新世紀大學英語綜合教材6復習資料.doc

Unit One Teaching in Your Pajamas：Lessons of Online Class穿著睡衣講課：網絡課程經驗談1. 精心打扮dress upOne of my favorite parts of college teaching is dressing up and putting on a good show. 對我來說，在大學講課有一點讓我很喜歡，就是精心打扮然后呈上一場精彩的表演。2. 配上相應的飾物coordinate accessoriesI plan my outfits, apply makeup, coordinate accessories, even rework my lecture cue cards. 我會換一身得體的套裝、化好妝、配上相應的飾品，甚至把上課用的提示卡都會重新修訂一番。3. 上課用的提示卡 lecture cue cardsI plan my outfits, apply makeup, coordinate accessories, even rework my lecture cue cards.我會換一身得體的套裝、化好妝、配上相應的飾品，甚至把上課用的提示卡都會重新修訂一番。4. 教學媒體 instructional mediumI had questions about the validity of this instructional medium. 我質疑這種教學方式的有效性5. 注冊課程 register for the courseHow would I know that the student submitting the work was the one registered for the course? 我怎么會知道提交作業(yè)的學生就是注冊的哪位呢？6. 講授課程內容 deliver the subject matterTeaching online also required rethinking how I deliver the subject matter. 網絡教學也要求我重新思考講授課程內容的方式。7. 幽默感 sense of humorMy student reviews had always been extremely positive, usually mentioning my enthusiasm, sense of humor and ability to convey the subject in an easy-to-understand way. 學對我的評價一直都極其肯定，通常會提到我的熱情，幽默感及用通俗易懂的語言講授課程的能力。8. 以通俗易懂的方式 in an easy-to-understand wayMy student reviews had always been extremely positive, usually mentioning my enthusiasm, sense of humor and ability to convey the subject in an easy-to-understand way.學對我的評價一直都極其肯定，通常會提到我的熱情，幽默感及用通俗易懂的語言講授課程的能力。9. 考慮教學方面的問題 weigh the pedagogical issuesWhile I weighed the philosophical and pedagogical issues, my daughter took two online courses. 我還在考慮哲學與教學方面的問題呢，女兒則選了兩門網絡課程。10. 全心投入討論 dive into discussionsShe had always been a very shy student who never spoke in class. But in these online courses, she dived into discussions, posted her opinions and generally felt more free to participate than she ever had before. 她一向是個非常靦腆的學生，從來不在課堂上發(fā)言。但在這些網絡課程中，她全心投入討論，發(fā)表意見，總的說來比以往任何時候都更能放開參與。11. 更放開的去做某事 feel more free toshe dived into discussions, posted her opinions and generally felt more free to participate than she ever had before. 她全心投入討論，發(fā)表意見，總的說來比以往任何時候都更能放開參與。12. 通過計算機教學 deliver instruction via computerI also took a brief course for online teachers from our university and learned that many of them were also shy and felt more comfortable delivering instruction via computer. 我也選了一門為我們學校的網絡教師開設的短訓課程，得知很多同事也很靦腆，通過計算機教學他們感受更得心應手。13. 計劃去be scheduled to Since I was scheduled to teach environmental science in summer school, it seemed like the perfect time to write the lectures for the online course in the fall. My plan: On the day I had to deliver a traditional lecture, Id just type it up in the morning, cut the grass, then teach the class in the evening. 因為要在暑假學校講授環(huán)境科學課，趁這機會為秋季的網絡課程備課看來再合適不過了。我的計劃是這樣的：在上傳統(tǒng)課的那天，早上備課，修整草坪，然后晚上去教課。14. 環(huán)境問題 environmental issuesThey wrote their biographies and summarized news articles about environmental issues他們寫傳記，綜述與環(huán)境問題相關的新聞報道。15. 坦白交待 confess toThey answered questions about their own contributions to environmental problems, sometimes confessing to astonishing personal habits. They commented on other students submissions. 他們回到有關自己對于環(huán)境方面所作貢獻的問題，有時還坦白交代一些令人吃驚的個人習慣。他們也點評其他學生的帖子。16. 點評 commented onThey commented on other students submissions. 他們也點評其他學生的帖子。17. 討論板 discussion boardThe discussion board was lively, with submissions posted at all hours. 討論版很熱鬧，任何時段都有人發(fā)帖。18. 