation system 15 Leaving one s job 不管是什么工作 is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring 16 與我成長的地方相比 this town is more prosperous and exciting 17 We can say a lot of things about those 畢生致力于詩歌 的人 they are passionate impulsive and unique 18 Mary couldn t have received my letter 否則她上周就該 回信了 19 Nancy is supposed to 做完化學(xué)實驗 at least two weeks ago 20 Never once 老兩口互相爭吵 since they were married 40 years ago 21 一個國家未來的繁榮在很大程度上有賴于 the quality of education of its people 三 核心考點強(qiáng)化練習(xí)三 核心考點強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1 He 一定已經(jīng)很熟悉這地方 or he couldn t know everyone s name and families here on his first day of arriving 2 He regretted 責(zé)怪那個孩子 losing his tools for car meding 3 Having studied the map carefully for two days I have no trouble 找到去地鐵站的路 4 Sam is always dreaming of 被派到國外去主管生意 5 I should say Henry is 與其說是個小說家不如說是 as a reporter 6 Even experienced interpreters admit it is not easy to 習(xí)慣講英語 人士的不同口音 7 Nowadays most parents are quite worried that 沒有什么比玩 電腦游戲?qū)⒆痈形?8 Hardly 他幾乎不能忍受任何責(zé)備 especially when he is wronged 9 Cancer is 僅次于心臟病 as a cause of death 10 Until now inflation has always 與薪金增長保持同步 11 The executive power of the staff 有很強(qiáng)的影響 the enterprise s performance 12 I suggested he 使自己適應(yīng) his new working conditions and life there 13 In no case 你可以完全依靠別人來解決 your own problems 14 下定決心參加志愿者服務(wù) even though she s already in her 70s 15 The top high school in America charges 是一家普通學(xué)校收費的兩 倍還多 16 This system of education failed to 將殘疾兒童考慮進(jìn)去 17 I heard that he 被指控偷了一枚鉆戒 18 The president of this university urged that 全體教師不要錯 過這次良機(jī) 19 Without the fund you generously provided for us we 不 可能及時完成工程 20 We fall behind our competitors 要是我們擁有先進(jìn) 的設(shè)備就好了 21 It concerns some VIPs in the Parliament 我希望你沒有 對任何人提及此事該多好 22 It is the chairman who once put up the suggestion that 新 規(guī)則應(yīng)逐步被采用 23 Since last spring this company has 掀起冰箱促銷的大 型廣告活動 24 Many nations concerns themselves with economic development 一點都不考慮環(huán)境保護(hù) 25 The charges for the training courses are different 每小 時從 50 元到幾百元不等 26 He saved the whole family this time so 我們怎么感謝他都 不過分 27 他把畢生獻(xiàn)給了教育發(fā)展事業(yè) and achieved a lot 28 The organization claimed that 對這起爆炸事件負(fù)責(zé) 29 我剛剛完成劇本 than the publishing house called again 30 All the hunters were cautious at night 以防他們被狼群攻擊 完形填空分冊完形填空分冊 一一 題型概述 題型概述 完形填空是一個綜合性很強(qiáng)的題型 不但考查考生的詞匯能力 同樣也能考查學(xué)生的篇 章分析能力 所以說基本能力 基本技能對解此種題型就顯得尤為重要 該題型一般是由一篇 200 300 詞左右的文章組成 題目為 20 道 二二 考點剖析 考點剖析 根據(jù)大綱對完形填空的測試要求 可以預(yù)見完形填空有三大測試重點 1 考查詞匯的辨析 尤其考查對近義詞的辨析 特別是動詞和形容詞以及名詞 2 考查固定搭配 主要包括動詞詞組 介詞詞組和形容詞詞組 3 上下文的銜接 這也就是側(cè)重考查句子與句子 意群之間 段落之間的銜接 三 強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 三 強(qiáng)化練習(xí) Passage one Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden according to a new study on population published recently The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic 人口結(jié)構(gòu)的 change it says Only 1 of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11 3 million people are 72 state pension age 73 needs to continue throughout life Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 says the report s author Professor Stephen McNair The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25 77 people are changing their jobs 78 partners and lifestyles more often than 79 they need opportunities to learn at every age 80 some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later People need opportunities to make a midlife review to 81 to the later stage of employed life and to plan for the transition 過渡 82 retirement which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90 says McNair And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity and finding constructive 86 for the third age the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life 67 A operates B focuses C counts D depends 68 A superior B regular C essential D adequate 69 A currently B barely C anxiously D heavily 70 A regulations B obstacles C challenges D guidelines 71 A enjoyment B retirement C stability D inability 72 A over B after C across D beside 73 A Indentifying B Learning C Instructing D Practicing 74 A at B by C in D on 75 A desires B realms C needs D intentions 76 A measure B ratio C area D portion 77 A When B Until C Whether D Before 78 A neighbors B moods C homes D minds 79 A age B ever C previously D formerly 80 A For example B By contrast C In particular D On average 81 A transform B yield C adjust D suit 82 A within B from C beyond D to 83 A unfairly B unpredictably C instantly D indirectly 84 A reliable B considerable C available D feasible 85 A sense B conscience C project D definition 86 A ranks B assets C ideals D roles Passage two In a telephone survey of more than 2 000 adults 21 said they believed the sun revolved 旋轉(zhuǎn) around the earth An 71 7 did not know which revolved around 72 I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun 75 may even have written it 76 a test But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary 行星的 78 because their every day observations didn t support 79 their teachers told them People see the sun moving 80 the sky as morning turns to night and the earth seems stationary 靜止的 81 that is happening Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side each unaffected by the other Outside of class the student continues to use the 86 model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance Unless professors address 88 errors in students personal models of the world students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one 71 A excessive B extra C additional D added 72 A what B which C that D other 73 A virtually B remarkably C ideally D preferably 74 A learned B suggested C taught D advised 75 A those B these C who D they 76 A on B with C