發(fā)帖post submissions / send postingsThe discussion board was lively, with submissions posted at all hours. 討論版很熱鬧，任何時段都有人發(fā)帖。19. 解決問題resolve the questionsshe sent me an e-mail message and we resolved the questions. 要是有學生想私下討論下，就發(fā)電子郵件給我，我們一起解決問題。20. 接受邀請 take up the offerWhen I invited my students to post photographs of themselves, only one took up the offer, entering a picture of the sunset over the bay near her house in Florida. 我請學生把自己的照片貼出來，結果只有一個學生接受了邀請，而且上次的是一張在弗羅里達她家附近的海灣日落圖片。21. 落后fall behindSome students fell behind, tried to catch up, then drifted away. 有些學生落后了，嘗試著跟上進度，然后不來了。22. 退出，不見了drift awaySome students fell behind, tried to catch up, then drifted away. 有些學生落后了，嘗試著跟上進度，然后不來了。23. 將融會貫通到實際生活integrate into the lifeTests and required postings confirm that the students learn the material and integrate it into their lives. 測驗和要求的發(fā)帖進一步確保學生學習相關的材料，并將其融會貫通到實際生活中。24. 發(fā)帖提醒 post an alertThey were quick to post an alert when an environmental problem became news, and many were outraged by environmental decisions made by the government while the course was under way. 如果一個環(huán)境問題成為新聞，他們會很快發(fā)帖提醒，在學習這門課程的過程，很多人會對政府的環(huán)境決策非常憤怒。25. 正在進行中 be under wayThey were quick to post an alert when an environmental problem became news, and many were outraged by environmental decisions made by the government while the course was under way. 如果一個環(huán)境問題成為新聞，他們會很快發(fā)帖提醒，在學習這門課程的過程，很多人會對政府的環(huán)境決策非常憤怒。26. 不可缺少的學習因素 an integral element of learningI found that for online education, interaction with the teacher, with other students is a more integral element of learning than it is in the classroom.我發(fā)現(xiàn)，與課堂教學相比，在網絡教育中，互動（師生互動、生生互動）是一個更不可缺少的學習因素。Unit Two neat people vs. sloppy people 整潔人與邋遢人1. 琢磨出區(qū)別figure out the differenceIve finally figured out the difference between neat people and sloppy people. 我終于琢磨出了整潔人與邋遢人的區(qū)別2. 抱有一個天國美景的幻想 carry a heavenly visionSloppy people carry in their minds eye a heavenly vision, a precise plan that is so stupendous, so perfect, it cant be achieved in this world or the next. 邋遢人心目中有一副天國美景，有一個周密計劃，其宏偉完美，今生今世都無法實現(xiàn)。3. 在想象中 in ones minds eye Sloppy people carry in their minds eye a heavenly vision, a precise plan that is so stupendous, so perfect, it cant be achieved in this world or the next. 邋遢人心目中有一副天國美景，有一個周密計劃，其宏偉完美，今生今世都無法實現(xiàn)。4. 理想王國Never-Never LandSloppy people live in Never-Never Land邋遢人生活在理想王國里。5. 把書按字母順序排好alphabetize booksSomeday they are planning to alphabetize all their books and set up home catalogs. 有朝一日，他們打算把所有的書按字母順序編排好，建立家庭圖書目錄。6. 建立家庭圖書目錄set up home catalogsSomeday they are planning to alphabetize all their books and set up home catalogs. 有朝一日，他們打算把所有的書按字母順序編排好，建立家庭圖書目錄。7. 把衣柜翻個遍go through wardrobesSomeday they will go through their wardrobes and mark certain items for tentative mending and certain items for passing on to relatives of similar shape and size. 有朝一日。他們要把自己的衣服翻個遍，有的標明要試著修補，有的標明要送給體型身高相似的親戚。8. 送給pass on toSomeday they will go through their wardrobes and mark certain items for tentative mending and certain items for passing on to relatives of similar shape and size. 有朝一日。他們要把自己的衣服翻個遍，有的標明要試著修補，有的標明要送給體型身高相似的親戚。9. 制作家庭剪貼簿make family scrapbooksSomeday sloppy people will make family scrapbooks into which they will put newspaper clippings, postcards, locks of hair, and the dried corsage from their senior prom.有朝一日，邋遢人要制作家庭剪貼簿，把剪報、明信片、小縷的頭發(fā)以及早已枯萎的高中畢業(yè)舞會上用過的裝飾花放在里面。10. 剪報 newspaper clippingsSomeday sloppy people will make family scrapbooks into which they will put newspaper clippings, postcards, locks of hair, and the dried corsage from their senior prom.有朝一日，邋遢人要制作家庭剪貼簿，把剪報、明信片、小縷的頭發(fā)以及早已枯萎的高中畢業(yè)舞會上用過的裝飾花放在里面。11. 小縷的頭發(fā)locks of hairSomeday sloppy people will make family scrapbooks into which they will put newspaper clippings, postcards, locks of hair, and the dried corsage from their senior prom.有朝一日，邋遢人要制作家庭剪貼簿，把剪報、明信片、小縷的頭發(fā)以及早已枯萎的高中畢業(yè)舞會上用過的裝飾花放在里面。12. 把一切弄得井井有條straighten out the worldThey aim too high and wide. They save everything, planning someday to file, order, and straighten out the world. 他們把目標定的太高太遠。什么東西都留下來，等哪天去整理。歸檔，把一切搞得井井有條。13. 逐漸成形take clearer and clearer shapeBut while these ambitious plans take clearer and clearer shape in their heads, the books spill from the shelves onto the floor, 然而，就在這些宏偉的計劃在心里漸漸形成的時候，書從書架上散落到地上，14. 堆積pile upthe clothes pile up in the hamper and closet, the family mementos accumulate in every drawer,衣服堆在衣籃和衣柜里，紀念品擠滿了所有抽屜15. 眼看要頂?shù)教旎ò錿hreaten to reach the ceilingthe surface of the desk is buried under mounds of paper, and the unread magazines threaten to reach the ceiling. 桌面被一堆堆的材料所埋沒，沒讀過的雜志眼看就要頂?shù)教旎ò辶恕?6. 丟棄part withSloppy people cant bear to part with anything. 邋遢人什么東西都舍不得丟掉，對每樣小東西都溫情脈脈。17. 對溫情脈脈give loving attention toThey give loving attention to every detail. 邋遢人什么東西都舍不得丟掉，對每樣小東西都溫情脈脈。18. 把桌子清理得一干二凈bulldoze the deskA neat person would just bulldoze the desk. 整潔人則會三下兩下把桌面的東西清除的一干二凈。19. 心底里，本質上 at heartpeople are bums and clods at heart. They have cavalier attitudes toward possessions, including family heirlooms. 整潔人實際上都是些懶漢和笨蛋，他們對財務漫不經心，哪怕是傳家寶也毫不在意。20. 不認真考慮toy with the idea ofNeat people will toy with the idea of throwing the children out of the house just to cut down on the clutter. 整潔人甚至還會考慮把孩子扔出去，只為家里少幾分凌亂。21. 減少cut down onNeat people will toy with the idea of throwing the children out of the house just to cut down on the clutter. 整潔人甚至還會考慮把孩子扔出去，只為家里少幾分凌亂。22. 把所有事情做完 get the whole thing over withWhat they want to do is get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and watch the rasslin on TV. 他們想做的，就是把什么事情做完，好坐下來看電視里面的摔跤比賽。23. 雷打不動的原則unvarying principlesNeat people operate on two unvarying principles: Never handle any item twice, and throw everything away. 整潔人有兩條雷打不動的原則：任何東西絕不處理第二次；把東西都扔掉。24. 對心狠手辣be vicious withNeat people are especially vicious with mail. 整潔人對信件尤其心狠手辣。25. 慈善捐款charitable contributionsAll ads, catalogs, pleas for charitable contributions, church bulletins, and money-saving coupons go straight into the trash can without being opened.所有的廣告、目錄、懇求慈善捐款、教堂公告、優(yōu)惠券、不需要拆封就直接扔進垃圾箱。26. 直接扔進垃圾桶go straight into the trash canAll ads, catalogs, pleas for charitable contributions, church bulletins, and money-saving coupons go straight into the trash can without being opened.所有的廣告、目錄、懇求慈善捐款、教堂公告、優(yōu)惠券、不需要拆封就直接扔進垃圾箱。27. 把（污垢等）沖洗干凈 rinse sth. OffThey wouldnt consider clipping a coupon, saving a leftover, reusing plastic nondairy whipped cream containers, or rinsing off tin foil and draping it over the unmoldy dish drainer. 他們從來不屑剪下優(yōu)惠券，用剩下的東西絕不留著，盛裝非乳制摜奶油用的塑料盒是從來不重復使用的，也不會把錫紙沖洗干凈，搭在沒有發(fā)霉的餐具濾干器上。28. 大肆破壞cut a clean swath throughNeat people cut a clean swath through the organic as well as the inorganic world. 有機物也好，無機物也罷，整潔人都夷平了事。29. 用完 finish withAfter theyve finished with the pantry, the medicine cabinet, and the attic,他們清理完食品室、藥柜和閣樓后30. 