under D for 77 A formed B altered C believed D thought 78 A operation B position C motion D location 79 A how B which C that D what 80 A around B across C on D above 81 A since B so C while D for 82 A to B by C in D with 83 A with B into C to D along0批 84 A adult s B teacher s C scientist s D student s 85 A exist B occur C survive D maintain 86 A private B individual C personal D own 87 A in B with C on D for 88 A general B natural C similar D specific 89 A obliged B likely C probable D partial 90 A perfect B better C reasonable D correct Passage three For the past two years I have been working on students evaluation of classroom teaching I have kept a record of informal conversations 71 some 300 students from at 72 twenty one colleges and universities The students were generally 73 and direct in their comments 74 how course work could be better 75 Most of their remarks were kindly 76 with tolerance rather than bitterness and frequently were softened by the 77 that the students were speaking 78 some not all instructors Nevertheless 79 the following suggestions and comments indicate students feel 80 with things as they are in the classroom Professors should be 81 from reading lecture notes It makes their 82 monotonous 單調(diào) 的 If they are going to read why not 83 out copies of the lecture Then we 84 need to go to class Professors should 85 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook 86 we ve read the material we want to 87 it or hear it elaborated on 88 repeated A lot of students hate to buy a 89 text that the professor has written 90 to have his lectures repeat it 71 A involving B counting C covering D figuring 72 A best B least C length D large 73 A reserved B hard working C polite D frank 74 A over B at C on D of 75 A presented B submitted C described D written 76 A received B addressed C made D taken 77 A occasion B truth C case D fact 78 A on B about C at D with 79 A though B as C whether D if 80 A dissatisfied B unsatisfactory C satisfied D satisfactory 81 A interfered B interrupted C discouraged D disturbed 82 A voices B sounds C pronunciation D gestures 83 A hold B leave C drop D give 84 A couldn t B wouldn t C mustn t D shouldn t 85 A refuse B prohibit C prevent D avoid 86 A Once B Until C However D Unless 87 A remember B argue C discuss D keep 88 A yet B not C and D or 89 A desired B revised C required D deserved 90 A about B how C but D only Passage four A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds 語 聲 and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication Let s look at this 61 in more detail because it is language more than anything else 62 distinguishes man from the rest of the 63 world Other animals it is true communicate with one another by 64 of cries for example many birds utter 65 calls at the approach of danger monkeys utter 66 cries such as expressions of anger fear and pleasure 67 these various means of communication differ in important ways 68 human language For instance animals cries do not 69 thought s and feelings clearly This means basically that they lack structure They lack the kind of structure that 70 us to divide a human utterance into 71 We can change an utterance by 72 one word in it with 73 a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say e g tanks approaching from the north 74 who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north or tanks approaching from the west but a bird has a single alarm cry 75 means danger This is why the number of 76 that an animal can make is very limited the great tit 山 雀 is a case 77 point it has about twenty different calls 78 in human language the number of possible utterances is 79 It also explains why animal cries are very 80 in meaning 61 A classification B definition C function D perception 62 A that B it C as D what 63 A native B human C physical D animal 64 A ways B means C methods D approaches 65 A mating B exciting C warning D boring 66 A identical B exciting C different D unfamiliar 67 A But B Therefore C Afterwards D Furthermore 68 A about B with C from D in 69 A infer B explain C interpret D express 70 A encourage B enables C enforces D ensures 71 A speeches B sounds C words D voices 72 A replacing B spelling C pronouncing D saying 73 A ours B theirs C another D others 74 A so B and C but D or 75 A this B that C which D it 76 A signs B gestures C signals D marks 77 A in B at C of D for 78 A whereas B since C anyhow D somehow 79 A boundless B changeable C limitless D ceaseless 80 A ordinary B alike C common D general Passage five More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships what they expected 61 friends what they were willing to give in 62 and how satisfied they were 63 the quality of their friendships the 64 give little comfort to social critics Friendship 65 to be a unique form of 66 bonding Unlike marriage or the ties that 67 parents and children it is not defined or regulated by 68 Unlike other social roles that we are expected to 69 as citizens employees members of professional societies and 70 organizations it has its own principle which is to promote 71 of warmth trust love and affection 72 two people The survey on friendship appeared in the March 73 of Psychology Today The findings 74 that issues of trust and betrayal 背叛 are 75 to friendship They also suggest that our readers do not 76 for friends only among those who are 77 like them but find many 78 differ in race religion and ethnic 種族的 background Arguably the most important 79 that emerges from the data 80 is not something that we found but what we did not 61 A on B of C to D for 62 A addition B reply C turn D return 63 A about B of C with D by 64 A results B effects C expectations D consequences 65 A feels B leads C sounds D appears 66 A human B mankind C individual D civil 67 A bind B attach C contr