寄宿學校 boarding schoolthey will throw out the red geranium (too many leaves), sell the dog (too many fleas), and send the children off to boarding school (too many scuff-marks on the hardwood floors). 他們就會扔掉紅花天竺葵（嫌葉子太多），賣掉狗（嫌跳蚤太多），把孩子打發(fā)到寄宿學校（嫌他們在硬木板上留下太多的瘢痕）。Unit Three MY Daughter smokes 家有吸煙女1. 在近旁 close at handI am looking at the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand. 我則看著她隨意扔在身旁的半包駱駝牌香煙2. 硬起心腸 harden myself against When she smoked Marlboros and Players, I hardened myself against feeling so bad; 她抽“萬寶路”和“運動員”牌時，我硬起心腸，不讓自己感到難過3. 眼睛炯炯有神 with eyes like lanterns But before he smoked “ready-mades” when he was very young and very poor, with eyes like lanterns he smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself. 不過，在他開始抽機制卷煙之前-那時他很年輕，也很窮，但眼睛炯炯有神他是用阿爾伯特親王牌煙絲自己卷煙抽的。4. 聯(lián)手 couple with The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both hero and heroine smoked like chimneys, won over completely people like my father, who were hopelessly addicted to cigarettes. 煙草業(yè)聯(lián)手好萊塢電影影片中的男女主角都是大煙槍把像我父親那樣的人完完全全爭取了過去，使他們無藥可救地染上了煙癮。5. 大煙槍 smoke like chimneysThe tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both hero and heroine smoked like chimneys, won over completely people like my father, who were hopelessly addicted to cigarettes. 煙草業(yè)聯(lián)手好萊塢電影影片中的男女主角都是大煙槍把像我父親那樣的人完完全全爭取了過去，使他們無藥可救地染上了煙癮。6. 把完全爭取了過去 completely win over The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both hero and heroine smoked like chimneys, won over completely people like my father, who were hopelessly addicted to cigarettes. 煙草業(yè)聯(lián)手好萊塢電影影片中的男女主角都是大煙槍把像我父親那樣的人完完全全爭取了過去，使他們無藥可救地染上了煙癮。7. 看上去像那樣時髦 look as dapper as He never looked as dapper as Prince Albert, though; 不過，我父親從來沒有看上去像阿爾伯特親王那樣時髦；8. 對說出內心的疑惑 wonder aloud toI wondered aloud once to my sister who is perennially trying to quit whether our father realized this. I wondered how she, a smoker since high school, viewed her own habit. 我有一次對我姐姐說出了我內心的疑惑-她永遠都在嘗試戒煙問她父親是不是知道這一點。我想知道，從高中開始就躋身煙民的她，是如何看待自己的習慣的。9. 對而言是個習慣 it is ritual with I gave up smoking, gladly. Because it was ritual with my buddies Mural, Leon, and “Dog” Farley I continued to drink wine. 我戒煙了，心甘情愿。因為和那幫哥們兒繆拉爾、利昂還是“狗子”法利一起喝習慣了，我繼續(xù)喝酒。10. 把他折磨得虛弱不堪 leave him lowMy father died from “the poor mans friend,” pneumonia, one hard winter when his bronchitis and emphysema had left him low. 我父親死于被稱為“窮人之友”的疾病肺炎，他死在一個嚴冬，那時支氣管炎和肺氣腫已把他折磨的虛弱不堪。11. 強壯、自信的男人 the tough, “take-charge” manThere are large billboards directed at them both: the tough, “take-charge,” or dapper older man, the glamorous, “worldly” young woman, both puffing away. 到處都有針對他們這兩類人的巨大廣告牌；強壯、自信或時髦、年齡較大的男人，以及漂亮、“世故”的年輕女人，都在吞云吐霧。12. 漂亮、“世故”的年輕女人 glamorous, “worldly” young womanhere are large billboards directed at them both: the tough, “take-charge,” or dapper older man, the glamorous, “worldly” young woman, both puffing away. 到處都有針對他們這兩類人的巨大廣告牌；強壯、自信或時髦、年齡較大的男人，以及漂亮、“世故”的年輕女人，都在吞云吐霧。13. 吞云吐霧 puff awayhere are large billboards directed at them both: the tough, “take-charge,” or dapper older man, the glamorous, “worldly” young woman, both puffing away. 到處都有針對他們這兩類人的巨大廣告牌；強壯、自信或時髦、年齡較大的男人，以及漂亮、“世故”的年輕女人，都在吞云吐霧。14. 對她而言并不樂觀 something is against her My daughter would like to quit, she says. We both know the statistics are against her; most people who try to quit smoking do not succeed.我女兒想戒煙，她說。我們都知道統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)對她而言并不樂觀，絕大多數(shù)嘗試戒煙的人都以失敗告終。15. 無能為力的感覺 a feeling of futility There is a deep hurt that I feel as a mother. Some days it is a feeling of futility. 作為一個母親，我感到切膚之痛。有時那是一種無能為力的感覺。16. 廣泛的單一種植 intensive mono-croppingAnd though the plant as most of us know it has been poisoned by chemicals and denatured by intensive mono-cropping and is therefore hardly the plant it was, still, to some modern Indians it remains a plant of positive power. 雖然由于受化學物質的毒害以及廣泛的單一種植而導致其性質改變，我們絕大多數(shù)人今天所知的煙草已不再是昔日的同一種植物了，但對一些現(xiàn)代的印第安人而言它仍然是一種具有積極效用的植物。17. 性質改變 is denatured byAnd though the plant as most of us know it has been poisoned by chemicals and denatured by intensive mono-cropping and is therefore hardly the plant it was, still, to some modern Indians it remains a plant of positive power. 雖然由于受化學物質的毒害以及廣泛的單一種植而導致其性質改變，我們絕大多數(shù)人今天所知的煙草已不再是昔日的同一種植物了，但對一些現(xiàn)代的印第安人而言它仍然是一種具有積極效用的植物。18. 一種具有積極效用的植物 a plant of positive powerAnd though the plant as most of us know it has been poisoned by chemicals and denatured by intensive mono-cropping and is therefore hardly the plant it was, still, to some modern Indians it remains a plant of positive power. 雖然由于受化學物質的毒害以及廣泛的單一種植而導致其性質改變，我們絕大多數(shù)人今天所知的煙草已不再是昔日的同一種植物了，但對一些現(xiàn)代的印第安人而言它仍然是一種具有積極效用的植物。19. 剝奪了它的自由和同類 keeping it from freedom and its kinPerhaps we can liberate tobacco from those who have captured and abused it, enslaving the plant on large plantations, keeping it from freedom and its kin, and forcing it to enslave the world. 也許我們可以將煙草從那些俘獲并濫用它的人們手中解救出來，那些人將這植物奴役與大型種植園里，剝奪它的自由，使它與同類不得相見，并迫使它去奴役整個世界。20. 解救靈魂 redeem the soulMaybe by sowing a few seeds of tobacco in our gardens and treating the plant with the reverence it deserves, we can redeem tobaccos soul and restore its self-respect.也許，在花園里撒下幾顆煙草種子，給這植物以它應得的尊敬，我們就可以解救煙草的靈魂，重塑它的自尊。21. 重塑自尊 restore the self-respectMaybe by sowing a few seeds of tobacco in our gardens and treating the plant with the reverence it deserves, we can redeem tobaccos soul and restore its self-respect.也許，在花園里撒下幾顆煙草種子，給這植物以它應得的尊敬，我們就可以解救煙草的靈魂，重塑它的自尊。22. 一種自我毀滅 a form of self-batteringSmoking is a form of self-battering that also batters those who must sit by, occasionally cajole or complain, and helplessly watch.抽煙是一種自我毀滅，而且也毀滅著那些不得不坐在你身邊的人。那些人偶爾會勸誡或抱怨，但往往只能無奈地看著。 Unit Four Why Marriage Fail 婚姻為什么失敗1. 以離婚告終end in divorceThese days so many marriages end in divorce that our most sacred vows no longer ring with truth. 如今這么多的婚姻以離婚告終，我們最為神圣的誓言也不再真實。2. 不再真實no longer ring with truthThese days so many marriages end in divorce that our most sacred vows no longer ring with truth. 如今這么多的婚姻以離婚告終，我們最為神圣的誓言也不再真實。3. 在單親家庭中長大 grow up in single-parent homesHowcould we have created a society in which 42 percent of our children will grow up in single-parent homes? 我們怎么竟制造了這樣一個社會，其中42%的孩子要在單身家庭中長大？4. 無法用數(shù)字表達beyond quantifyingIf statistics could only measure loneliness, regret, pain, loss of self-confidence and fear of future, the numbers would be beyond quantifying.假如數(shù)據(jù)可以衡量孤獨、遺憾、痛苦、自信的喪失以及對未來的恐懼，那么這些數(shù)目將會大得無法用數(shù)字表達。5. 心理快樂與痛苦 psychological happiness and miseryEach of us falls in love with a mate who has qualities of our parents, who will help us rediscover both the psychological happiness and miseries of our past lives. 每個人都會愛上一個有我們父母特點的伴侶，那個人能幫助我們重新發(fā)現(xiàn)以往生活中所經歷的心理快樂與痛苦。6. 把賭光 gamble away A man may choose a woman who doesnt like kids just like his mother or who gambles away the family savings just like his mother. 一個男人也可能會選擇